Enzyme induction and repression
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Enzyme induction occurs when a molecule like a drug binds to and increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme, causing it to be expressed at higher levels. This allows enzymes to kick into production when needed. Enzyme repression is when an effector binds to the operator of a gene and prevents the binding of RNA polymerase, reducing expression of the enzyme. Understanding enzyme induction and repression is important for analyzing drug reactions and toxicity by regulating metabolic pathways and hormone production.
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Enzyme induction and repression
- 1. Enzyme induction and repression BY S.SRIVIDHYA III BIOCHEMISTRY
- 2. What is Enzyme Induction? A process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme. An enzyme inducer is a type of drug which binds to an enzyme and increases its metabolic activity. Regulated by exposure to drugs and environmental chemicals leading to increased rates of metabolism. Example: lac operon
- 3. Enzymes that are susceptible to induction are said to be “inducible” enzymes kick into production when needed, remain dormant otherwise. Enzyme induction can increase the metabolic clearance of a concomitantly administered drug, resulting in reduced efficacy, which may comprise the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug.
- 4. What is Enzyme Repression? Effectors can associate with the operator and alter the configuration so that the binding of the polymerase occurs less efficiently or not at all. This effect is known as repression. Example: trp operon Feedback inhibition Prevents wasting of energy
- 7. Importance of enzyme induction Essential to understand various reactions that occur inside the body Important to analyse drug reaction Study toxicity Causes less or over production of hormones
- 9. Inducer molecule merges with ‘repressor’-induction Repressor binds to ‘operator’- repression