Environment pollution & control
- 3. Presentation Topic: Environment & water
- 4. Department of textile engineering Course code: tex 42o5 Course Title: Environment pollution & its control Presented By : Name :Md.Al-Amin ID No : BTX 140100328 Name :Md.Ashraful Islam 05ID No : BTX 140100342 Venue: Permanent Campus,NUB Date:19-02-2017
- 5. Environment: All materials or things surrounding of the universe is called environment. Like as Air, Water, Soil, Forest (Tree, Plants), Mountain, Animal (Domestic live, Wild live, Aquatic live), Human being etc.
- 6. The two major classifications of environment are: • (A) Physical Environment: External physical factors like Air, Water, and Land etc. This is also called the Abiotic Environment. • (B) Living Environment: All living organisms around us . plants, animals, and,Microorganisms. This is also called the Biotic Environment. Environment:
- 7. Environmental segments: Earth’s environment can be further subdivided into the following four segments its called environmental segment: • Atmosphere. • Hydrosphere. • Lithosphere. • Biosphere. Environment:
- 8. 1.Atmosphere: • The air envelope surrounding the earth is known as Atmosphere. This protective envelop surrounding earth sustain life on earth and protect us from unfriendly environment of outer space. Environment:
- 9. The composition of the atmosphere is given in Table: Atmosphere : Constituent Volume % Nitrogen 78.1 Oxygen 20.9 Water vapour 0.1-5 Argon 0.9 Carbon dioxide 0.03 Trace contituents* Balance
- 10. Major Component of Atmosphere: Atmosphere : Nitrogen N2 78.08% Oxygen O2 20.95% Argone Ar o.93%
- 11. Minor Component of Atmosphere: Atmosphere : Water H2O 0-4% Carbon dioxide CO2 325 ppm Neon Ne 18 ppm Helium He 5 ppm Methane CH4 2 ppm Krypton Kr 1 ppm Hydrogen H 0.5 ppm Nitrous oxide N2O 0.3 ppm Carbon monoxide CO 0.05-0.2 ppm Ozone O3 0.02-10 ppm Xenon Xe 0.08 ppm
- 12. Threshold Limit Value (TLV) It indicates the permissible level of a toxic pollution in atmosphere ,up to this level It is not harmful to environment. Example: Be .002 mg /m3 Zn 1 mg / m3 Ar.005 mg / m3 Atmosphere :
- 13. Trace of Atmosphere: Atmosphere : Trace Components Ammonia NH3 4 ppb Nitrogen oxide NO 1 ppb Sulfur dioxide SO2 1 ppb Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0.05ppb
- 14. The Structure of the Atmosphere: The atmosphere is broadly divided into four major zones. • Troposphere, • Stratosphere, • Mesosphere and • Thermosphere. Atmosphere :
- 15. 2.Hydrosphere: It covers more than 75% of the earth surface either as oceans or as fresh water. Hydrosphere includes sea, rivers, oceans, lakes, ponds, streams etc. Environment:
- 16. As can be seen, only 1% of the total water supply is available as fresh water in the form of rivers, lakes, streams and ground water for human. Hydrosphere
- 17. The extent of the use of available fresh water for various purposes is shown in the following figure Hydrosphere
- 18. 3.Lithosphere: • It means the mantle of rocks constituting the earth’s crust. The solid component of the earth is called Lithosphere, which includes soil, earth, rocks and mountains etc. Environment:
- 19. The lithosphere mainly contains three layers Inner and Outer Core: Mantle: Crust: About 2500km from the centre It is about 2900-3000 km above the core in molten state. Outermost solid zone about 8-40 km above mantle. Lithosphere
- 20. Element of the Earths crust Elements of the earth crust % Oxygen 46.6 Silicon 27.7 Aluminum 8.1 Iron 5 Calcium 3.6 Sodium 2.8 Potassium 2.6 Magnesium 2.1 Miscellaneous 1.4 Lithosphere
- 21. 4.Biosphere: Biosphere is biological envelope that surrounds the globe, containing and able to support. It is a zone which is reaching about 10 km into the atmosphere and down to the deepest ocean floor. Within the biosphere the basic unit of analysis or study is the ecosystem. Environment:
- 22. Biosphere
- 23. Contamination: • If any foreign particle is added to anything is called Contamination. Contamination is the presence of minor constituent in another chemical/mixture often at the trace. Environment:
- 24. Pollution: If any substance is present in our Atmosphere, if the concentration of that substance is increased by human activities, natured reason then it is detrimental to human being forests. Environment:
- 25. Sink: • It is just a reservoir of different pollutions. • H2SO4 + CaCO3 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O • A marble will act as a sink for atmospherir H2SO4 and get damaged. Environment:
- 26. Water: • Water is one of the most important natural resource .Surface water, rain water, under ground water,being used in the process of industry. • The water available from different water sources cannot be used directly in textile industry because the hardness of water.Hard water is not suitable for textile processing.Treated water can be used as solvent in a direct or indirect way.
- 27. Hardness of water: • Hardness of water is due to presence of sulphates,chlorides,carbonates and bicarbonates salts of heavy metals like Ca 2+gM,2+cte. • there are two types of hardness,Temporary and Permanent hardness. • Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling hard water or by Clark,s process(adding Ca(OH)2 with hard water. • Permanent hardness can be removed by the addition of sodium carbonate(Na2CO 3noglaC yb ro )ssecorp . Water
- 28. Water Treatment Plant(WTP): • The treated water is called “De-mineralized Water or Soft Water” and the plant where it is treated is called Water Treatment Plant. • The objective of water treatment plant is to remove hardness dna retaw fo produce the feed water for different industrial process. • If proper treatment is not done for water then Corrosion, Scaling, Microbiological contaminants and fouling will occur in the system. Water
- 29. WetProcessing: • The processing of textiles which is carried out by water and different chemical agent is called textile wet processing. • Multi stage operations are involved in the chemical processing of textiles : Water
- 30. • -Sizing (Starch,Gum,PVC,CMC,Gule etc are size material) • -Desizing(to remove size material from the fabric, yarn) • -Scouring(It is done to remove wax,oil,dust etc from the fiber) • -Bleaching(H2O 2lCOaN,lC)lCO(aC,cte .) • -Mercerising • -Dyeing • -Finishing etc WetProcessing
- 31. Influent(waste water): • Waste water is any water has been adversely in quality by anthropogenic influence. It is usually products of otherwise purposeful human activities. Water
- 32. Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP): • ETP or Effluent Treatment Plant is used to treat the industrial waste water. • Wastewater is generated in the different processes and utility systems in Textile industry. • The effluent treatment plant is designed to treat the Influent (Waste water) coming from different areas of the plant. The treatment of different Influent varies with the type of Influent.After treatment of Influent the effluent can be directly discharge to the surface or reuse for dyeing by recycling. Water
- 33. Effluent: • Effluent is defined as waste water, treated or untreated that flows out of a treatment plant sewer or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters. • Or a liquid following from factory, chemical industry, home and other source in from of waste water is called effluent. Water
- 34. The cycle of water purification: Water
- 35. Water Wastage Characterization: • PH= 6-7 • BoD- Biochemical OxygenDemand = <50 mg/L • CoD-Chemical OxygenDemand= <200 mg/L • DO- Dissolved Oxygen= >5 mg/L • TDS- Total Dissolve Solid= <2100 mg/L • TSS- Total Suspended Solid= <150 mg/L • Grease and Oil= <10mg/L The effluent levels should achieve for direct discharge to surface water: Water
- 36. These values were given by Department of Environment (DoE) • Mercury should not be used in this process.The liquid efflient should not be colored. • The values of these components have to be kept in this area. If any value changes against the giving value then the water will not safe. Water
- 37. Marine Pollution • Marine Pollution (UN definition) “The introduction by man, directly, or indirectly, of substances or energy to the marine environment resulting in deleterious effects such as: hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, impairment of the quality of seawater for various uses and reduction of amenities.” Water
- 38. Types of Marine Pollution • Sedimentation • Agricultural runoff (herbicides, pesticides and nutrients) • Energy (thermal and light) • Sewage • Solid Waste • Chemicals, Metals and Radioactive Substances • Oil • Biological Marine Pollution
- 39. Major Marine Pollutants Worldwide • 10 billion tones of ballast water with invasive • 10,000 million gallons of sewage annually • 3.25 million metric tones of oil annually • Millions of tones of Solid waste Marine Pollution
- 40. Impacts of Marine Pollution Generally marine pollution affects ecosystem health, public health, recreational water quality Marine Pollution
- 41. Solutions to Pollution • Two main methods – Correction – costly and time intensive – Prevention – requires attitude changes Coastal Scientists believe that prevention is better than cure since the effects of marine pollution may be irreversible and we may therefore be creating everlasting damage to the marine ecosystem. “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” Marine Pollution
- 42. We are all responsible for keeping the oceans and beaches clean!
- 43. Refferences • http://www.mcsuk.org/marineworld/pollution.html • http://www.worldstats.org/general_world/principal • _environmental_treaties.html • http://www.cmc-ocean.org • http://www.oceanlink.island.net/ask/pollution.html
- 44. Summary In this presentation we have tried to give a short cut overview about environmental segments and water cycle. We have included some information about pollution and environmental terms,i hope it will help our job sectors. We have discussed about marine pollutions,its impact and possible solutions.
- 45. Thank you for your kind attention