Embedded systems presentation power point.ppt

Case Study of:
Smart card System
Application
Washing Machine
Automotive Application
UNIT – V
EMBEDDED SYSTEM APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT

Introduction:
A smart card stores and process information
through the electronic circuits embedded in
silicon.
It is in the plastic substrate of its body.
A smart card is a portable and tamper-resistant
computer.
Unlike magnetic stripe cards, smart cards carry
both processing power and information.
Therefore, they do not require access to remote
databases at the time of a transaction.
A smart card is a device that includes an
SMART CARD

Introduction:
It can be either a secure microcontroller or
equivalent intelligence with internal memory or a
memory chip alone.
The card connects to a reader with direct
physical contact or with a remote contactless
radio frequency interface.
A Smart card is a portable device that contains
some non-volatile memory and a
microprocessor.
This card contains some kind of an encrypted
key.
SMART CARD

Smart Card Requirements
Purpose
Enabling authentication and verification of card
and card holder by a host.
Enabling GUI at host machine to interact with the
card holder/user for the required transactions
For example, financial transactions with a bank
or credit card transactions.
Inputs
Received header and messages at IO port from
host through the antenna
SMART CARD

Internal Signals, Events and Notifications
 On power up, radiation-powered charge pump
supply of the card activated.
 A signal to start the system boot program at reset
task.
 Card start request header message to
task_ReadPort from reset Task
 Host authentication request request Start message
to task_ReadPort from reset Task to enable requests
for Port_IO
 User PW verification message (notification) through
Port_IO from host Card application close request
SMART CARD

Outputs
Transmitted headers and messages at Port_IO
through antenna
Control panel
No control panel is at the card.
The control panel and GUIs activate at the host
machine (for example, at ATM or credit card
reader)
SMART CARD

Functions of the system
The card inserts at a host machine.
The radiations from the host activate a charge
pump at the card.
The charge pump powers the SoC circuit
consisting of card processor, memory, timer,
interrupt handler and IO port.
On power up, system reset signals reset Task to
start.
The reset Task sends the messages request
Header and request start for waiting task
task_ReadPort.
SMART CARD

Functions of the system
IO the host-identification message and request
for card identification.
Task_PW sends through Port_IO the requested
card identification after system receives the host
identity through Port_IO.
 Task_Appl then runs required API.
The request Appl Close message closes the
application.
The card can now be withdrawn
 All transactions between card holder / user now
takes place through GUIs using at the host
SMART CARD

Design metrics
Power Source and Dissipation: Radiation
powered contact less
Code size: optimum. card system memory
needs should not exceed 64 Kb memory
File system(s): Three-layered file system for
data.
File management: There is either a fixed length
file management or a variable file length
management
Microcontroller hardware: Generates distinct
coded physical addresses for the program and
SMART CARD

Design metrics
Extendibility: The system expiry date is
extendable by transactions and authorization of
master control unit (for example bank service).
Performance: Less than 1s for transferring
control from the card to host machine.
Process Deadlines: None.
User Interfaces: At host machine, graphic at
LCD or touch screen display on LCD and
commands for card holder (card user)
transactions.
Engineering Cost and Manufacturing Cost
SMART CARD

Smart Card Hardware:
1. ROM Contains:
i. Fabrication key and Personalization key (after
insertion of this key, RTOS and application use
only the logical addresses)
ii. RTOS codes
iii. Application codes
iv. Utilization lock
SMART CARD

2. EEPROM or Flash scalable memory:
Post activation application run generated non-
volatile data, invalidation lock to invalidate card
after the expiry date or server instruction.
Smart Card Devices
SMART CARD

Basic Card Types
Smart cards fall into several groups.
They can be divided into memory cards and
microprocessor cards.
Smart cards can also be categorized into contact
cards and contactless cards.
It is based on the difference in the card access
mechanism.
SMART CARD

Types of cards:
1. Contact Cards
2. Contact less
3. Dual Interface cards
4. Hybrid cards
SMART CARD

SOFTWARE PARTS OF CARDS:
Needs cryptographic software, needs special
features in its operating system.
Protected environment -OS stored in the
protected part of ROM.
 A restricted run-time environment.
Three-layered file system for the data.
Master file to store all file headers (file status,
access conditions and the file lock)
SMART CARD

Communication protocol:
A link-level communication protocol resides
directly on top of the physical channel, providing
error-free communication between the reader
and the Smartcard
 ISO 7816-4 protocols
 File system API providing a set of functions to
manipulate files (for example read, write, select,
etc.).
Security service API allowing the Smartcard and
the reader to mutually authenticate themselves
and also to encrypt data to be exchanged
between the card and the reader.
SMART CARD

How Does Smart Card Work?
Steps Followed:
Card is inserted in the terminal
Card gets power. OS boots up. Sends ATR
(Answer to reset)
ATR negotiations take place to set up data
transfer speeds, capability negotiations etc.
Terminal sends first command to select MF
(Master File)
Card responds with an error (because MF
selection is only on password presentation)
Terminal prompts the user to provide password
SMART CARD

How Does Smart Card Work?
Terminal sends password for verification
Card verifies PW. Stores a status “PW Verified”.
Responds “OK”
Terminal sends command to select MF again
Card responds “OK”
Terminal sends command to read EF1
Card supplies personal data and responds “OK
SMART CARD

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