EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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This document discusses emerging trends in electrical engineering. It describes an international journal called IJETEE that tracks research in emerging fields like renewable energy, power and communications, electric power generation, and others. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass are discussed in more detail, noting their benefits as abundant and clean sources but also the high initial costs and intermittency issues of some. New transmission technologies using gas insulation and HVDC are also covered along with developments in distributed generation and combined cycle power plants.
EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
- 1. EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING By Anant Vyas Dhaval Jethava
- 2. IJETEE (INTERNATIONALJOURNALOF EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECRICALENGINEERING) • It is international forum which tracks the latest online research journal related to emerging trends in electrical and electronics engineering . Its headquarters is set in USA . • It is an research forum for all students and researchers faculties and academicians .
- 3. Emerging fields are : • Renewable energy • Power and communications • Electric power generation • Power quality and power electronics • Electric traction • Fuels and battery • Electrical measurement • Micro electric system • High voltage engineering • Turbine system and many more
- 4. Renewable Energy • Renewable energy is the energy which is generated from natural sources. • i.e. sun, wind, rain, tides and can be generated again and again as and when required. • They are available in plenty and by far most the cleanest sources of energy available on this planet. For e.g. energy that we receive from the sun can be used to generate electricity. • Similarly, energy from wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be used to fulfil our daily energy demands.
- 5. Renewable energy sources We know that 70% of energy comes from fossil fuels .Growing dependency on fossil fuels will cost us dearly and a lot. So there is need of Renewable energy to compensate the energy requirement of the developing countries therefore there are some resources which is required to explored and developed so that cost of energy will be less .
- 7. Pros Here are some of the pros and cons of using renewable sources of energy:- • The sun, wind, geothermal, ocean energy are available in the abundant quantity and free to use. • The non-renewable sources of energy that we are using are limited and are bound to expire one day. • Renewable sources have low carbon emissions, therefore they are considered as green and environment friendly. • Renewable helps in stimulating the economy and creating job opportunities. The money that is used to build these plants can provide jobs to thousands to millions of people.
- 8. • You don’t have to rely on any third country for the supply of renewable sources as in case of non-renewable sources. • Renewable sources can cost less than consuming the local electrical supply. In the long run, the prices of electricity are expected to soar since they are based on the prices of crude oil, so renewable sources can cut your electricity bills. • Various tax incentives in the form of tax waivers, credit deductions are available for individuals and businesses who want to go green.
- 9. cons • It is not easy to set up a plant as the initial costs are quite steep. • Solar energy can be used during the day time and not during night or rainy season. • Geothermal energy which can be used to generate electricity has side effects too. It can bring toxic chemicals beneath the earth surface onto the top and can create environmental changes. • Hydroelectric provide pure form of energy but building dams across the river which is quite expensive can affect natural flow and affect wildlife. • To use wind energy, you have to rely on strong winds therefore you have to choose suitable site to operate them.
- 10. Solar energy It is the most clean form of energy in world Its supplies are unlimited and abundant. Its installation is once then no recurring cost Solar energy works by converting the suns rays into hot air for heating
- 11. Wind energy Wind power is growing at a rate of 30% a year and is harmless to the environment. There are three minor problems with wind energy however, wind is not available in sufficient quantities in all locations all of the time. The current turbine technology tends to be loud, and birds can sometimes fly into the propellers and get killed. Advancements in technologies are helping to solve or minimize these issues.
- 12. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy is power extracted stored under the earth’s crust. This power source from heat is generally cost sustainable, and generally environmentally friendly. Historically, effective, usually reliable, mostly geothermal energy extraction has been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent advances in technology have significantly widened the range of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating.
- 13. Biomass energy Biomass is biological material from recently living or currently living organisms such as trees and landfill gasses and alcohol fuels creating from crops such as corn. Burning grease or ethanol derived from corn to run a vehicle are two common examples of biomass energy production.
- 14. New Transmission Technologies High Voltage Overhead Transmission -Voltage up to 1100 kV -High EM radiation and noise -High corona loss -More ROW clearance Gas Insulated Cables/Transmission lines HVDC-Light Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
- 15. Gas insulated Transmission Lines Benefits of GITL - Low resistive losses (reduced by factor 4) - Low capacitive losses and less charging current - No external electromagnetic fields - No correction of phase angle is necessary even for long distance transmission - No cooling needed - No danger of fire - Short repair time - Lower total life cycle costs.
- 16. Developments in Generation side Power reformer Energy System Distributed Generations - Wind Power - Fuel Cells - Biomass etc. Combined Cycle Power Plants
- 17. Electricity Market is very risky Electricity is not storable in bulk quantity End user demand is typically constant Trading is directly related to the reliability of the grid Demand and supply should be exact Electricity prices are directly related with other volatile market participants Cost of continuity is more than cost of electric.
- 18. Power reformer Benefits Higher performance (availability, overload) Environmental improvement Lower weight Less total space requirement Lower cost for Civil Works Less maintenance Reduced losses Lower investment Lower LCC