Epigenetics[1]
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This document discusses epigenetics and how it relates to DNA and gene expression. It provides an overview of epigenetics, noting that epigenetics causes changes in phenotype without altering the genotype. Environmental factors like toxins, diet, and stress can prompt epigenetic changes that affect gene expression and may impact future generations. The document discusses studies on agouti mice that showed how a mother's diet could affect the fur and health of her offspring through epigenetic changes, as well as how an agricultural fungicide affected sperm counts in male rats for multiple generations. It also describes the two main epigenetic mechanisms of DNA methylation and histone modifications that can alter gene expression patterns.
Epigenetics[1]
- 1. DNA is not Destiny Epigentics Dennis Lloyd Shubhda Roy
- 2. DNA is not Destiny Agenda – Overview of Epigenetics – Environment – Agouti Mice – MethDataBase – Walkthrough
- 3. DNA is not Destiny Overview- Epigenetic inheritance • Darwinian Gene Centric - evolutionary theory is limited in scope. • Someone said “The genetic blueprint, is like a complex musical score, remains lifeless without an orchestra of cells (players) and epigenotypes (instruments) to express it. “ • Epigentics causes change in gene function or phenotype change without changing the actual DNA i.e genotype. • Historical –theory held that – each undifferentiated cell undergoes crisis which determines its fate. This was not inherited through genes, and was called Epigenetic.
- 4. DNA is not Destiny • Hundred of cell in human body – all start out from the same point • Liver and cells contain same DNA, but functionality is different • This information is stored in array of chemical markers called epigenome • Epigenome decide the fate of a cell by switching a gene on and off • Epigenome is the state of a cell
- 5. DNA is not Destiny Environment prompts epigenetic change • Epigentic can be caused by environment, toxins, diet – Plants have seasonal changes • flowering genes silenced in cold weather – Mother mouse licking the baby mice – Epigentic change can effect future generation • Agricultural fungicide - affected pregnant mother rats -brought down sperm count of male rats – for next four generation
- 6. DNA is not Destiny Diet of inbred mice affected future generation – Yellow fat mice known as ‘agouti mice’ – Agouti gene makes rodents yellow, ravenous and prone to cancer and diabetes – Fur of baby mice varies on methylation of agouti gene during embryonic growth – Pregnant mother fed a diet rich in methyl donors(folic acid, vitamin B12 ), small chemical clusters attach to a gene and turn it off. – Baby mice brown, and lived a long life unlike parents
- 7. DNA is not Destiny Overview- Epigenetic inheritance Epigentic factor can happen in two ways:- DNA methylation • Information is stored as (CH3) or methly group tagged on a nucleotide base • addition of methyl group to a particularbase –interferes with chemical signaling • Lackof (CH3) alters chromtin arrangement leading to gene silencing after cells divide • Too much hinders function of DNA repair gene like tumorsuppressors, leading to cancers
- 8. DNA is not Destiny Changing spatial patternsof DNA/Histone Code altered • DNA wrapped around histones • Need to unwound to be transcribed • physically blocking, giving access to gene affects the chemical signaling
- 9. DNA is not Destiny • jo MethDatabase
- 10. DNA is not Destiny
- 11. DNA is not Destiny
- 12. DNA is not Destiny
- 13. DNA is not Destiny Alignment of Sequences Showing Potential and Actual Methylation Sites
- 14. DNA is not Destiny Density Distribution of 52 Aligned Sequences
- 15. DNA is not Destiny Thanks