ergonomics-training power point presentation
- 1. ERGONOMICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY OFFICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT LOSS PREVENTION UNIT
- 2. PRE-TEST What is ergonomics? What are MSDs? What are symptoms of MSD? How can I evaluate my workplace? What are some ergonomic solutions?
- 3. COURSE OBJECTIVES Define ergonomics Establish ergonomics in the workplace Introduce basic skills in the recognition & control of occupational ergonomic hazards Introduce ergonomic exercises.
- 4. PROGRAM GOAL To minimize injuries due to chronic physical and psychological stresses, while maximizing productivity and efficiency
- 5. ERGONOMICS DEFINED Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker.
- 6. BIOMECHANICS The science of measuring the amount of force put on the muscles and joints of people when working in different positions.
- 7. BIOMECHANICS CONT. STATIC - Holding one object or body part in one position for an extended period. EX. Standing or sitting in a parking booth or at a microscope.
- 8. BIOMECHANICS CONT. DYNAMIC - An activity created by the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles. EX. Walking
- 9. DID YOU KNOW? As early as the 1700’s scientists were aware of repetitive movement injuries to workers. Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) Clerks Cobblers and tailors Porters
- 10. ERGONOMIC STUDY AREAS WORKERS - what they bring to the job TOOLS - what they bring to the worker
- 11. ERGONOMIC STUDY AREAS TASKS - what the worker must do ENVIRONMENT- the conditions surrounding the worker and the tool
- 12. ERGONOMIC FOCUS The Tool The Task The Work Station and Environment The User /Operator
- 13. RESULTING INJURIES ARE CALLED: Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD), Or Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI), Or Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)
- 14. HOW SERIOUS ARE MSD MSD account for: 1/3 of all lost day injuries each year These injuries cost business $15-20 billion in worker’s compensation each year
- 15. COMMON CAUSES: Repetitive and/or prolonged activities Awkward postures/positions for an extended time Static postures Vibration High/low Temperatures for an extended time Forceful exertions
- 17. SIGNS OF MSD Decreased range of motion Loss of function Deformity Cramping Loss of color Decreased grip strength Loss of balance Swelling Redness
- 18. SYMPTOMS OF MSD Muscle fatigue or pain Aching Burning Numbness Stiffness Tingling
- 19. EXAMPLES OF MSD TENDONITIS- An inflammation of the tendon. Typically occurs in the shoulder, wrist, hands, or elbow. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME- Irritation of the median nerve, which runs through a bony channel in the wrist called the carpal tunnel. Usually results from excessive flexing or twisting of the wrist.
- 21. MSD CONT. TRIGGER FINGER SYNDROME- Tendons in the fingers become inflamed, causing pain, swelling, and a loss of dexterity. EYE STRAIN - The eyes become strained as a result of poor lighting, glare or viewing from awkward positions.
- 22. MSD CONT. HAND/ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME- Tingling, numbness, blanching, loss of dexterity in the hand/arm MUSCLE STRAIN – Pain in muscles
- 23. VIDEO
- 24. WHAT CAN WE DO? Administrative controls Work practice controls Engineering controls
- 25. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Employee rotation/job task expansion Physical adjustments to the work pace Redesign of work methods Alternative tasks Breaks
- 26. WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS Safe & proper work techniques & procedures Training Physical conditioning period
- 29. POSTURE & ANGLES Whether your tasks are performed while sitting or standing, always maintain proper posture & angles--and avoid: Awkward positions, and Extreme reaches for materials
- 31. SITTING POSTURES
- 32. MORE ANGLES…
- 33. MORE ANGLES…
- 40. WORKSTATIONS The objective is to: Fit the workstation to the employee Reduce awkward positions This can be done by using two methods:
- 41. WORKSTATIONS CONT. Standard Way Adjustable workstation Adjustable chair Foot rests Adjustable monitor Document holder Innovative Way Cut legs off Add blocks Build foot rest Thick book Build platform
- 45. TOOLS Use of Force or of grip-strength Longer/shorter and thicker/thinner handles Repetitive motion Ratcheting mechanism or gears Power tools Electric stapler Electric knife Spring-loaded returns
- 46. TOOLS CONT. Awkward positions Bent or curved handles Extensions or add-ons Headphones Support equipment overhead Step stool Forceful exertions Soft-touch keyboards/buttons Lifting devices
- 49. TOOLS CONT. Static positions Anti-fatigue mats Vibration Anti-vibration materials Anti-vibration mounts/handles External support Anti-vibration gloves
- 53. FACILITIES Noise
- 54. EXERCISES & STRETCHES These are exercises or stretches that can be performed at your workstation, home, just about anywhere.
- 55. EYE Eye comfort exercises Blinking Yawning Focus change
- 56. EYE Palming While seated, brace elbows on the edge of the desk Let weight fall forward Cup hands over eyes and close eyes Inhale slowly through nose & hold for 4 seconds Continue deep breathing for 15-30 seconds
- 58. EYE Movements Close eyes and slowly & gently move eyes up to the ceiling, then slowly down to the floor Repeat 3 times Close eyes and slowly & gently move eyes to the left, then slowly to the right Repeat 3 times
- 59. NECK STRETCH Tilt ear towards shoulder Reach up and touch top of head with palm to hold in tilted position Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times (come out of stretch slowly) Reverse side and repeat
- 61. Pec Corner Stretch Stand at a corner about a foot away from the wall with forearms on opposite sides of the corner. One foot should be forward. Elbows should be at slightly below shoulder height Keep abdominals tight to avoid arching back Lean gently towards corner by bending the front knee until a stretch is felt in front of the chest. Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times
- 62. Overhead Reach Take a deep breathe and reach up over head with both arms. Hold 5-10 seconds Exhale and lower slowly Repeat 2-3 times
- 63. Shoulder Pinch Place arms behind head being careful not to press hand into head Relax shoulders, and squeeze shoulder blades together while keeping shoulders back and down Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times
- 65. Shoulder Shrug Sitting up straight, slowly bring shoulders up toward your ears. Hold positions 5-10 seconds Then bring the shoulders down and hold Repeat 2-3 times
- 67. Chair Rotation Stretch Sit in chair and place feet flat on floor Reach across your body and grab the back of the chair Pull gently to increase stretch in mid back Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 5 times Repeat on other side
- 69. Arms Behind Back Stretch Hold hands behind back and grasp hands together Pull shoulder blades back and down Hold 5 seconds. Repeat 5 times
- 71. Thoracic Spine Extension Stretch Lie on your back with a pillow under your knees. Place a firmly rolled towel under your shoulder blades across your upper back Raise arms up as you inhale Lower arms as you exhale, and hold a couple of seconds Do this 5 times
- 72. Prop Ups or Press Ups Lie on stomach and either prop up on forearms or if wrists are not compromised, press up through hands. Let stomach sag, and allow back to arch without using back muscles. If propped on elbows, hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 5 times If on hands, press up and down slowly 10 times
- 73. Foot Rotations While sitting upright, slowly rotate each foot from the ankles 3 times in one direction Then rotate 3 in the opposite direction
- 74. Wrist Flexed & Extended Hold arm straight at waist height With fingers of other hand, gently press down above the knuckles, bending wrist down. (DO NOT hold at the fingers to push down.) Hold 5-10 seconds and repeat 2-3 times For extending, hold onto palm of hand and stretch wrist back. (DO NOT pull on fingers.) Hold 5-10 seconds and repeat 2-3 times.
- 77. Finger Massage VERY gently, massage the fingers of each hand individually. Move toward the nail gently. Massage the space between your fingers to widen and relax
- 78. Finger Squeeze Squeeze a foam block OR the edge of your desk firmly with all fingers Hold for 3 seconds Relax your grip
- 79. ERGONOMICS PROGRAM Essential elements: Management Leadership and employee participation Hazard information and reporting Job Hazard Analysis and Control Training MSD Management Program evaluation
- 80. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What three types of controls can we implement as solutions for ergonomic problems?
- 81. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What three types of controls can we implement as solutions for ergonomic problems? List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect employees.
- 82. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What three types of controls can we implement as solutions for ergonomic problems? List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect employees. Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F
- 83. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What three types of controls can we implement as solutions for ergonomic problems? List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect employees. Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F What does MSD stand for?
- 84. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What three types of controls can we implement as solutions for ergonomic problems? List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect employees. Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F What does MSD stand for? Two examples of MSDs are, Tendonitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. T or F
- 85. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What is ergonomics?
- 86. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What is ergonomics? List three (3) signs of MSD.
- 87. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What is ergonomics? List three (3) signs of MSD. Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. T or F
- 88. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What is ergonomics? List three (3) signs of MSD. Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. When focusing on the tool, the task and the environment you are trying to find the best combination for the worker (user/operator). T or F
- 89. ERGONOMICS POST TEST What is ergonomics? List three (3) signs of MSD. Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. T or F When focusing on the tool, the task and the environment you are trying to find the best combination for the worker (user/operator). T or F How can I evaluate my workplace?
- 90. QUESTIONS