Emerging Media & Technologies lecture
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Emerging Media & Technologies lecture, February 2013. Designing technology for understanding and changing the city.
![The 3rd paradigm We begin with the recognition that one of the themes
One set of issues arises out of work in ubiquitous computing that underlies the 3rd paradigm is a focus on embodied
which suggests a renewed centrality for the usecontext interaction. Embodiment, of course, also plays a role
of computing. While context could be sidelined in the 1st and 2nd paradigms. In human factors, attention
to some extent in looking at the desktop interface, the is paid to such factors as the fit of a mouse to the
appearance of computing embedded everywhere in human hand or the amenability of particular font sizes
both work and personal life has raised the context of to be easily read. Cognitively based work in HCI has
computing to a central problem for ubicomp design. laid out physical constraints that usefully inform interface
[…] design such as the speed at which humans are
A fourth set of issues arises out of the domain of nontask- able to react in various situations. Embodiment in the
oriented computing. These approaches tend to 3rd paradigm is based on a different, central stance
be bad fits to the 1st and 2nd paradigms, whose methods drawing on phenomenology: that the way in which we
tend to require problems to be formalized and expressed come to understand the world, ourselves, and
in terms of tasks, goals and efficiency - precisely interaction derives crucially from our location in a
what non-task-oriented approaches are intended physical and social world as embodied actors.
to question. It is difficult, for example, to apply usability
studies to ambient interfaces, since standard … thinking is also achieved through doing things in
evaluation techniques are ‘task-focused’ in the sense of the world, for example expression through gestures,
asking users to pay attention to and evaluate the interface, learning through manipulation, or thinking through
precisely what the system is devised to avoid. building prototypes.
Last, yet another set of issues arise out of the marginalization THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANING
of emotion in classic cognitive work. A wide The 1st paradigm tends to take a pragmatic approach to
range of approaches to emotion, notably those of meaning, ignoring it unless it causes a problem, while
Picard [25] and Norman [24], has been inspired by the 2nd interprets meaning in terms of information
more recent cognitive psychology, which argues that flows. The 3rd paradigm, in contrast, sees meaning and
emotion plays a central role in cognition and models meaning construction as a central focus. It adopts the
emotion as a type of information flow. stance that meaning is constructed on the fly, often
collaboratively, by people in specific contexts and
Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007) situations, and therefore that interaction itself is an
essential element in meaning construction. Meaning
derives from information, of course, but in this perspective
cannot be summed up by mapping information
flow; it is, instead, irreducibly connected to the viewpoints,
interactions, histories, and local resources available
to those making sense of the interface and therefore
to some extent beyond the reach of formalization.
Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007)
Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007)
source: janetnewenham.wordpress.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/emergingmediavideolecture-130212040924-phpapp01/85/Emerging-Media-Technologies-lecture-10-320.jpg)
Emerging Media & Technologies lecture
- 1. Emerging Media & Technology 2013 Dynamiek in de Stad Peter van Waart CMI | Creating 010 februari 2013
- 2. Peter van Waart Hoofddocent Communication & Multimedia Design Instituut voor Communicatie, Media en Informatietechnologie Onderzoeker Human Centered ICT Kenniscentrum Creating 010 PhD-student, Industrieel Ontwerpen, TU Delft peter@vanwaart.com p.van.waart@hr.nl @petervanwaart http://nl.linkedin.com/in/petervanwaart
- 3. Hoeveel technologie (software, sensoren, netwerken, beeldschermen, data) zou er wel niet aanwezig zijn in 1 km3 van Rotterdam?
- 4. Pervasive Technology image: http://www.photoeverywhere.co.uk
- 5. Pervasive Technology -‘allesdoordringend’ - niet alleen doordrongen in fysieke omgeving, maar ook doordrongen in onze leefwijze en gebruiken Ubiquitous Computing - ‘alomtegenwoordig’ - overal en altijd aanwezig - veel gebruikt voor verbindingen, netwerken Ambient Intelligence - meestal gebruikt voor bv. huishoudelijk apparatuur
- 9. The 1st paradigm, an amalgam of engineering and human factors, saw interaction as a form of man-machine coupling in ways inspired by industrial engineering and ergonomics. The goal of work in this paradigm, then, is to optimize the fit between humans and machines Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007) F16 fighter jet cockpit (source: http://fighterjet1.blogspot.nl) The 2nd paradigm, in contrast, is organized around a central metaphor of mind and computer as symmetric, coupled information processors. At the center is a set of information processing phenomena or issues in computers and users such as ‘how does information get in’, ‘what transformations does it undergo’, ‘how does it go out again,’ ‘how can it be communicated efficiently’ etc. Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007) Macintosh computer interface (source: www.computerhistory.org)
- 10. The 3rd paradigm We begin with the recognition that one of the themes One set of issues arises out of work in ubiquitous computing that underlies the 3rd paradigm is a focus on embodied which suggests a renewed centrality for the usecontext interaction. Embodiment, of course, also plays a role of computing. While context could be sidelined in the 1st and 2nd paradigms. In human factors, attention to some extent in looking at the desktop interface, the is paid to such factors as the fit of a mouse to the appearance of computing embedded everywhere in human hand or the amenability of particular font sizes both work and personal life has raised the context of to be easily read. Cognitively based work in HCI has computing to a central problem for ubicomp design. laid out physical constraints that usefully inform interface […] design such as the speed at which humans are A fourth set of issues arises out of the domain of nontask- able to react in various situations. Embodiment in the oriented computing. These approaches tend to 3rd paradigm is based on a different, central stance be bad fits to the 1st and 2nd paradigms, whose methods drawing on phenomenology: that the way in which we tend to require problems to be formalized and expressed come to understand the world, ourselves, and in terms of tasks, goals and efficiency - precisely interaction derives crucially from our location in a what non-task-oriented approaches are intended physical and social world as embodied actors. to question. It is difficult, for example, to apply usability studies to ambient interfaces, since standard … thinking is also achieved through doing things in evaluation techniques are ‘task-focused’ in the sense of the world, for example expression through gestures, asking users to pay attention to and evaluate the interface, learning through manipulation, or thinking through precisely what the system is devised to avoid. building prototypes. Last, yet another set of issues arise out of the marginalization THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANING of emotion in classic cognitive work. A wide The 1st paradigm tends to take a pragmatic approach to range of approaches to emotion, notably those of meaning, ignoring it unless it causes a problem, while Picard [25] and Norman [24], has been inspired by the 2nd interprets meaning in terms of information more recent cognitive psychology, which argues that flows. The 3rd paradigm, in contrast, sees meaning and emotion plays a central role in cognition and models meaning construction as a central focus. It adopts the emotion as a type of information flow. stance that meaning is constructed on the fly, often collaboratively, by people in specific contexts and Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007) situations, and therefore that interaction itself is an essential element in meaning construction. Meaning derives from information, of course, but in this perspective cannot be summed up by mapping information flow; it is, instead, irreducibly connected to the viewpoints, interactions, histories, and local resources available to those making sense of the interface and therefore to some extent beyond the reach of formalization. Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007) Harrison, Sengers & Tatar (2007) source: janetnewenham.wordpress.com
- 11. Essentie Naarmate pervasive technology toeneemt, wordt de impact ervan op de manier waarop wij betekenis geven aan ons leven en onze leefomgeving groter.
- 12. Onwikkeling van pervasive technology lijkt zich wel autonoom te voltrekken. Iedereen levert een kleine bijdrage maar het totaal lijkt zich zelf te ontwikkelen. Hoe draag jij bij aan de koers en de effecten ervan? En vooral, hoe maak jij het betekenisvol voor mensen? Kevin Kelly ziet deze technologische ontwikkeling zelfs als een levend organisme. Kevin Kelly, TEDx http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_kelly_tells_technology_s_epic_story.html
- 13. Kritiek op technologie in onze omgeving. Modern Times (Charlie Chaplin, 1924) Technologie vervreemd je van de werkelijkheid. Je doet wel wat maar je weet niet wat daarvan het doel of effect is. http://www.youtube.com/v/IjarLbD9r30?fs=1&hl=en_US Metropolis (Fritz Lang, 1929) Technologie als mythisch wezen dat ons overheerst en waarvoor je soms offers brengt. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPNaaogT8fs Minority Report (Steven Spielberg, 2002) Technologie als commercieel tool om gepersonificeerde reclame te verspreiden. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bXJ_obaiYQ
- 16. Waarmee moet je rekening houden voor betekenisvol ontwerpen? 1. Van dingen maken naar beleving veroorzaken 2. Beleving hangt af van waarden
- 17. Experiences Services Brewed coffee Goods Packaged coffee Commodities Coffee beans Pine & Gilmore (1999)
- 18. Van dingen maken … Product design Product experience Product Dienst Beleid Communicatie Hardware Infrastructuur Protocollen ….. …..
- 19. … naar beleving creëren Experience design Product design Product experience Product Dienst Beleid Communicatie Hardware Infrastructuur Protocollen ….. …..
- 20. Microsoft Research: Harper, Rodden, Rogers, Sellen (2008)
- 21. Sleeswijk Visser et al. (2005) why, why, why...
- 22. Waarden bepalen beleving experience human values things Inspired by P. Desmet: Model of product emotions. 2002. TU Delft.
- 24. Voorbeelden: Concepten van studenten Emerging Media ‘Open Data’ How did it start? Greenway: groene fietsroutes Hergebruik Gemeente- archief voor persoonlijk Studeerplekken app voor familie-album Bibliotheek Rotterdam Rotterdam Onbeperkt: toegankelijkheid voor rolstoelgebruikers
- 26. Ambient LED Sphere Education Integration https://vimeo.com/51220031
- 27. RUIMTE EN TIJD
- 28. Waarmee moet je rekening houden bij het ontwerpen voor interactie in ruimte en over tijd
- 32. User experience over time Figure 1. Temporality of experience, consisting of three main forces, an increasing familiarity, functional dependency and emotional attachment, all responsible for shifting users’ experience across three phases: orientation, incorporation and identification. In each phase, different product qualities are appreciated. Karapanos. E., Zimmerman J., Forlizzi J., & Martens, J.B. Experience Over Time: An Initial Framework . CHI 2009, April 4–9, 2009, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Copyright 2009 ACM 978-1-60558-246-7/09/04
- 35. Nederland van Boven (VPRO) http://nederlandvanboven.vpro.nl/afleveringen/overzicht.html Little Big Berlin (video gemaakt met tilt-shift-techniek) https://vimeo.com/14014317 MIT Senseable City Lab (real-time patronen en ritmes in de stad) http://senseable.mit.edu/
- 36. Ontwerprichtlijnen A. Pervasive systemen en applicaties zijn uiteindelijk het meest van betekenis (meaningful) als zij versterking geven aan: - sociaal kapitaal en collectief eigendom - gemeenschappelijke doelen en waarden - een norm van wederkerigheid Carroll, J.M. & Mentis, in: Schifferstein et al., 2008 B. Ontwerp niet voor de interactie van het ogenblik, maar voor interactie over tijd: een dag, een week, een jaar, … C. Ontwerp niet alleen voor de bekende beeldschermen, maar maak gebruik van technologie in de ruimte (nabij je lichaam zoals wearables of verder weg zoals sensoren)