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The document discusses embedded product development life cycle (EDLC) which involves analysis, design, and implementation approaches for developing embedded systems. It describes the purposes of using EDLC which includes understanding the scope and complexity of embedded system development and defining interactions between project teams. The document also defines key terms related to embedded system development like system testing, integration testing, computational models, and real-time operating systems.
Embedded multiple choice questions
- 1. 1. Define EDLC. EDLC isEmbeddedProductDevelopmentLife Cycle.ItisanAnalysis –Design– Implementationbasedproblemsolvingapproachforembeddedsystemsdevelopment. 2. What are the purposesof usingEDLC? EDLC isessential forunderstandingthe scope andcomplexityof the work involvedin embeddedsystemsdevelopment. Itcan be usedinany developinganyembedded product. EDLC definesthe interactionandactivitiesamongvariousgroupsof aproduct developmentphase.Example:-projectmanagement,systemdesign 3. What are the three phasesof ProductDevelopment? Analysisinvolvesunderstandingwhatproductneedstobe developed. Designinvolves whatapproach to be usedto buildthe product. Implementationisdevelopingthe product by realizingthe design. 4. What are the differentphasesof EDLC? Need Conceptualization Analysis Design DevelopmentandTesting Deployment Support Upgrades Retirement / Disposal 5. What are the different types of approaches can be used to model an embedded system. Waterfall or Linear Model. Iterative/ Incremental or Fountain Model. Prototyping Model. Spiral Model. 6. Define System testing. Testing the functional aspects or product requirements of the product after integration. System testing refers to a set of different tests and few among them are, usability testing, loading testing, security testing, Scalability testing, Sanity testing, Smoke testing, Performance testing and Endurance testing. 7. Define Integration Testing. Integrating each modules and testing the integrated unit for required functionality is called as Integration testing. 8. What are the Computational models commonly used in Embedded System Design. Data Flow Graph (DFG) model State Machine model Concurrent Process model Sequential Program model Object Oriented model 9. Define Data Flow Graph (DFG) model. The DFG model is a driven model in which the program execution is determined by data. It is also called as Diagram Model. 10. What is meant by State Machine Model? The State Machine Model describes the system behaviour with States, Events, Actions and Transitions. The state machine model is used for modelling reactive or event driven embedded systems whose processing behaviour are dependent on state transitions. 11. Define FSM Model. A Finite State Machine model is one in which the number of states are finite. In other words the system is described using a finite number of possible states.
- 2. 12. Define object oriented model. The object oriented model is an object based model for modelling system requirements. It disseminates a complex software requirement into simple well defined pieces called objects. Object – oriented model brings re – usability, maintainability and productivity in system design. 13. What is meant by Sequential Program Model? In the sequential program model, the functions or processing requirements are executed in sequence. It is same as the conventional procedural programming. 14. What is the use of control DFG Model? The control DFG (CDFG) model is used for modelling applications involving conditional program execution. CDFG model contains both data operations and control operations. UNIT – IV RTOS BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 1. Define task and Task state. A task is a set of computations or actions that processes on a CPU under the control of a scheduling kernel. It also has a process control structure called a task control block that saves at the memory. It has a unique ID. It has states in the system as follows: idle, ready, running, blocked and finished. 2. What is a thread? Thread is a concept in Java and UNIX and it is a light weight sub process or process in an application program. It is controlled by the OS kernel. It has a process structure, called thread stack, at the memory. It has a unique ID .It have states in the system as follows: stating, running, blocked and finished. 3. Define Inter process communication. An output from one task passed to another task through the scheduler and use of signals, exception, semaphore, queues, mailbox, pipes, sockets, and RPC. 4. What is shared data problem? If a variable is used in two different processes and another task if interrupts before the operation on that data is completed then the value of the variable may differ from the one expected if the earlier operation had been completed .This ids known as shared data problem. 5. Define Semaphore Semaphore provides a mechanism to let a task wait till another finishes. It is a way of synchronizing concurrent processing operations. When a semaphore is taken by a task then that task has access to the necessary resources. When given the resources unlock. Semaphore can be used as a event flag or as a resource key. 6. Differentiate counting semaphore and binary semaphore. Binary semaphore When the value of binary semaphore is one it is assumed that no task has taken it and that it has been released. When the value is 0 it is assumed that it has been taken. Counting semaphore Counting semaphore is a semaphore which can be taken and given number of times. Counting semaphores are unsigned integers. 7. What is Priority inversion? A problem in which a low priority task in advertently does not release the process for a higher priority task. 8. What is Deadlock situation? A set of processes or threads is
- 3. deadlocked when each process or thread is waiting for a resource to be freed which is controlled by another process. 8. Define Message Queue. A task sending the multiple FIFO or priority messages into a queue for use by another task using queue messages as an input. 9. What are the goals of RTOS? Facilitating easy sharing of resources Facilitating easy implantation of the application software Maximizing system performance Providing management and organization functions for the devices and files and file like devices. Portability Interoperability Providing common set of interfaces. 10. What is RTOS? An RTOS is an OS for response time controlled and event controlled processes. RTOS is an OS for embedded systems, as these have real time programming issues to solve. 11. Write short notes on Vxworks? Vxworks is a popular Real-time multi-tasking operating system for embedded microprocessors and systems. Vxworks can run on many target processors. It is a UNIX like Real time operating system. More Reliable. More faster. 12. What is sophisticated multitasking embedded system? A system that has multitasking needs with multiple features and in which the tasks have deadlines that must be adhered to. 13. What is MICRO C/OS II? It stands for micro-controller operating system (UC/OS II). It is a real time kernel. The other names of MICROC/OS II are MUCOS and UCOS. The codes are in ‘C’ and Assembly language. 14. Define Pipe. Pipe is a section of the shared memory used by processes for communicating. Pipes follow the client server architecture. Pipes can be either unidirectional or bi directional information flow. 15. What is meant by Multitasking? The ability of an OS to hold multiple processes in memory and switch the CPU from executing one process to another process is known as multitasking. 16. Define Context Switching. The act of Switching CPU among the processes or changing the current execution Context is known as context switching. 17. What is meant by Message Passing? Message Passing is a synchronous or asynchronous information exchange mechanism used for Inter process communication or Thread communication.