Energy efficient routing protocol
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The document reviews energy conservation strategies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), emphasizing their distributed nature and applications such as environmental monitoring. It discusses major design challenges, power consumption issues, and techniques for energy saving, including duty cycling and data-driven approaches. Despite promising strategies to improve energy efficiency, the document concludes that challenges remain in optimizing resource use within sensor networks.
Energy efficient routing protocol
- 1. A Review of Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks Guided By: Presented By: Dr. Ajit Kumar Nayak Jogeswar Tripathy Associate Professor & HOD Regd no: 1361025014 Dept. of CSIT M.Tech(2nd sem.),CSI 1Saturday 21 February 2015
- 2. Outline • What are WSNs • Applications of WSNs • Advantages of using WSNs • Design Issues of WSNs • Power consumption in WSN • Sources of energy waste • General approaches to energy saving • Conclusion 2Saturday 21 February 2015
- 3. What are WSNs? • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): – Highly distributed networks of small, lightweight wireless nodes, – Deployed in large numbers, – Monitors the environment or system by measuring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity. • Node: – sensing + processing + communication 3Saturday 21 February 2015
- 4. Saturday 21 February 2015 4 WSN General Architecture Fig:1(Block diagram of sensor node) 4Saturday 21 February 2015
- 5. 5 Wireless Sensor Network Sensor nodes scattered in a sensor field Each nodes has the capabilities to collect data and route data back to the sink (Base Station). Protocols and algorithms with self-organization capabilities. Saturday 21 February 2015 Fig:2(Nodes scattered in a sensor field) 5
- 6. Many Applications of WSN 6Saturday 21 February 2015 Fig:3(Various Applications of WSN)
- 7. Advantages of using WSN • Fast, easy and flexible deployment • Reduced cost-of-ownership • Scalability • Mobility of nodes • Work under harsh conditions • Ability to deal with node failures • Dynamic network topology • Heterogeneity of nodes 7Saturday 21 February 2015
- 8. 8 Design Issues of WSNs The main design goals of WSNs is to carry out data communication while trying to prolong the lifetime of the network and prevent connectivity degradation by employing aggressive energy management techniques Saturday 21 February 2015 Fig:4(Architecture of a typical WSNs) 8
- 9. Challenges of WSNs: Constraints, as within, so without Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Application Layer WSN 9Saturday 21 February 2015 Fig:5(Challenges of WSNs)
- 10. Power consumption in WSN 10Saturday 21 February 2015 The power issue in the wireless sensor network is one of the biggest challenges, because the sensor has a limited source of power which is also hard for replace or recharge. “e.g. Sensors in the battlefield , Sensors in a large forest etc.” Why limited source of power? – Inexpensive nature. – Limited size and weight. – Redundant nature.
- 11. Useful power consumption: • Transmitting or receiving data. • Processing query requests. • Forwarding queries and data to the neighbors. Saturday 21 February 2015 11 Major Sources of energy waste in WSNs
- 12. 12Saturday 21 February 2015 Wasteful power consumption: • Idle listening to the channel “waiting for possible traffic. • Retransmitting because of collisions “e.g. two packets arrived at the same time at the same sensor”. • Overhearing “when a sensor received a packet doesn’t belong to it”. • Generating and handling control packets. • Over-emitting “when a sensor received a packet while It is not reached.” Major Sources of energy waste in WSNs
- 13. General approaches to energy saving 13Saturday 21 February 2015 We identify three main enabling techniques namely: • Duty cycling • Data-driven and • Mobility Fig:6(Different approaches)
- 14. Saturday 21 February 2015 14 Duty cycling Duty cycling can be achieved through two different and complementary approaches : • The first is topology control which reduces the number of nodes involved in forwarding and routing packets generated by the other nodes without reducing network connectivity and coverage. • The second method is a power management scheme which introduces MAC protocols and a wakeup scheduling scheme in which during idle state, a node sleeps in more slots and still maintains network connectivity. Saturday 21 February 2015 14
- 15. Saturday 21 February 2015 15 Data-driven There are two ways by which data driven approach affects energy consumption : • First it sorts out unneeded samples which results in useless energy consumption and stops them from being transmitted to the sink. • Secondly, it minimizes the power consumption of the sensing subsystem by keeping the accuracy of the sensor at a reasonable level. Saturday 21 February 2015 15
- 16. Saturday 21 February 2015 16 Mobility Mobility of sensor nodes can be achieved in different ways: • First, a mobilizer can be attached to a sensor which helps to change its location; however this movement is limited to few nodes which are not inhibited by energy. • Another method is to put sensors on mobile elements such as animals and cars. Saturday 21 February 2015 16
- 17. Saturday 21 February 2015 17 Conclusion: • Energy is one of the most critical resources for WSNs. Extensive research has been conducted to address these limitations by developing schemes that can improve resource efficiency. • In this seminar, we have summarized some research results which have been presented in the literature on energy saving methods in sensor networks. • Although many of these energy saving techniques look promising, there are still challenges that need to be solved in the sensor networks. Saturday 21 February 2015 17
- 18. Saturday 21 February 2015 18 References: Alippi C., Anastasi G., Francesco M.D. & Roveri M. (2009) “Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy-hungry Sensors” IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine Vol. 12, N. 2, pp. 16-23 Anastasi G., Coti M., Frrancesco M. & Passarella A.( 2009), “Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”, Elsever , Ad Hoc Network. Gandham S. R., Dawande M., Prakash R. & Venkatesan S.(2003), “Energy efficient schemes for wireless sensor networks with multiple mobile base stations”, Proc. of IEEE Globecom, vol. 1, pp. 377–381, San Francisco, CA . Saturday 21 February 2015 18
- 19. Thank you for listening! 19Saturday 21 February 2015
- 20. Saturday 21 February 2015 20 ???