Essence of Travel Technology

Essence of Travel Technology
By
Krishna Kanth.Ch

Essence of Travel Technology
• Introduction
• How Travel Technology Was
• Central Reservation System (CRS) Overview
• Global Distribution System (GDS) Overview
• Passenger Name Record (PNR)
• Core Members of Airline Industries
• PNR & e-Ticket Process Flow
• Navigating the Airport of Tomorrow
• Q & A

How it was
 Traveller has to go to a Travel Agency for their
air travel ticket.
 Travel Agency contacts the airline requesting a
specific flight on a specific time and date.
 Fares were the same on each flight with each
airline.
 Reservations staff retrieves an index-card for
that flight /date from revolving tray.
 Travel Agency’s query answered based on retrieval.
 Travel Agency issues the ticket, collect payment
from traveler.

How it was
Reservation Employees at a Revolving Table with Index
Cards for each flight

CRS Overview
 Computer Reservations System or Central
Reservation System is a Computerized system used
to store and retrieve information and conduct
transactions related to Air Travel.
 Originally designed and operated by Airlines,
later extended for the use of Travel Agents.
 CRS used by a single travel provider to store
their reservations.

CRS Overview
 Airline reservation systems contain airline
schedules, fare tariffs, passenger reservations
and ticket records.
 An airline's distribution works within their own
reservation system, as well as pushing out
information to the GDS.
 A second type of direct distribution channel are
consumers who use the internet or mobile
applications to make their own reservations.

GDS Overview
 Global Distribution Systems are vast global
travel networks.
 The GDS network model is a centralized one.
 GDS interconnects
 Travel agencies
 Airlines
 Hotels
 Rent a car companies
 Railways
 Other travel-related companies.
 GDS is based around high-powered mainframe
computers.
 GDS can process travel transactions in huge
volumes at blinding speeds.

GDS Overview
 Formerly known as CRS: Computer Reservation System
 Now GDS: Global Distribution Systems.
 Name change because of function change.
 Main Functions are
 Reservations
 Back-office integration
 Business Intelligence
 Management Information
• Yield/Revenue Management
• Market Information Data Transfer (MIDT)

First GDS
 On a certain day on a certain flight two persons
met by chance
 Mr. C.R.Smith from American Airlines
 Mr. R.Blair Smith from IBM
 Plan to automate the American Airlines reservation
process with the help of IBM hardware and software.
 Result: SABRE(Semi Automatic Business Reservations
Environment)
 In 1960,First SABRE system was installed on two IBM
7090 computers.

Salient Feature
of G D S
 Flight Search
 Seat availablility
 Checking Fares
 Making of a PNR (Passenger Name Record):
 Issueance of Tickets
 Seat Preference
 Meal Preference
 Booking of Bassinet for Infants
 Special Service Request
 Frequent Flyer Information’s
 Refunding of a Ticket

P N R
 An active travel reservation in a GDS is known as
a Passenger Name Record (PNR).
 The PNR contains the information such as
 Name of the Pax.
 Gender
 Contact details(Phone Number, Email)
 Itinerary segments.
 Each GDS stores vast databases of PNR’s with past
and present reservations.
 Every PNR that is created in GDS has associated
historical information.

P N R
 The historical information of the PNR and any
Additions, Cancellations, Deletions that are
subsequently made to it.
 The GDS System updates PNR history at each End of
Transaction entry.
 Although PNRs were originally introduced for air
travel, they are now also being used for bookings
of hotels, car rental, railways, etc.
 PNR is an alphanumeric code, typically 6
characters in length
Ex :- RMT33W, KZVGX5, IIRCYC

PNR Elements
P N R
Passenger
Details

Core Members
 International Air Traffic Association (IATA)
 Trade association for the airlines
 support many areas of aviation activity
and help formulate industry policy on
critical aviation issues
 Societe Internationale de Telecommunications
Aeronautiques (SITA)
 Airport operations
 Baggage operations
 Cargo operations
 Passenger operations

Core Members
 Official Airline Guide (OAG)
 OAG is best known for its airline schedules
database which holds future and historical
flight details for more than 1,000 airlines
and over 4,000 airports
 Airline Tariff Publishing Company (ATPCO)
 Publishes the latest airfares for more than
500 airlines multiple times per day.
 Airline CRS, Sabre, Amadeus GDSs, Online
Travel agencies such as Expedia, Travelocity
are the prime users of ATPCO.

Essence of Travel Technology

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