Enlightenment lecture
- 1. The Enlightenment OF THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY
- 2. The Enlightenment Intellectual and philosophical movement characterized by the belief in the power of human reason and by innovation in political, religious, educational doctrine, and human rights. New ideas challenged old beliefs Emphasized reason above tradition Promoted scientific thought Latin for “dare to know” Enlightenment thinkers were also known as philosophes
- 3. WHERE? • EUROPE: • FRANCE • ENGLAND • GERMAN STATES • AMERICA • LATIN AMERICA
- 4. John Locke • BORN: 1632 • DIED: 1704 • English • Considered the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers • “Father of Liberalism” • “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (1689) • “Two Treatises of Government” (1690) • Individuals have both a right and a duty to preserve their own lives • Locke identified "life, liberty, and property” as natural rights
- 5. Montesquieu • Born: 1689 • Died:1755 • French nobleman • Published The Spirit of Laws which described the best way to rule government was through separation of powers
- 6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Born: 1712 Died: 1778 French Criticized the governance and idea of absolute kings. “The Social Contract” (1762) An agreement between government and individuals, in which sacrifices are made on behalf of the governed for protection is the basis of the social contract
- 8. Impact Social Changes: increased criticism towards the stratification of society Political Changes: separation of powers, French and American Revolutions Economic Changes: individual prosperity
- 9. **Selected segments of video will be shared
- 10. 3-2-1 Exit Ticket SHARE 3 NEW IDEAS OR WORDS YOU LEARNED SHARE 2 INTERESTING FACTS YOU DID NOT KNOW ASK 1 QUESTION YOU STILL HAVE