The document discusses common programming errors like wrong answer, run time error (SIGSEGV), and time limit exceeded error. It provides examples to explain these errors. Wrong answer can occur due to wrong logic or choice of data type. Run time error (SIGSEGV) is caused by invalid memory reference like accessing an array out of bounds. Time limit exceeded error happens when a loop runs infinitely without a break. Violating constraints like string length limit can also cause segmentation fault.