ERGONOMICS-LOGGING OPERATIONS
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Ergonomics aims to design workspaces to fit human abilities and limitations, reducing risk of injuries like musculoskeletal disorders. It applies principles from sciences like anatomy and psychology to arrange tasks, equipment, and environments. This maximizes productivity while minimizing risks by considering human factors and preventing issues like repetitive strain.
ERGONOMICS-LOGGING OPERATIONS
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- 2. Ergonomics is term comes from two Greek words - ergon (work) and nomos (Natural laws) which could be literallytranslated as the “studyofwork” What isErgonomics? 2
- 3. Ergonomics isa discipline that involves arranging the environmenttofit thepersoninit. In otherwords Ergonomics isthe science and the artof fitting thejob and the workplace toworkers needs. 3
- 4. • Ergonomics principles should be applied to reduce the riskof manual handling injury. • T hisapproach not only deliverslegal compliance, but will help reduce body-related sickness and absenteeism, lower healthcare costs, insurance premiums and compensation claims and improve the productivityof the workforce. 4
- 5. Not a single science, but the application of many scientific disciplines such as anatomy, anthropometry, physiology, experimental and behavioral psychology, occupational medicine and hygiene, pathology, sociology, learning techniques and engineering, as well as economics. 5
- 6. Objectives of Ergonomics? Ergonomics aims to create safe, comfortable and productive workspaces by bringing human abilities and limitations into the design of a workspace, including the individual’s body size, strength, skill,speed, sensory abilities (vision,hearing),and even attitudes. To maximize productivity while lowering the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). 9 25/10/2020 6
- 7. What does Ergonomics cover? Human factors professionals are concerned with a number of factors that are grouped under these headings: • The work and workplace - what people are asked to do (task/environment/equipment/systems) • People - who is doing it (competence/expectations/capability • Organization - how is the work organized, communicated, and managed (leadership/resources/communication/culture) 7
- 8. Elements of Ergonomics Ergonomics consists of two major elements, namely: 1) A technical part concerning the practical aspects of optimizing workplaces, machines, tools, etc., often called ‘Applied Ergonomics’ 2) A human part concerning the description and knowledge of physical and psychological characteristics of man, e.g. in terms of measures, reactions, needs, capacities and limitations 8
- 9. How does Ergonomics affect you? • It can help you do work safely • It can make you more comfortable • It can prevent injuries • Improve the performance and productivity • Improve the health & safety • Ergonomics can reduce the likelihood of an accident. • The study of ergonomics enables a person to know how to provide safety for a worker and his environment. 9
- 10. Typesof Ergonomics? Physical ergonomics is the human body’s responses to physical and physiological work loads. Repetitive strain injuries from repetition, vibration, force, and posture fallinto thiscategory. Cognitiveergonomics dealswith the mental processesand capacities of humanswhen at work. Mentalstrain from workload, decision making, human error, and training fall into this category. Organizational ergonomics deals with the organizational structures, policiesand processesin the work environment, such as shift work, scheduling, job satisfaction, motivation,supervision, teamwork, telecommuting, and ethics. 10
- 11. Ergonomics principles Ergonomics principles applied to: 1.ManualHandling 1. Reduce Bending Motions 2. Reduce T wisting Motions 3. Reduce Reaching Out Motions 2.Work Movementprocedures 1.Reduce Lifting and Lowering Forces 3.Work area layout Reduce Pushing and Pulling Forces‘ 4. Seated & Manual Handling workstation jobs Reduce carrying forces 5.Standing & ManualHandling workstation jobs 11
- 12. Organizations responsible for Ergonomics International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) International Ergonomics Association (IEA) International labor organization (ILO) 12
- 13. Various- aspects : • The job being done and the demands on the worker. • The equipment used. • The information used. • The physical environment. • The social environment. 13
- 14. Personal protective equipment that should be found in the average wood shop include: 1. Respirator – To be used when working with volatile compounds and high sawdust producing practices. These might include spray painting, sawing, sanding, wood treatments, paint stripper, etc. 2. Safety Glasses – Glasses will be your eyes final line of defense against any potentially damaging projectiles while wearing a pair of safety goggles over your glasses will add protections against dust and vapors also. 3. Gloves – To protect your hands against a wide range of injuries from splinters to cuts. Keeping in mind some power tools like table saws are not to be used while wearing gloves. Refer to the owners manual of individual tools to find out if it is safe to operate while wearing gloves. 4. Face shield – Similar to safety glasses but instead protect the entire face against projectiles. More often for grinding but can be very useful for a variety of practices. 5. Hearing protection – To be worn during any practice producing more than 85dB. There are many power tools in a woodworking shop that far exceed this threshold and should therefore only be operated with hearing protection intact. 6. Steel tip boots – Boots with steel caps protect against injury when dropping anything on your feet while some safety boots also offer a mid sole plate to protect against puncture from below. 14
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- 16. Types of Problems or Mismatches 1. Physical Size • Clearance Reach • Equipment Size • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2. Endurance 3. Strength • Force Requirements • Male/Female • Manual Materials Handling 4. Environmental • Noise • Lighting • Thermal • Chemical 5. Cognitive • Machine Pacing • Shift Work • Morale • Psychosocial 16
- 17. Correct & Incorrect Techniques 17
- 18. Types of Injuries • Muscle pain • Joint pain • Swelling • Numbness • Restricted motion • Repetitive stress injury • Repetitive motion injury • Cumulative trauma disorder • Musculoskeletal disorder 18
- 19. Effects of ergonomics related injuries Two classifications of ergonomic injuries Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD’s) Strains/Sprains –instantaneous Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD’s) Injury to soft tissue caused by prolonged exposure to multiple ergonomic risk factors Typically develop in small body segments (i.e. fingers, wrists, elbows, and neck) 19
- 20. Strains & Sprains Injury to connective tissue caused by single forceful event: lifting heavy objects in awkward position Common to large body segments (i.e. back, legs, and shoulders) Risk of injury increases with the presence of multiple risk factors 20
- 21. Ergonomists consider all the physical & psychological aspects of a person : • Body size and shape • Fitness and strength • Posture • The senses, especially vision, hearing and touch • The stresses and strains on muscles, joints, nerves. • Mental abilities • Personality • Knowledge • Experience. 21
- 22. What to do?? • Warm up & stretch before activities that are repetitive, static or prolonged. • Take frequent breaks from ANY sustained posture every 20-30 minutes. • Respect pain-positions or stop painful activity. • Recognize early signs of inflammatory process. 22
- 23. • Maintain erect position of back & neck with shoulders relaxed. • Position equipment & work directly in front of and close to your major tasks. • Keep upper arms close to the body, elbows 90-100 degrees. • Keep feet flat on floor, upper body weight resting on “sits bones”. • Wrists as neutral as possible; safe zone for wrist movement is 15 degrees in all directions 23
- 24. • Use the largest joints & muscles to do the job • Use 2 hands to lift rather than one, even with light objects and tasks. • Avoid lifting work the forearm in full pronation (palm down) or supination (palm up) • Slide or push & pull objects instead of lifting • Keep reaching to a minimum • Carry objects close to body at waist level Body Mechanics 24
- 25. Practice Wellness at Work and Home ! Exercise Nutrition Relaxation 25
- 26. The benefits of applying Ergonomic principles: - Maximize productivity, efficiency and quality. - Reduce MSD risk by eliminating or minimizing ergonomic risk factors. - Improve employee morale. - Cost savings associated with injury-related absenteeism, treatment, and new hire training. It can help you do work safely. It can make you more comfortable. It can prevent injuries. 26
- 27. Being inthese work positions for morethan 2hourstotalper day 1. Handsabove head 2. Back orneckbent forward more than 30degrees 3. Squatting & Kneeling 4. High hand force Awkward Posture? 27
- 28. Preventing and Minimizinginjuries • T ake shortbreakshourly. • Every5minutes,look away from the screen and focus your eyes on something in the distance. • Warm up & stretchbefore activitiesthat are repetitive,static or prolonged. • Take frequent breaksfrom any sustained posture every 20-30minutes. • Respect pain-positions or stoppainfulactivity. • Be aware of workstation environment. 28
- 29. Advantages Maximizeproductivity,efficiencyand quality Reduce MSDriskby eliminating or minimizing ergonomic risk factors Costsavingsassociated with injury Help you do worksafely Make you more comfortable & prevent injuries 29
- 30. • Minimize ergonomic riskfactorsin yourarea • Stretch throughout the shift especially before and after activities that require awkward positions or lifting • Pay attentionto yourbody and knowyourphysical limitations • Reportergonomics issuesthrough appropriate channels • Ergonomic injuriesare preventable, and youown yourown safety Conclusion 30
Editor's Notes
- #6: the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.
- #13: The International Ergonomics Association (IEA) is a federation of fifty-two individual ergonomics organizations from around the world. IEA was formed in 1959. The mission of the IEA is to elaborate and advance ergonomics science and practice, and to improve the quality of life by expanding its scope of application and contribution to society.