The document discusses Operation Uranus, a Soviet counteroffensive in November 1942 during the Battle of Stalingrad. It describes how the Soviet forces planned to encircle and attack the exhausted German 6th Army and 4th Panzer Army that had become trapped in Stalingrad. The counteroffensive was a turning point that led to the German forces being surrounded, as fighting in the city had created hellish conditions with rats, bodies, and skilled snipers affecting both sides. Many German soldiers also began dying mysteriously at this time.