Essential Grammar in Use 4th Edition by R. Murphy.pdf

C a m b r i d g e
Essentiat
Grammar
in Use
A self-study reference and practice book
for elementary learners of English
Fourth Edition
with answers
Raymond Murphy

Essential
Grammar
in Use
A self-study reference and practice book
for elementary learners of English
Fourth Edition
with answers
Raymond Murphy
H i C a m b r i d g e
UNIVERSITY PRESS

C a m b r id g e
UNIVERSITY PRESS
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
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Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/essentialgrammarinuse
Fourth Edition © Cambridge University Press 2015
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
Essential Grammar in Use first published 1990 O r
Fourth edition 2015 - ^ ^
Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-107-48055-1Edition with answers
ISBN 978-1-107-48053-7Edition with answers andInteractive eBook
ISBN 978-1-107-48056-8Edition without answers
ISBN 978-1-107-48061-2Edition with Supplementary Exercises
ISBN 978-1-107-48060-5 Interactive eBook
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and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
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thereafter.

Contents
Acknowledgements vii
To the student viii
To the teacher x
Present
1 am/is/are
2 am/is/are (questions)
3 I am doing (present continuous)
4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)
5 I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
6 I don't... (present simple negative)
7 Do yo u ...? (present simple questions)
8 I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)
9 I have ... and I've g o t...
Past
10 was/were
11 worked/got/went etc (past simple)
12 I didn't... Did yo u ...? (past simple negative and questions)
13 I was doing (past continuous)
14 I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)
Present perfect
15 I have done (present perfect 1)
16 I've ju st... I've already... I haven't... yet (present perfect 2)
17 Have you ever... ? (present perfect 3)
18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
19 for since ago
20 I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)
Passive
21 is done was done (passive 1)
22 is being done has been done (passive 2)
Verbforms
23 be/have/do in present and past tenses
24 Regular and irregular verbs
Future
25 What are you doing tomorrow?
26 I'm going to ...
27 will/shall 1
28 will/shall 2
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271 iii

Modals, imperative etc.
29 might
30 can and could
31 must mustn't don't need to
32 should
33 I have to ...
34 Would you like ... ? I'd like ...
35 Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!
36 I used to ...
There and it
37 there is there are
38 there was/were there has/have been there will be
39 It...
Auxiliary verbs
40 I am, I don't etc
41 Have you? Are you? Don't you? etc
42 too/either so am I / neither do I etc
43 isn't, haven't, don't etc (negatives)
Questions
44 is i t ... ? have you ... ? do they ... ? etc (questions 1)
45 Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2)
46 Who is she talking to? What is it like? (questions 3)
47 W hat... ? Which ... ? How ... ? (questions 4)
48 How long does it take ... ?
49 Do you know where ... ? I don't know w h at... etc
Reported speech
50 She said th a t... He told me th at...
-mg and to ...
51 work/working go/going do/doing
52 to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
53 I want you to ... I told you to ...
54 I went to the shop to ...
Co, get, do, make and have
55 go to ... go on ... go fo r... go -ing
56 get
57 do and make
58 have
Pronouns and possessives
59 I/me he/him they/them etc
60 my/his/their etc
61 Whose is this? It's mine/yours/hers etc
62 l/me/my/mine
63 myself/yourself/themselves etc.
64 -'s (Kate's camera / my brother's car etc.)
iv IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUDE OH PAGE 273

A and the
65 a/an ...
66 train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)
67 a bottle / some water (countable/uncountable 1)
68 a cake / some cake / some cakes (countable/uncountable 2)
69 a/an and the
70 the...
71 go to work go home go to the cinema
72 I like music I hate exams
73 the ... (names of places)
Determiners and pronouns
74 this/that/these/those
75 one/ones
76 some and any
77 not + any no none
78 not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no-one/nothing
79 somebody/anything/nowhere etc
80 every and all
81 all most some any no/none
82 both either neither
83 a lot much many
84 (a) little (a) few
Adjectives and adverbs
85 old/nice/interesting etc (adjectives)
86 quickly/badly/suddenly etc (adverbs)
87 old/older expensive / more expensive
88 older than ... more expensive than ...
89 not as ... as
90 the oldest the most expensive
91 enough
92 too
Word order
93 He speaks English very well, (word order 1)
94 always/usually/often etc (word order 2)
95 still yet already
96 Give me that book! Give it to me!
Conjunctions and clauses
97 and but or so because
98 When ...
99 If we go... If you see... etc
100 If I had... If we w ent... etc
101 a person who ... a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1)
102 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271 V

Prepositions
103 at 8 o'clock on Monday in April
104 from ... to until since for
105 before after during while
106 in at on (places 1)
108 to in at (places 3)
109 under behind, opposite etc
110 up, over, through etc
111 on at by with about
112 afraid o f..., good a t ... etc of/at/for etc (prepositions) + -ing
113 listen to ..., look a t ... etc (verb + preposition)
Phrasal verbs
114 go in, fall off, run away etc (phrasal verbs 1)
115 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
Appendices
Appendix 1 Active and passive 243
Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 244
Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245
Appendix 4 Short forms (he's / I'd / don't etc) 246
Appendix 5 Spelling 248
Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc) 250
Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (put out a fire / give up your job etc) 251
Additional exercises 252
Study guide 271
Key to Exercises 283
Key to Additional exercises 310
Key to Study guide 313
Index 315
vi IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271

To the student (working without a teacher)
Contents
This is a grammar book for elementary
students of English. There are 115 units
in the book and each unit is about a
different point of English grammar.
There is a list of units at the beginning
of the book (Contents).
Do not study all the units in order from
beginning to end. It is better to choose
the units that you need to do. For
example if you have a problem with the
present perfect (/ have been, he has done
etc.), study Units 15-20.
Use the Contents or the Index (at the
back of the book) to find the unit
(or units) that you need.
If you are not sure
which units you
need to study, use
the Study guide
at the back of the
book.
Study guide (pages 271-282)
VIII

Each unit is two pages.
The information is on
the left-hand page and
the exercises are on the
right:
Information
I am doing (present continuous)
| i i
Exercises
Study the left-hand page (information); and then
do the exercises on the right-hand page.
Use the Key to check your answers. The Key is on
pages 283-309.
Study the left-hand page again if necessary.
Appendix 3
Irregular verbs in groups
Don't forget the seven Appendices at
the back of the book (pages 243-251).
These will give you information about
active and passive forms; irregular
verbs, short forms; spelling and
phrasal verbs.
There are also Additional
exercises at the back of the book
(pages 252-270).
There is a list of these exercises
on page 252.

To the teacher
The most important features of this book are:
O It is a grammar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language.
O It is for elementary learners. It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally taught at
elementary level.
O It is a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organised progressively.
O It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study.
Organisation of the book
There are 115 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of grammar. The material is organised
in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty,
and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). The book should not
be worked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents and there is a comprehensive
Index at the end of the book.
Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. TTie grammar point is presented and explained
on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendices (pages
243-251) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal
verbs. It might be useful for teachers to draw students' attention to these.
At the back of the book there is a set of Additional exercises (pages 252-270). These exercises provide 'mixed'
practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units (especially those concerning verb
forms). There are 35 exercises in this section and there is a full list on page 252.
Also at the back of the book there is a Study guide to help students decide which units to study - see page 271.
Finally, there is a Key (pages 283-309) for students to check their answers to all the exercises in the book. An
edition without the Study guide and Key is available for teachers who would prefer it for their students.
Level
The book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very little English, but not for complete beginners. It is
intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the early stages of a beginners' course. It could also
be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who
have problems with particular areas of basic grammar.
The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible.
The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at
this level.
Using the book
The book can be used by students working alone (see To the student) or as supplementary course material.
In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book.
When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or
remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice.
In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in class, but it
should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference. In most cases, it would
probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in their preferred way with the exercises being
done for homework. The left-hand page is then available for later reference by the student.
Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In this case, individual students or
groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study and practice.
x

Unit
1 am/is/are
(M y name is Lisa.
(rm American. I'm from Chicag ^
. ^
U ’m a stu den t. j
I f
My father is a doctor and
my mother is a journalist.
/*■
0Ay favourite colour is blue.^
My favourite sports are
football and swimming.
J ’m interested in art.")
(j^ T n o t interested in politics.^
LISA
positive negative
I am (I'm)
he (he's)
she is (she's)
it (it's)
we (we're)
you are (you're)
they (they're)
1 am not (I'm not)
he
she
it
is not
(he's not or he isn't)
(she's not or she isn't)
(it's not or it isn't)
we
you
they
are not
(we're not or we aren't)
(you're not or you aren't)
(they're not or they aren't)
shortform shortforms
I'm cold. Can you close the window, please?
I'm 32 years old. My sister is 29.
Steve is ill. He's in bed.
My brother is scared of dogs.
It's ten o'clock. You're late again.
Ann and I are good friends.
Your keys are on the table.
I'm tired, but I'm not hungry.
Lisa isn't interested in politics. She's interested in art.
James isn't a teacher. He's a student.
Those people aren't English. They're Australian.
It's sunny today, but it isn't warm.
that's = that is there's = there is here's = here is
O Thank you. That's very kind of you.
O Look! There's Chris.
'Here's your key.' 'Thank you.'
your key/
( am/is/are (questions) -» Unit 2 there is/are -» Unit 37 a/an -» Unit 65 short forms -» Appendix 4 }

Exercises
Write the short form (she's / we aren't etc.).
1 she is she's 3 it is n o t 5 I am not .........................
2 they are....................................... 4 that is 6 you aren o t ...........................
Write am, is or are.
1 The weather is nice today. 5 Look! There Helen.
2 I not rich. 6 My brother and I good tennis players.
3 This bag..................heavy. 7 Em ily at home. Her children at school.
4 These bags heavy. 8 I a taxi driver. My sister a nurse.
f B Complete the sentences.
1 Steve is ill H as in bed.
2 I'm not hungry, but...............................thirsty.
3 Mr Thomas is a very old man.....................................98.
4 These chairs aren't beautiful, but.................................comfortable.
5 The weather is nice today...................................warm and sunny.
6.....'............................. late.' 'No, I'm not. I'm early!'
7 Catherine isn't at home....................................at work.
8.....'............................. your coat.' 'Oh, thank you verymuch.'
<
9Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself.
1 (name?) M y 5 (favourite colour or colours?)
2 (age?) I ................................................................................. M y.................................................................................
3 (from?) I ................................................................................. 6 (interested in ... ?)
4 (job?) I .................................................................................. I .......................................................................................
Write sentences for the pictures. Use:
angry cold hot hungry scared thirsty
2 They
Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use is/isn't or are/aren't.
1 (it / hot today).............................j.tjsn’t hot today, or It’s. hpt.tpday,
2 (it / windy today) It..............................................................................
3 (my hands / cold) M y..........................................................................
4 (Brazil / a very big country) .................................................................................
5 (diamonds / cheap)................. .................................................................................
6 (Toronto / in the US)...........................................................................................................................
Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use I'm / I'm not.
7 (tired)............................................ta.Tjred, or Im .nottlred,....................
8 (hungry) I...............................................................................
9 (a good swimmer)................... .................................................................................
10 (interested in football) .................................................................................
Additional exercise 1 (page 252)

Unit
2 am/is/are (questions)
positive question
am
is
are
am I?
is
he?
she?
it?
are
we?
you?
they?
^ ^ W h a t's your name?^
^^Are you married?^
^ ^How old are youT)
^^Are you a student?^
( n o , I'm not.^^
d y
^Yes, I a m .^
'Am I late?' 'No, you're on time.'
Is your mother at home?' No, she's out.'
Are your parents at home?' No, they're out.'
'Is it cold in your room?' 'Yes, a little.'
Your shoes are nice. Are they new?
We say:
O Is she at home? / Is your mother at home? (not Is at home your mother?)
O Are they new? / Are your shoes new?(not Are new your shoes?)
Where... ? / W h at... ? / Who ... ? / How ... ? / Why ... ?
O Where is your mother? Is she at home?
, O 'Where are you from?' 'Canada.'
O 'What colour is your car?' 'It's red.'
O 'How old is Joe?' 'He's 24.'
O How are your parents? Are they well?
O These shoes are nice. How much are they?
O This hotel isn't very good. Why is it so expensive?
what's = what is who's = who is how's = how is where's = where is
O What's the time? O Who's that man?
O Where's Lucy? O How's your father?
Short answers
I am.
he
she is.
Yes, it
we
you are.
they
I'm
No,
he's
she's
it's not.
we're
you're
they're
or
he
she isn't.
No,
it
we
you
they
aren't.
O Are you tired?' Yes, I am.'
O 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I'm not, but I'm thirsty.'
O Is your friend English?' Yes, he is.'
O 'Are these your keys?' Yes, they are.'
O That's my seat.' No, it isn't.'
f am/is/are Unit 1 questions Unit 44 what/which/how Unit 47

Exercises
Find the right answers for the questions.
Where's the camera? A London. 1
Is your car blue? B No, I'm not. 2
Is Kate from London? C Yes, you are. 3
Am I late? D My sister. 4
Where's Amy from? E Black. 5
What colour is your bag? F No, it's black. 6
Are you hungry? G In your bag. 7
How is George? H No, she's American. 8
Who's that woman? I Very well. 9
G
Make questions with these words.
1 (is / at home / your mother) !.s your m other.at home..
(your parents / are / well) Aroypur. par.ont5.wo...........
(interesting / is / your job) .............................................................
(the shops / are / open today) .............................................................
(from / where / you / are) ..............................................................
(interested in sport / you / are) ..............................................................
(is / near here / the station) ............................................... ..........
(at school / are / your children) ..............................................................
(you / are / late / why) ..............................................................
Complete the questions. Use W hat... / Who ... / Where ... / How . . . .
Write the questions.
r G / I
PAUL
1
/ ..... - . -i.
(name7) W hat’s your name?
Gr . A
Paul.
2 (American?) ............................................................................................................ No, I'm Australian.
3 (how old?) ............................................................................................................... I'm 30.
4 (a teacher?) .............................................................................................................. No, I'm a lawyer.
5 (married?) ................................................................................................................ Yes, 1am.
6 (wife a lawyer?) ..................................................................................................... No, she's a designer.
7 (from?) ....................................................................................................................... She's Italian.
8 (her name?) ............................................................................................................ Anna.
9 (how old?) ............................................................................................................... She's 27.
v J
Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn't, etc.).
1 Are you married? NoJ’m not, 4 Are your hands cold?
2 Are you thirsty? ................................................................ 5 Is it dark now? ...............
3 Is it cold today? ................................................................. 6 Are you a teacher? ...
►
Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 252-53)

She's eating. It's raining.
She isn't reading. The sun isn't shining.
The present continuous is:
am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing etc.
I am (not) o I'm working. I'm not watching TV.
he o Maria is reading a newspaper.
she is (not) o She isn't eating, (or She's not eating.)
it -ing o The bus is coming.
we o We're having dinner.
you are (not) o You're not listening to me. (or You aren't listening
they o The children are doing their homework.
am/is/are + -ing = something is happening now:
I'm working
she's wearing a hat
they're playing football
I'm not watching TV
past now future
O Please be quiet. I'm working. (= I'm working now)
O Look, there's Sarah. She's wearing a brown coat. (= she is wearing it now)
O The weather is nice. It's not raining.
O 'Where are the children?' 'They're playing in the park.'
O (on the phone) We're having dinner now. Can I call you later?
O You can turn off the television. I'm not watching it.
Spelling (—>Appendix 5):
come —
>coming write —
» writing dance —>dancing
run —» running sit —
» sittingswim —>swimming
lie —
» lying
They're running.
They aren't walking.
am/is/are ^ Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) ^ Unit 4 I am doing and I do Unit 8
What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 25____________________________________________________

G> What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:
-eat have lie play sit wait
Exercises
BUS
STOP
1 Sh eseatln g an apple. 4 ............................................................................on the floor.
2 H e.............................................................................for a bus. 5 ..................................................................................breakfast.
3 They football. 6 on the table.
g g i Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
build cook go have stand stay swim work
1 Please be quiet. I ’m working.......
2 'Where’s John?' 'He's in the kitchen. H e.................................................................'
3 'You..............................................................on my foot.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.'
4 Look! Somebody................................................................in the river.
5 We're here on holiday. W e ................................................................at the Central Hotel.
6 ‘Where's Sue?' 'She.............................................................. a shower.’
7 They.............................................................a new hotel in the city centre at the moment.
8 I ................................................................now. Goodbye.
Jane
What’s happening now? Write true sentences.
1 (I / wash / my hair) Im not washing my hair...................................
2 (it / snow) It’s snowing, or Itjsn ’t snowing,
3 (I / sit / on a chair) ..............................................................................................
4 (I / eat) ..............................................................................................
5 (it/rain )....................................................................................................................................
6 (I / learn / English) ..............................................................................................
7 (I / listen / to music) ..............................................................................................
8 (the sun / shine) ..............................................................................................
9 (I / wear / shoes) ..............................................................................................
10 (I / read / a newspaper) ..............................................................................................
Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She’s -ing or She isn't -ing.
1 (have dinner) Jane isn't having dinner.....
2 (watch TV) S h e s watching TV,.....................
3 (sit on the floor) She................................................
4 (read a book) ................................................................
5 (play the piano) ...........................................................
n 1 6 (laugh)...................................................................................
7 (wear a hat) ....................................................................
8 (drink coffee) ................................................................
17

Unit are you doing?
4 (present continuous questions)
positive question
1 am
he doing
she is working
it going
we
staying
you
they
are
etc.
am 1
he doing
is she working
it going
we
staying
are you
they
etc.
O 'Are you feeling OK?' 'Yes, I'm fine, thanks.'
O 'Is it raining?' 'Yes, take an umbrella.'
O Why are you wearing a coat? It's not cold.
O 'What's Paul doing?' 'He's studying for his exams.'
O 'What are the children doing?' 'They're watching TV.'
O Look, there's Emily! Where's she going?
O Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?
Study the word order:
is/are + subject + -ing
Is he working today?
Is Ben working today? (not Is working Ben today?)
Where are they going?
Where are those people going? (not Where are going those people?)
Short answers
I'm
No,
he's
she's
it's not.
we're
you're
they're
1 am.
he
she is.
Yes, it
we
you are.
they
he
she isn't.
No,
it
we
you
they
aren't.
O 'Are you going now?' 'Yes, I am.'
O 'Is Ben working today?' 'Yes, he is.'
O Is it raining?' No, it isn't.'
O 'Are your friends staying at a hotel?' 'No, they aren't. They're staying with me.'
f I am doing Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? -fr Unit 25 questions -fr Units 44-47

Exercises
Make questions from these words. Put the words in the right order.
1 (is / working / Ben / today) ..................................
2 (what / the children / are / doing) W h ata re tM .Q h M rm .M m
3 (you / are / listening / to me) ....................................................................................
4 (where/your friends/are/going) .......................................................................
5 (are / watching / your parents / TV) ....................................................................
6 (what / Jessica / is / cooking) .....................................................................................
7 (why / you / are / looking / at me) ........................................................................
8 (is / coming / the bus) ...................................................................................................
Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn't, etc.).
1 Are you watching TV? NoJ.’m not, 4 Is it raining? ....................................
2 Are you wearing a watch? ........................................ 5 Are you sitting on the floor?
3 Are you eating something? ...................................... 6 Are you feeling well? ...............
-♦ Additional exercise 3 (page 253) 19

Unit
5 I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
They have a lot of books.
They read a lot.
They read / he likes / 1work etc. = the present simple:
He’s eating an ice cream.
He likes ice cream.
l/we/you/they read like work live watch do have
he/she/it reads likes works lives watches does has
Remember:
he works / she lives / it rains etc.
O I work in a shop. My brother works in a bank. My brother work)
O Lucy lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.
O It rains a lot in winter.
I have —>he/she/it has:
O Joe has a shower every day.
Spelling (—
» Appendix 5):
-es after -s / -sh / -ch: pass —
» passes
-y — >-
ies: study
also:
studies
do -» does
finish —
>finishes
try —>tries
go -> goes
watch -» watches
We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all
the time:
O I like big cities.
Your English is good. You speak very well.
Tom works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
The earth goes round the sun.
We do a lot of different things in our free time.
It costs a lot of money to build a hospital.
O
O
O
o .
o
always/never/often/usually/sometimes + present simple
O Sue always gets to work early, (not Sue gets always)
O I never eat breakfast, (not I eat never)
□ We often go away at weekends.
O Mark usually plays football on Sundays.
O I sometimes walk to work, but not very often.
2
0
I don’t ... (negative) ^ Unit 6 Do you ... ? (questions) ■
always/usually/often etc. (word order) Unit 94
Unit 7 I am doing and I do Unit 8

Exercises
Write these verbs with -s or -es.
1 (read) she reads 3 (fly) it 5 (have) she.
2 (think) h e ........................................ 4 (dance) h e....................................... 6 (finish) it
Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use:
eat go live play play sleep
'CC ^ I GD, SEVEN HOURS
ANIGHT r
Z
1 He plays......................the piano.
2 They in a very big house.
3 ...............................................a lot of fruit.
4 ...............................................tennis.
5 ...............................................to the cinema a lot.
6 ...............................................seven hours a night.
Complete the sentences. Use:
boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash
1 M aria speaks four languages.
2 The shops in the city centre usually.......................................at 9 o'clock in the morning.
3 The City M useum at 5 o'clock in the evening.
4 Tina is a teacher. She........................................ mathematics to young children.
5 My job is very interesting. I ........................................ a lot of people.
6 Peter's car is always dirty. He never.......................................it.
7 Food is expensive. It ........................................a lot of money.
8 Shoes are expensive. They a lot of money.
9 W ater........................................at 100 degrees Celsius.
10 Laura and I are good friends. I her and she.........................................me.
Write sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives etc.).
(always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue always.arriyes early.........................................................................
(to the cinema / never / 1/ go) I ..............................................................................................................................
(work / Martina / hard / always) .............................................................................................................................
(like / chocolate / children / usually) ....................................................................................................................
(Jackie / parties / enjoy / always) .............................................................................................................................
(often / people's names / 1/ forget) .......................................................................................................................
(TV / Sam / watch / never) .............................................................................. ..........................................................
8 (usually / dinner / we / have / at 7.30) .................................................................................................................
9 (Kate / always / nice clothes / wear) .....................................................................................................................
m Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/usually/sometimes.
1 (watch TV in the evening) I usually watch TV in the evening,................................
2 (read in bed) I .............................................................................................................................................
3 (get up before 7 o'clock) .......................................................................................................................
4 (go to work/school by bus) ................................................................................................................
5 (drink coffee in the morning) ...........................................................................................................

6 I don't... (present simple negative)
The present simple negative is don't/doesn't + verb:
No, thanks. I
don’t drink coffee.
She doesn't drink coffee. He doesn't like his job.
positive negative
1
we
you
they
work
like
do
have
he
she
it
works
likes
does
has
i
we don't
you (do not) work
they like
he
doesn't
do
have
she
(does not)
it
I drink coffee, but I don't drink tea.
Sue drinks tea, but she doesn't drink coffee.
You don't work very hard.
We don't watch TV very often.
The weather is usually nice. It doesn't rain very often.
Sam and Chris don't know many people.
Remember:
l/we/you/they don't...
he/she/it doesn't...
O I don't like football.
O He doesn't like football.
O I don't like Fred and Fred doesn't like me. (not Fred don't like)
O My car doesn't use much petrol. (not My car don't use)
O Sometimes he is late, but it doesn't happen very often.
We use don't/doesn't + infinitive (don't like / doesn't speak / doesn't do etc.):
O I don't like washing the car. I don't do it very often.
O Sarah speaks Spanish, but she doesn't speak Italian. (not doesn't speaks)
O David doesn't do his job very well, (not David doesn't his job)
O Paula doesn't usually have breakfast, (not doesn't... has)
f I do/work/like etc. (present simple) Unit 5 Do you ... ? (present simple questions) Unit 7 3

Exercises
Write the negative.
1 I play the piano very well.
2 Anna plays the piano very well.
3 They know my phone number.
4 We work very hard.
5 He has a bath every day.
6 You do the same thing every day.
I don't play t.ha.pian.p very well,..
A nna...............................................................
They.................................................................
g Q Q p Study the information and write sentences with like.
1 Ben.and Sophie like claesicMwu&iC:.
B en a n d
S o p h ie Ka t e Yo u
1 classical music? yes no
2 boxing? no yes ?
3 horror movies? yes no
•
I ..................................... ...........classical music.
Ben and Sophie
Kate....................................
I
Write about yourself. Use:
I never... or I often ... or I don't... very often.
1 (watch TV) [don't ^ tch T )(.y^ ty.o fte n ,.... or Lnever watch TV. or
I often watch TV.
2 (go to the theatre)
3 (ride a bike)
4 (eat in restaurants)
5 (travel by train)
g g § Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don't/doesn't + these verbs:
cost go know rain see use wear
1 The weather here is usually nice. It doesn’t rain much.
2 Paul has a car, but h e................................................................it very often.
3 Paul and his friends like films, but they to the cinema very often.
4 Amanda is married but she a ring.
5 I much about politics. I'm not interested in it.
6 The Regent Hotel isn't expensive. It ................................................................much to stay there.
7 Ed lives very near us, but w e ...............................................................him very often.
* 3 3 1 Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1 Margaret speaks four languages - English, French, German and Spanish, (speak)
2 I don t Jikc my job. It's very boring, (like)
3 'Where's Steve?' 'I'm sorry. I ................................................................' (know)
4 Sue is a very quiet person. She............................................... very much, (talk)
5 A nd y................................................................a lot of tea. It's his favourite drink, (drink)
6 It's not true! I ................................................................it! (believe)
7 That's a very beautiful picture. I ................................................................it very much, (like)
8 Mark is a vegetarian. H e................................................................meat, (eat)

Unit
7 Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
A We use do/does in present simple questions:
positive question
1
we
you
they
work
like
do
have
he
she
it
works
likes
does
has
do
1
we
you work?
they like?
do?
he have?
does she
it
]T(po you play the guitar? J j
1 " 1 "i i ^
Study the word order:
do/does + subject + infinitive
Do you play the guitar?
Do your friends live near here?
Does Chris work on Sundays?
Does it rain a lot here?
Where do your parents live?
How often do you wash your hair?
What does this word mean?
How much does it cost to fly to Rome?
Questions with always and usually:
Does Chris always work on Sundays?
What do you usually do at weekends?
What do you do? = What's your job?
O 'What do you do?' 'I work in a bank.'
Remember:
do l/we/you/they...
does he/she/it...
O Do they like music?
O Does he like music?
Short answers
Yes,
l/we/you/they do.
No,
l/we/you/they don't.
he/she/it does. he/she/it doesn't.
O 'Do you play the guitar?' 'No, I don't.'
O Do your parents speak English?' Yes, they do.'
O Does James work hard?' Yes, he does.'
O Does your sister live in London?' No, she doesn't.'
( I do/work/like etc (present simple) Unit 5 I don't... (negative) -» Unit 6 questions 4 Units 44-47 )

Exercises
Write questions with Do ... ? and Does ... ?
1 I like chocolate. How about you?
2 I play tennis. How about you?
3 You live near here. How about Lucy?
4 Tom plays tennis. How about his friends?
5 You speak English. How about your brother?
6 I do yoga every morning. How about you?
7 Sue goes away a lot. How about Paul?
8 I want to be famous. How about you?
9 You work hard. How about Anna?
...P.oyouJfe
....................yo u......................
....................Lucy.....................
Make questions from these words + do/does. Put the words in the right order.
1 (where / live / your parents)
2 (you / early / always / get up)
3 (how often / TV / you / watch)
4 (you / want / what / for dinner)
5 (like / you / football)
6 (your brother / like / football)
7 (what / you / do / in your free time)
8 (your sister / work / where)
9 (breakfast / always / you / have)
10 (what / mean / this word)
11 (in winter / snow / it / here)
12 (go / usually / to bed / what time / you)
..Where, do your pa rente Jive..
...P.oyou. always.g<st.u.p.ear|y..
13 (how much / to phone New York / it / cost)
14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what)
e Complete the questions. Use these verbs:
do enjoy go like start teach work
W hat d oyou do ?
..............................................................................................it?
What tim e..............................................................................................in the morning?
on Saturdays?
H ow ..............................................................................................to work?
And your husband. W hat..............................................................................................?
W hat..............................................................................................?
..............................................................................................his job?
Write short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I don't, etc.).
1 Do you watch TV a lot?
2 Do you live in a big city?
3 Do you often ride a bike?
4 Does it rain a lot where you live?
5 Do you play the piano?
N oAdorit, or YesJ.da.
*
work in a bookshop.
It's OK.
At 9 o'clock.
Sometimes.
Usually by bus.
He's a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.

Unit | am doing (present continuous) and
8 I do (present simple)
Jack is watching television.
He is not playing the guitar.
But Jack has a guitar.
He often plays it and he plays very well.
Jack plays the guitar,
but he is not playing the guitar now.
Is he playing the guitar? No, he isn't.
Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does.
(present continuous)
(present simple)
Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time of speaking:
I'm doing
past now
O Please be quiet. I'm working. (not I work)
O Tom is having a shower at the moment. (not Tom has)
O Take an umbrella with you. It's raining.
O You can turn off the television. I'm not watching it.
O Why are you under the table? What are you doing?
Present simple (I do) = in general, all the time or sometimes:
I do
future
past now future
O I work every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30.
O Tom has a shower every morning.
O It rains a lot in winter.
O I don't watch TV very often.
O What do you usually do at weekends?
We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):
like want know understand remember
prefer need mean believe forget
Use only the present simple with these verbs (I want / do you like? etc.):
O I'm tired. I want to go home, (not I'm wanting)
O 'Do you know that girl?' 'Yes, but I don't remember her name.'
O I don't understand What do you mean?
26 ( present continuous Units 3-4 present simple Units 5-7 present for the future Unit 25

Exercises
Does he take photographs? Yes^.hedges.. Is she driving a bus? .
Is he taking a photograph? N&.he isn’t . Does she drive a bus?
What is he doing? What is she doing?
He’sMyinfl.a.bath..................................................
Does he clean windows? ................................... Are they teaching?
Is he cleaning a window? ................................... Do they teach? ....
What is he doing? What do they do?
Complete the sentences with am/is/are or do/don't/does/doesn't.
1 Excuse m e, do you speak English?
2 'Where's Kate?' 'I.........................................know.'
3 What's funny? W h y........................................you laughing?
4 'W hat your sister do?' 'She's a dentist.'
5 It .......................................raining. I want to go out in the rain.
6 'W here........................................you come from?' 'Canada.'
7 How m uch..................................... it cost to stay at this hotel? Is it expensive?
8 Steve is a good tennis player, but h e ........................................ play very often.
Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or the present simple (I do).
1 Excuse m e,.do you speak (you/speak) English?
2 'Where's Tom?' ' Hes.haying (he/have) a shower.'
3 (.don’t .
w atch (I/not/watch) TV very often.
4 Listen! Somebody........................................................................(sing).
5 Sarah is tired (she/want) to go home now.
6 How often........................................................................(you/use) your car? Every day?
7 'Excuse me,b ut....................................................................... (you/sit) in my seat.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.'
8 I'm sorry,......................................................................................(I/not/understand). Can you speak more slowly?
9 It's late.............................................................................(I/go) home now...........................................................................
(you/come) with me?
10 What tim e......................................................................................................(your father / finish) work every day?
11 You can turn off the radio............................................................................ (I/not/listen)toit.
12 'Where's Paul?' 'In the kitchen............................................................................ (he/cook) something.'
13 M ark......................................................................................................................(not/usually/drive) to work. He
........................................................................(usually/walk).
14 Sue....................................................................(not/like) coffee.........................................................................(she/prefer) tea.
Additional exercises 8-9 (page 255)

Unit
9
2
8
I have ... and I've got
You can say I have or I've got, he has or he's got:
I
we
you
they
have or
I
we
you
they
have got
(I've got)
(we've got)
(you've got)
(they've got)
he
she
it
has or
he
she
it
has got
(he's got)
(she's got)
(it's got)
shortform
O I have blue eyes, or I've got blue eyes.
O Tom has two sisters, or Tom has got two sisters.
O Our car has four doors, or Our car has got four doors.
O Sarah isn't feeling well. She has a headache, or She's got a headache.
O They like animals. They have a horse, three dogs and six cats, or They've got a horse .
I don't have / 1haven't got etc. (negative)
You can say:
I/you
we/they
don't
he/she
it
doesn't
have or
I/you
we/they
haven't
got
he/she
it
hasn't
O I don't have a car. or I haven't got a car.
O They don't have any children, or They haven't got any children.
O It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garden, or ... it hasn't got a garden.
O Amy doesn't have a job at the moment, or Amy hasn't got a job ...
do you have? / have you got? etc. (questions)
You can say:
do
I/you
we/they
does
he/she
it
have or
have
I/you
we/they
has
he/she
it
got
O 'Do you have a camera?' 'No, I don't.' or
'Have you got a camera?' 'No, I haven't.'
O 'Does Helen have a car?' 'Yes, she does.' or
'Has Helen got a car?' 'Yes, she has.'
O What kind of car does she have? or ... has she got?
O How many children do they have? or ... have they got?
had / didn't have (past) Units 11-12 have breakfast / have a shower etc. Unit 58
some and any Unit 76

Exercises
Write these sentences with got. The meaning is the same.
1 They have two children.
2 She doesn't have a key.
3 He has a new job.
4 Do you have an umbrella?
5 We have a lot of work to do.
6 I don't have your phone number.
7 Does your father have a car?
8 How much money do we have?
.Theyye.gpttwp.c.h
..She haon’t.got a. key.........
He
Write these sentences with do/does/don't/doesn't. The meaning is the same.
1 Have you got any money?
2 I haven't got many clothes.
3 Has Tom got a brother?
4 How many children have they got?
5 Have you got any questions?
6 Sam hasn't got a job.
..P.oyou.have any money?.
mm Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about Mark.
f -T
P
*
1 Have you got a car? No.
2 Have you got a bike? Yes.
3 Have you got a dog?
Mark
4 Have you got a mobile phone? Yes.
5 Have you got a watch? No.
6 Have you got any brothers or Yes, two brothers
sisters? and a sister.
------------------------------------------ J v-------------------- y
He hasn’t,got,a car.
He.
What about you? Write sentences with I’ve got or I haven’t got.
7 (a dog) .....................................................................................................
8 (a bike) .....................................................................................................
9 (brothers/sisters) .....................................................................................................
3
4
5
6
7
£ Q | Complete the sentences. Use have, has, don’t have or doesn’t have.
1 Sarah doesn’t.have a car. She goes everywhere by bike.
2 They like animals. They have three dogs and two cats.
Charles isn't happy. H e....................................a lot of problems.
They are always busy. They................................... much free time.
'What’s wrong?’ 'I................................... something in my eye.’
'Where's my pen?’ 'I don't know. I ....................................it.’
Amy wants to go to the concert, but she....................................a ticket.
e » Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven't/hasn't got with:
six legs a key a headache a lot of friends a job much time
1 I'm not feeling very well. I ye.QQt a headache,..............................................................
2 Everybody likes Tom. H e..................................................................................................................
3 She can't open the door. She............................... ........................................................................
4 Quick!. W e ...............................................................................................................................................
5 An insect....................................................................................................................................................
6 I'm unemployed. I ...............................................................................................................................
Additional exercises 5-7 (page 254)

t was/were
Unit
Now Robert is at work.
At midnight last night
he wasn't at work.
He was in bed.
He was asleep.
am/is (present) —>was (past):
O I am tired, (now)
O Where is Kate? (now)
O The weather is good today.
are (present) —» were (past):
O You are late, (now)
O They aren't here, (now)
I was tired last night.
Where was Kate yesterday?
The weather was good last week.
You were late yesterday.
They weren't here last Sunday.
positive negative question
1
he
she
it
was
we
you
they
were
1
he
she
it
was not
(wasn't)
we
you
they
were not
(weren't)
was
1
?
he?
she?
it?
were
we?
you?
they?
O Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
O When I was a child, I was scared of dogs.
O We were hungry after the journey, but we weren't tired.
O The hotel was comfortable, but it wasn't expensive.
O Was the weather nice when you were on holiday?
O Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
O Why were you late this morning?
Short answers
Yes,
l/he/she/it was.
No,
l/he/she/it wasn't.
we/you/they were. we/you/they weren't.
O 'Were you late?' 'No, I wasn't.'
O 'Was Tom at work yesterday?' 'Yes, he was.'
O 'Were Sue and Steve at the party?' No, they weren't.'
30 ( am/is/are ■
» Units 1-2 I was doing Unit 13

Exercises
Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
1 Jo e was.in.bed.................................................................. 4
2 Jack and Kate......................................................................... 5...............................
3 Sue............................................................................................... 6 And you? I.
Write am/is/are (present) or was/were (past).
1 Last year she w as 22, so she is 23 now.
2 Today the weather.......................nice, but yesterday it ..........................very cold.
3 I .......................hungry. Can I have something to eat?
4 I feel fine this morning, but I .......................very tired last night.
5 W here.......................you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning?
6 Don't buy those shoes. They.......................very expensive.
7 I like your new jacket............................it expensive?
8 This time last year I .......................in Paris.
9 'W here Sam and Joe?' 'I don't know. They here a few minutes ago.'
gjg| Write was/were or wasn't/weren't.
1 We weren't happy with the hotel. Our room w as very small and it wasn’t clean.
2 M ark at work last week becauseh e..........................ill. He's better now.
3 Yesterday.........................a public holiday, so thebanks..........................closed. They're open today.
4 '.........................Kate and Ben at the party?' 'Kate there, butBen...........................'
5 Where are my keys? They on the table, but they're not there now.
6 You at home last night..W here.........................you?
Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in the right order.
___________________________________ /7
(late / you / this morning / why?)
Why ware.you.jate. th is mprni.ng?..
(difficult / your exam?)
(last week / where / Sue and Chris?)
(your new camera / how much?)
(angry / you / yesterday / why?)
(nice / the weather / last week?)
► The traffic was bad.
► No, it was easy.
► They were on holiday.
► A hundred pounds.
31

Unit
11 worked/got/went etc (past simple)
They watch TV every evening.
(present simple)
They watched TV yesterday evening.
(past simple)
watched is the past simple:
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
watched
The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For example:
work —>worked dance —>danced
clean —>cleaned stay —>stayed
start —» started need —>needed
O I clean my teeth every morning. This morning I cleaned my teeth.
O Terry worked in a bank from 2005 to 2011.
O Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.
O We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people.
The party finished at midnight.
Spelling (—
» Appendix 5):
try —>tried study —>studied
stop —»stopped plan —» planned
copy —»copied
Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). The past simple is not -ed. Here are some important irregular
verbs (see also Appendix 2-3):
begin —» began fall fell leave —> left sell —
» sold
break broke find found lose lost sit sat
bring brought fly flew make made sleep slept
build built forget forgot meet met speak spoke
buy bought get got pay paid stand stood
catch caught give gave put put take took
come came go went read read (red)* tell told
do did have had ring rang think thought
drink drank hear heard say said win won
eat ate know knew see saw write wrote
* pronounced 'red'
I usually get up early, but this morning I got up at 9 o'clock.
We did a lot of work yesterday.
Caroline went to the cinema three times last week.
James came into the room, took off his coat and sat down.
32 ( was/were Unit 10 I didn't / Did you ... ? (negative and questions) 4 Unit 12 ago 4 Unit 19

Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box.
clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want
1 I cleaned my teeth three times yesterday.
2 It was hot in the room, so I .......................................the window.
3 The film was very long. It .......................................at 7.15 and..........................................at 10 o'clock.
4 When I was a child, I ........................................ to be a doctor.
5 The accident........................................ last Sunday afternoon.
6 The weather is nice today, but yesterday it .......................................all day.
7 W e........................................ our holiday last year. W e ........................................at a very nice place.
8 Anna's grandfather........................................when he was 90 years old.
Write the past simple of these verbs.
1 gee .... g
........ 4 pay ................. ................ 7 go ..................... .............. 10 know ....
2 see .......................... ....... 5 visit ................................. 8 think .............................. 11 put .......
3 play ................................ 6 buy ................. ............... 9 copy ................ .............. 12 speak ...
Last Tuesday Lisa (1) fe w from London to Madrid. She (2) up fty get
at 6 o'clock in the morning and (3) ................................ a cup of coffee. At 6.30 she have
(4) ...............................home and (5) .................................to the airport. When she leave, drive
(6)...............................there, she (7) .................................the car, (8) to the airport get, park, walk
building, and (9) .................................in. Then she (10) breakfast at a cafe check, have
and (11) ................................ for her flight. The plane(12) ..................................on time and wait, depart
(13) ...............................in Madrid two hours later. Finally she (14) a taxi arrive, take
from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid.
Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.).
1 James always goes to work by car. Yesterday he want.to work by c a r................................................................
2 Rachel often loses her keys. She...............................................................................................................................last week.
3 Kate meets her friends every evening. She......................................................................................yesterday evening.
4 I buy a newspaper every day. Yesterday I ...................................................................................................................................
5 We often go to the cinema at weekends. Last Sunday w e .............................................................................................
6 I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ..........................................................................................................................................
7 Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning h e.........................................................................................
8 Our friends often come to see us. They.............................................................................................................last Friday.
Write sentences about what you did yesterday.
1 1went to the theatre,.....................................
2 ................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................
Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.
CHECK-IN
Y Ma d r id a ir p o r t
Additional exercise 10 (page 256)

Unit
12
I didn't... Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)
We use did in past simple negatives and questions:
infinitive positive negative question
play
start
watch
have
see
do
go
1 played
we started
you watched
they had
he saw
she did
it went
1 play
we start
you
they
he
did not
(didn't)
watch
have
see
she do
it go
1 play?
we start?
you watch?
did they have?
he see?
she do?
it go?
do/does (present) —
» did (past):
O I don't watch TV very often.
I didn't watch TV yesterday.
O Does she often go away?
Did she go away last week?
We use did/didn't + infinitive (watch/play/go etc.):
I watched but I didn't watch (not I didn't watched)
they went did they go? (not did they went?)
he had he didn't have
you did did you do?
O I played tennis yesterday, but I didn't win.
O 'Did you do the shopping?' 'No, I didn't have time.'
O We went to the cinema, but we didn't enjoy the film.
Study the word order in questions:
did + subject + infinitive
Did your sister call you?
What did you do last night?
How did the accident happen?
Where did your parents go for their holiday?
Short answers
l/we/you/chey did
he/she/it
l/we/you/they ^
he/she/it
O 'Did you see Joe yesterday?' 'No, I didn't.'
O 'Did it rain on Sunday?' 'Yes, it did.'
O Did Helen come to the party?' No, she didn't.'
O Did your parents have a good holiday?' Yes, they did.'
f worked/got/went etc. (past simple) Unit 11

-xeroses
m Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1 I saw Barbara, but I didn’t see jane.
2 They worked on Monday, but they........................................................................on Tuesday.
3 We went to the post office, but w e ........................................................................to the bank.
4 She had a pen, but she........................................................................any paper.
5 Jack did French at school, but h e........................................................................German.
o Write questions with Did ... ?
I watched TV last night. How about you? Did you watch ..TV.la st night...
I enjoyed the party. How about you? ........................................................................
I had a good holiday. How about you? ........................................................................
I finished work early. How about you? ........................................................................
I slept well last night. How about you? ........................................................................
CD What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
(watch TV) !.watched.TV.... or !.didn’t watch TV..........
(get up before 7 o'clock) I ............................................................................................................
(have a shower) ...............................................................................................................
(buy a magazine) ...............................................................................................................
(eat meat) ..............................................................................................................
(go to bed before 10.30) ...............................................................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
6
t Z l Write B's questions. Use:
arrive cost go go to bed late happen have a nice time stay win
1 a : We went to New York last month.
b: W here....did.you s ta y .........................................?
a : With some friends.
5 a : We came home by taxi.
b: How m uch.................................................................?
a : Ten pounds.
2 a : 1was late for the meeting.
B: What tim e..................................................................?
a : Half past nine.
6 a : I'm tired this morning.
b: ...................................................................................?
a : No, but 1didn't sleep very well.
3 a : 1played tennis this afternoon.
B: .................................................................................. ?
a : No, 1lost.
7 a : We went to the beach yesterday.
b: ...................................................................................?
a : Yes, it was great.
^ a : 1had a nice holiday.
B. Good. W here...........................................................?
a : To the mountains.
8 a : The window is broken.
b: H ow ................................................................................?
a : 1don't know.
"ut the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
We went to the cinema, but the film wasn't very good. W e didn’t enjoy it. (enjoy)
1 T o m ................................................. some new clothes yesterday - two shirts, a jacket and a pullover, (buy)
............ yesterday?' 'No, it was a nice day.' (rain)
- .Ve were tired, so w e ................................................................long at the party, (stay)
: : was very warm in the room, so I ................................................................a window, (open)
r Did you phone Chris this morning?' 'No, I ................................................................time.' (have)
I cut my hand this morning.' 'H ow ................................................................. that?' (do)
• .Vhy weren't you at the meeting yesterday?' 'I................................................................about it.' (know)
I exercises 10-13 (page 256) 35

Unit
13 I was doing (past continuous)
m
It is 6 o'clock now.
Paul is at home.
He is watching TV.
At 4 o'clock he wasn't at home.
He was at the sports club.
He was swimming in the pool.
He wasn't watching TV.
was/were + -ing is the past continuous:
positive negative
1
he
she
it
was
we
you
they
were
doing
watching
playing
swimming
living
etc.
1
he
she
it
was not
(wasn't)
we
you
they
were not
(weren't)
question
doing
watching
playing
swimming
living
etc.
was
1
he
she
it
were
we
you
they
doing?
watching?
playing?
swimming?
living?
etc.
O What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working?
O 'What did he say?' 'I don't know. I wasn't listening.'
O It was raining so we didn't go out.
O In 2009 we were living in Canada.
O Today she's wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers.
O I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds
were singing
Spelling (live -» living / run —>running / lie -» lying etc.) —» Appendix 5
am/is/are +-ing (present) —>was/were + -ing (past):
I'm working (now).
It isn't raining (now).
What are you doing (now)?
past
O I was working at 10.30 last night.
O It wasn't raining when we went out.
O What were you doing at 3 o'clock?
36 ( was/were Unit 10 I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple) Unit 14

Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were
they doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
Exercises
L ; , fM'VP
L
A
T
F
C
5
R
'^ ^ S
1
I I
r / V 111
i ^
RACHEL JACK KATE TOM
at hom e at the cinem a in his car
w atch TV w atch a film drive
TRACEY
at the station
wait for a train
MR AND MRS HALL
in the park
w alk
1 Rachel,was at home. She was watching TV...............................................................................................
2 Jack and Kate........................................................................They.......................................................................................................
3 To m ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 And you? I ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1 At 8.45 she was washing her car.
7.10-7.25 7.30-8.10 8.30 - 9.00
breakfast
9.20-10.00
2 At 10.45 she
3 At 8 o'clock
4 At 12.10.........
5 At 7.15............
6 At 9.30............
Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary.
Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write
positive or negative sentences.
1 (wear / a jacket) He wasnY wearing a jacket,........................
2 (carry / a bag) ..................................................................................................
3 (go / to the dentist) .....................................................................................
4 (eat / an ice cream) ......................................................................................
5 (carry / an umbrella) ...................................................................................
6 (go / home) ......................................................................................................
7 (wear / a hat) ...................................................................................................
8 (ride / a bicycle) .............................................................................................
37

His phone rang.
What happened? His phone rang, (past simple)
What was Jack doing when his phone rang?
He was reading a book.
He stopped reading. He answered his
phone.
What did he do when his phone rang?
He stopped reading and answered his phone.
(past continuous)
(past simple)
Jack began reading before his phone rang.
So when his phone rang, he was reading.
he started
reading
his phone
rang
he stopped
reading
he was reading
he answered
his phone
______ i
pastsimple past continuous
O a: What did you do yesterday morning? O a: What were you doing at 10.30?
b: We played tennis, (from 10 to 11.30) b: We were playing tennis.
start finish start
10 o'clock 11.30
1 1
10 o'clock
i |
1
....................... 1
t / /
we played we were playing
complete action unfinished action
O Jack read a book yesterday. (= from O Jack was reading a book when his
beginning to end) phone rang.
O Did you watch the game on TV last Were you watching TV when I phoned
night? you?
O It didn't rain while we were on holiday. It wasn't raining when I got up.
O I started work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working.
O It was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out)
O I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop.
O Kelly fell asleep while she was reading.
38 ( I did (past simple) 4Units 11-12 I was doing (past continuous) ■
» Unit 13 while Unit 105 )

Exercises
The train................................................................(arrive)
at the station and Paula.................................................
(get) off. Two friends of hers, Jon and Rachel,
..........................................................................(wait) to
meet her.
3 Yesterday Sue............................................... (walk)
along the roadwhen she............................. (meet)
James. He................................................................(go)
to the station to catch a train and he
..........................................................(carry) a bag.
They...........................................................(stop) to
talk for a few minutes.
Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.
1 a: What was the weather like when you g o t (get) up this morning?
b: It was raining (rain).
2 a: Was Jane busy when you went to see her?
b: Yes, she...........................................................(study).
3 a: ...........................................................(Paul/call) you this morning?
b: Yes, he...........................................................(call) while.I .............................................................(have) breakfast.
4 a: Was Tracey at work today?
b: No, she...........................................................(not/go) to work. She was ill.
5 a: How fast........................................................................(you/drive) when the police
...........................................................(stop) you?
b: I'm not sure, but I ........................................................................(not/drive) very fast.
6 a: ..........................................................................(your team / win) the football match yesterday?
b: The weather was very bad, so w e...........................................................(not/play).
7 a : Ho w ........................................................................(you/break) the window?
b: W e (play) football...I ...........................................................(kick) the ball and
it...........................................................(hit) the window.
8 a: ..........................................................................(you/see) Jessica last night?
b: Yes, she..........................................................................(wear) a very nice jacket.
9 a: W hat..........................................................................(you/do) at 2 o'clock this morning?
b: I was asleep.
10 a : I ..........................................................(lose) my key last night.
b: Ho w ...........................................................(you/get) into your room?
a: I ..........................................................(climb) in through a window.
in the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
Lucy broke (break) her arm last week.
It................................................................(happen) when
she................................................................(paint) her
room. She.............................................................. (fall)
off the ladder.
Look at the pictures. Put the verbs

Unit
15 I have done (present perfect 1)
His shoes are dirty.
3
They are at home. They are going out.
j cleaned my shoee^
He has cleaned his shoes.
(= his shoes are clean now)
They have gone out.
(= they are not at home now)
has cleaned / have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle):
cleaned
finished have we finished? [ regular verbs
started
lost
done he done? I irregular
been hac been? verbs
gone
I
we
you
they
have ('ve)
have not (haven't)
he
she
it
has ('s)
has not (hasn't)
I cleaned?
have
we finished?
you started?
they lost?
he done?
has she been?
it gone?
past participle
Regular verbs The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple):
clean —>I have cleaned finish —
» we have finished start —>she has started
Irregular verbs The past participle is not -ed.
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same:
buy —
>I bought / 1have bought have —
>he had / he has had
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different:
break —
>I broke / 1have broken see -» you saw / you have seen
fall —>it fell / it has fallen go —>they went / they have gone
We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:
O I've lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now)
O 'Where's Rebecca?' 'She's gone to bed.' (= she is in bed now)
O We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now)
O It's Rachel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present. (= I don't have a present
for her now)
O 'Bob is away on holiday.' 'Oh, where has he gone?' (= where is he now?)
O Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? (= do you need it now?)
present perfect Units 16-19 present perfect and past simple Unit 20
irregular verbs Unit 24, Appendix 2-3______________________________________

Exercises
f O Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from the box.
go to bed clean his shoes stop raining
close the door fall down have a shower
—
> M They.
Hi 1 M M He.
—
> The.
H g | Complete the sentences with a verb from the box.
break buy decide finish forget go go
invite lose see not/see take tell not/tell
1 I y e jo s t my keys. I don't know where they are.
2 I ........................................................................some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
3 'Where is Helen?' 'She's not here. She...................................................................... out.'
4 I'm looking for Paula...................................you................................................. her?
5 Look! Somebody........................................................................that window.
6 'Does Lisa know that you're going away?' 'Yes, I ........................................................................her.'
7 I can't find my umbrella. Somebody........................................................................it.
8 'Where are my glasses?' 'I don't know. I ......................................................................them.'
9 I'm looking for Sarah. W here...............................she..................................................?
10 I know that woman, but I ........................................................................her name.
11 Sue is having a party tonight. She a lot of people.
12 What are you going to do? ...............................yo u..................................................?
13 a : Does Ben know about the meeting tomorrow?
B: I don't think so. I ........................................................................him.
14 I with this magazine. Do you want it?

I've just... I’ve already...
16 I haven't... yet (present perfect 2)
I've j u s t ...
ju s t = a short time ago
O a: Are Laura and Paul here?
b: Yes, they've ju s t arrived.
O a : Are you hungry?
b: N o, I've ju s t had dinner.
O a : Is Tom here?
b: N o, I'm afraid he's ju s t gone.
(= he has just gone)
I've already...
already = before you expected / before I expected
O a: What time are Laura and Paul coming?
b: They've already arrived.
(= before you expected)
O It's only 9 o'clock and Anna has already
gone to bed. (= before I expected)
O a : Jon, this is Emma.
b: Yes, I know. We've already met.
% m k
They have just arrived.
Yes, I know. We’ve
already met.
I haven't... yet / Have you ... yet?
yet = until now
We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences (I haven't... yet)
O a: Are Laura and Paul here?
b. No, they haven't arrived yet.
(but B expects Laura and Paul to arrive soon)
O a: Does James know that you're going away?
b: N o, I haven't told him yet.
(but B is going to tell him soon)
O Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn't worn it yet.
yet in questions (Have you ... yet?)
O a: Have Laura and Paul arrived yet?
b: N o, not yet. We're still waiting for them.
O a: Has Nicola started her new job yet?
b: No, she starts next week.
O a : This is my new dress.
b: Oh, it's nice. Have you worn it yet?
The film hasn't started yet.
42 ( present perfect Units 15,17-20 word order 4Unit 94 still, yet and already 4 Unit 95 )

Exercises
3 They......
4 The race
Write a sentence with just for each picture.
1 Theyyeju st arrived
2 H e............................................
Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
| g g } Write a sentence with just (They've ju s t... / She's ju s t... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet
(They haven't... yet / She hasn't... yet etc.).
CD afew minutes
go uM
<
(O
U
T
• *
(she / go / out)
Sha hasn’t.gpne out yet...
now {2} afew minutes
« . r
H lV-
now o/ew minutes
ago
(the bus / go)
The bus............
(the train / leave)
© o/ew minutes
ago
now | G
D o/ew minutes
ago
now © o/ew minutes
ago
(they / finish / their dinner) (it / stop / raining) u
Write questions with yet.
1 Your friend has a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her:
Have you s.ta.rtad.your naw ...............................................................................
2 Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him:
.......................you..................................................................................................................................................
3 Your friend has to pay her electricity bill. Perhaps she has paid it. You ask her:
4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend about Tom:

Unit
17 Have you ever... ? (present perfect 3)
Have you been
to Rome?
Have you ever
been to Japan?
Yes, I have.
Many times.
No, I've never
been to Japan.
We use the present perfect (have been / have had / have played etc.) when we talk about a time from
the past until now - for example, a persons life:
Have you ever been to Japan?
— timefrom the past until now -
past now
O 'Have you been to France?' 'No, I haven't.'
O I've been to Canada, but I haven't been to the United States.
O Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places.
O I've seen that woman before, but I can't remember where.
O How many times has Brazil won the World Cup?
O 'Have you read this book?' 'Yes, I've read it twice.' (twice = two times)
present perfect + ever (in questions) and never:
O 'Has Ann ever been to Australia?' 'Yes, once.' (once = one time)
O 'Have you ever played golf?' 'Yes, I play a lot.'
O My sister has never travelled by plane.
O I've never ridden a horse.
O 'Who is that man?' 'I don't know. I've never seen him before.'
gone and been
two weeks later
, Ben. ^
Ben has gone to Spain.
(= he is in Spain now)
Hi. I've been
on holiday. I've
been to Spain.
BEN
Ben has been to Spain.
(= he went to Spain, but now he is back)
Compare:
O I can't find Susan. Where has she gone? (= where is she now?)
O Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where have you been?
44 ( present perfect 4 Units 15-16,18 present perfect and past simple 4 Unit 20

You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever... ? Write the questions.
Helen
Exercises
1 (be / London?)
2 (play/golf?)
3 (be / Australia?)
4 (lose / your passport?)
5 (fly / in a helicopter?)
6 (win / a race?)
7 (be / New York?)
8 (drive / a bus?)
9 (break / your leg?)
Have you ever ^
Have you.ever playedjo lf ? ...........
Have..................................................................
No, never.
Yes, many times.
Yes, once.
No, never.
Yes, afew times.
No, never.
Yes, twice.
No, never.
Yes, once.
Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.)
1 (be / New York) S te 's bean,to Naw York twice........................................
2 (be / Australia) She...........................................................................................................
3 (win / a race) ........................................................................................................................
4 (fly / in a helicopter) ........................................................................................................
Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things?
5 (be / New York) I ...........................................................................................................
6 (play / tennis) ...................................................................................................................
7 (drive / a lorry) ................................................................................................................
8 (be / late for work or school) .................................................................................
Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done?
Mary
1 She has. had. manydifferentj'pbs..
2 She...................................................................
3 ..................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................
5 .....................................................................
6 ........................................................................
Jvum
1
1aVv be all over the world a lot of interesting things
do write many different jobs a lot of interesting people
travel meet ten books married three times
| Write gone or been.
1 Ben is on holiday at the moment. He's gone to Spain.
2 'Have you ever..................................... to Mexico?' 'No, never.'
3 My parents aren't at home at the moment. They've.....................................out.
4 There's a new restaurant in town. Have yo u ........................................ to it?
5 Rebecca loves Paris. She's........................................ there many times.
6 Helen was here earlier, but I think she's.........................................now.
7 'Where's Jessica?' 'She's not in the office. I think she's.........................................home.'
8 Hello, Sue. I was looking for you. Where have you.......................................?
-> Additional exercises 16,18 (pages 258-60)

Unit
18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
Helen is on holiday in Ireland.
She is there now.
She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Today is Thursday.
How long has she been in Ireland?
since Monday.
She has been in Ireland
Compare is and has been:
for three days.
She is in Ireland is = present
now.
She has been in Ireland
since Monday,
for three days.
has been = present perfect
Monday
Compare:
present simple
Dan and Kate are married.
Are you married?
Do you know Lisa?
I know Lisa.
Vicky lives in London.
I have a car.
now
Thursday
present perfect simple (have been / have lived / have known etc.)
They have been married for five years.
(not They are married for five years.)
How long have you been married?
(not How long are you married?)
How long have you known her?
(not How long do you know her?)
I've known her for a long time.
(not I know her fo r...)
How long has she lived in London?
She has lived there all her life.
How long have you had your car?
I've had it since April.
present continuous
I'm learning German.
David is watching TV.
It's raining.
present perfect continuous (have been + -ing)
How long have you been learning German?
(not How long are you learning German?)
I've been learning German for two years.
How long has he been watching TV?
He's been (= He has been) watching TV since 5 o'clock.
It's been (= It has been) raining all day.
( for and since 4 Units 19,104

Exercises
I Q ) Complete these sentences.
1 Helen is in Ireland She has been in Ireland since Monday.
2 I know Lisa. I have known her for a long time.
3 Sarah and Andy are married. They................................................................married since 2005.
4 Ben is ill. H e................................................................ill for the last few days.
5 We live in Scott Road. W e ................................................................there for a long time.
6 Catherine works in a bank. She................................................................there for five years.
7 Alan has a headache. H e a headache since he got up this morning.
8 I'm learning English. I ................................................................English for six months.
< f g j Make questions with How long.
lo o k at the pictures and complete the sentences with:
for ten minutes all day all her life
for ten years since he was 20 since Sunday
1 Thay have.been marrjed.for.i^nyears...............................................................................................
2 She....................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 They.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 The sun..........................................................................................................................................................................................
5 She....................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 H e......................................................................................................................................................................................................
w hich is right?
1 Mark lives / has lived in Canada since April, (has lived is right)
2 Jane and I are friends. I know / I've known her very well.
3 Jane and I are friends. I know / I've known her for a long time.
4 a: Sorry I'm late. How long are you waiting/ have you been waiting?
b: Not long. Only five minutes.
5 Luke works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot.
6 Ruth is reading a newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading it for two hours.
7 'How long do you live / have you lived in this house?' About ten years.'
8 'Is that a new coat?' 'No, I have / I've had this coat for a long time.'
9 Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / He has been there for the last three days.

Unit
19 for since ago
for and since
We use for and since to say how long:
Helen is in Ireland. She has been there
We use for + a period of time
(three days / two years etc.):
for three days
for three days,
since Monday.
We use since + the start of the period
(Monday / 9 o'clock etc.):
start of the
period
past now
for
three days ten minutes
an hour two hours
a week four weeks
a month six months
five years a long time
O Richard has been in Canada for six
months. (not since six months)
We've been waiting for two hours.
(not since two hours)
O I've lived in London for a long time.
Monday since Monday
past now
since
Monday Wednesday
9 o'clock 12.30
24 July Christmas
January I was ten years old
1985 we arrived
O Richard has been in Canada since
January. (= from January to now)
O We've been waiting since 9 o'clock.
(= from 9 o'clock to now)
O I've lived in London since I was ten
years old.
ago
ago = before now:
O Susan started her new job three weeks ago.(= three weeks before now)
O 'When did Tom go out?' Ten minutes ago.' (=ten minutes before now)
O I had dinner an hour ago.
O Life was very different a hundred years ago.
We use ago with the past (started/did/had/was etc.).
Compare ago and for:
O When did Helen arrive in Ireland?
She arrived in Ireland three days ago.
O How long has she been in Ireland?
She has been in Ireland for three days.
SitlllSfl
48 ( present perfect + for/since -> Unit 18 from/until/since/for ^ Unit 104 for and during^ Unit 105 )

Exercises
| Write for or since.
1 Helen has been in Ireland since Monday.
2 Helen has been in Ireland for three days.
3 My aunt has lived in Australia................................15 years.
4 Tina is in her office. She has been there...............................7 o'clock.
5 India has been an independent country...............................1947.
6 The bus is late. We've been waiting...............................20 minutes.
7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been em pty.................................many years.
8 Michael has been ill................................ a long time. He has been in hospital.................................October.
Answer these questions. Use ago.
1 When was your last meal? Thrcc.hcurs ago...............................................................
2 When was the last time you were ill?.....................................................................................................................................
3 When did you last go to the cinema?....................................................................................................................................
4 When was the last time you were in a car? ..........................................................................................................
5 When was the last time you went on holiday? ..........................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use for or ago with these words.
i ^
1 Helen arrived in Ireland Thraa days ago............................................................................................ (three days)
2 Helen has been in Ireland fo rthree days......................................................................................... (three days)
3 Lynn and Mark have been married........................................................................................................... (20 years)
4 Lynn and Mark got married........................................................................................................................... (20 years)
5 Dan arrived.............................................................................................................................................................. (anhour)
6 I bought these shoes.......................................................................................................................................... (a few days)
7 Silvia has been learning English.................................................................................................................... (sixmonths)
8 Have you known Lisa........................................................................................................................................ ? (a long time)
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 (Helen is in Ireland - she arrived there three days ago)
Hejen has boon j.n.lrcland.fo^ ....................................................................... L ............
2 (Jack is here - he arrived on Tuesday)
Jack has............................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 (It's raining - it started an hour ago)
It's been...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (I know Sue - I first met her in 2008)
I've............................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................
5 (Claire and Matt are married - they got married six monthsago)
Claire and Matt have..............................................................................................................................................................................
6 (Laura is studying medicine at university - she started threeyears ago)
Laura has.................................................................................................................................................’......................................................
7 (David plays the piano - he started when he was sevenyears old)
David has........................................................................................................................................................................................................
c m Write sentences about yourself. Begin your sentences with:
I've lived ... I've been ... I've been learning... I've known ... I've had ...
1 IVeJivcdjn th is town .fp.rthree^aars. ...............................
2 ...................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-*• Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 258-60)

Unit
20 I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)
With afinished time (yesterday / last week etc.), we use the past (arrived/saw/was etc.):
past +finished time
yesterday.
last week.
We arrived at 3 o'clock.
in 2002.
six months ago.
yesterday
last week
six months ago
finished time
past now
Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been etc.) with a finished time:
O I saw Paula yesterday.
(not I have seen)
O Where were you on Sunday afternoon?
(not Where have you been)
O We didn't have a holiday last year
(not We haven't had)
O 'What did you do last night?' 'I stayed at home.'
O William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays
and poems.
Use the past to ask When ... ? or What time ... ?:
O When did you buy your computer? (not When have you bought)
O What time did Andy go out? (not What time has Andy gone out)
Compare:
present perfect
O I have lost my key.
(= I can't find it now)
O Ben has gone home.
(= he isn't here now)
O Have you seen Kate?
(= where is she now?)
time until now
past now
O Have you ever been to Spain?
(= in your life, until now)
O My friend is a writer. He has written
many books.
O Sam hasn't phoned me yet.
O We've lived in Singapore for six years.
(= we live there now)
past
O I lost my key last week.
O Ben went home ten minutes ago.
O Did you see Kate on Saturday?
finished time ....................
past now
O Did you go to Spain last year?
O Shakespeare wrote many plays and
poems.
O Sam didn't phone me yesterday.
O We lived in Glasgow for six years, but
now we live in Singapore.
( past simple ^ Units 11-12 present perfect ^ Units 15-18

Exercises
Q ) Complete the answers to the questions.
Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
1 JVeJost my key. I can't find it.
2 Have you seen Kate yesterday?
3 I've finished my work at 2 o'clock.
4 I'm ready now. I've finished my work.
5 What time have you finished your work?
6 Sue isn't here. She's gone out.
7 Steve's grandmother has died two years ago.
8 Where have you been last night?
OK................
..Qidyousee..
£ £ } Put the verb in the present perfect or past.
1 My friend is a writer. H e has written (write) many books.
2 W e didn’t have (not/have) a holiday last year.
3 I .............................................................. (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
4 What tim e.............................................................. (you/go) to bed last night?
5 ................................................................(you ever meet) a famous person?
6 The weather.............................................................. (not/be) very good yesterday.
7 Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) many countries.
8 I .............................................................. (switch) off the light before going out this morning.
9 I live in New York now, but I (live) in Mexico for many years.
10 'What's Canada like? Is it beautiful?' 'I don't know. I ................................................................(not/be) there.'
^ut t^
ie verk *n t^
ie Present perfect or past.
1 a : ttayeym .eyer been, (you/ever/be) to Florida?
b: Yes, w e went (go) there on holiday two years ago.
a : (you/have) a good time?
b: Yes, it (be) great.
2 a : Where's Alan? .............................................................. (you/see) him?
b: Yes, h e................................................................(go) out a few minutes ago.
a : And Rachel?
b: I don't know. I .............................................................. (not/see) her.
3 Rose works in a factory. She................................................................(work) there for six months.
Before that she (be) a waitress in a restaurant. She
(work) there for two years, butshe...................................................
(not/enjoy) it very much.
4 a : Do you know Mark's sister?
b: I ...........................................................(see) her a few times, but.I ...........................................................
(never/speak) to her. ........................................................................................(you/ever/speak) to her?
a : Yes. I (meet) her at a party last week. She's very nice.
Additional exercises 19-23, 29-31 (pages 260-62, 265-67)

Unit
21 is done was done (passive 1)
The office is cleaned every day.
The office was cleaned yesterday.
Compare active and passive:
Somebody cleans the office everyday.
I
"The office is cleaned every day.
Somebody cleaned the office yesterday.
The office was cleaned yesterday.
(active)
(passive)
(active)
(passive)
The passive is:
present simple
past simple
past participle
am/is/are
was/were
(not)
cleaned done
invented built
injured taken etc.
The past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned/damaged etc.).
For a list of irregular past participles (done/built/taken etc.), see Appendix 2-3.
□ Butter is made from milk.
O Oranges are imported into Britain.
O How often are these rooms cleaned?
O I am never invited to parties.
O This house was built 100 years ago.
O These houses were built 100 years ago.
O When was the telephone invented?
O We weren’t invited to the party last week.
O 'Was anybody injured in the accident?' 'Yes, two people were taken to hospital.’
was/were born
O I was born in Berlin in 1993. (
n
o
tIam born)
O 'Where were you born?' 'In Cairo.'
passive + by ...
O The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. (= Alexander Bell invented it)
O I was bitten by a dog a few days ago.
O Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine.
52
is being done / has been done Unit 22
active and passive ^ Appendix 1
irregular verbs *♦ Unit 24, Appendix 2-3 by Unit 111

j a m Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions.
Sentences 1-7 are present.
1 (the office / clean / every day)..................................Th eo jficeje cleaned everyday,.................
2 (how often / these rooms / clean?)........................How o ften .are th e s e .room s ceaned?.
3 (glass / make / from sand) Glass..................................................................................
4 (the windows / clean / every two weeks) .............................................................................................
5 (this room / not / use / very much)...............................................................................................................
Exercises
6 (we / allow / to park here?)..........................................................................................................................
7 (how / this word / pronounce?)................................................................................................................
Sentences 8-15 are past.
8 (the office / clean / yesterday) The o f f ic e
9 (the house / paint / last month) The house............................................................
10 (my phone / steal / a few days ago) .....................................................................................
11 (three people / injure / in the accident) .....................................................................................
12 (when / this bridge / build?) .....................................................................................
13 (I / not / wake up / by the noise) .....................................................................................
14 (how / these windows / break?) .....................................................................................
15 (you / invite / to Jon's party last week?) .....................................................................................
g n t i These sentences are not correct. Correct them.
1 Thishouse^b^ 100 years ago..............................................................This.housa was. built
2 Football plays in most countries of the world..................................................................................
3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address?..............................................................................
4 A film studio is a place where films make................................. ..........................................................
5 Where are you born?........................................................................................................................................
6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? ..........................................................
7 Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen.................................................................
8 When was invented the bicycle?..............................................................................................................
IT K l Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
-dearh damage find give invite make make show steal take
1 The room te.deaned every day.
2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people Wjsre.tak.an to hospital.
3 Paper.............................................................. from wood.
4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the room s................................................................
5 'Where did you get this picture?' 'It................................................................to me by a friend of mine.'
6 Many American programmes...............................................................on British TV.
7 'Did James and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. They............................................................, but they didn't go.'
8 'How old is this film?' 'It in 1985.'
9 My car............................................................last week, but the next day it .....................................................................by
the police.
|I K | Where were they born?
1 (Ian / Edinburgh) ......................................................................................................
2 (Sarah / Manchester) Sarah...........................................................................................................................................................
3 (her parents / Ireland) H er...............................................................................................................................................................
4 (you / ???) I ......................................................................................................................................................................
5 (your mother / ???) ........................................................................................................................................................................
53

Unit
is being done has been done (passive 2)
j | is/are being ... (present continuous passive)
■i mmmmm ■■
■i ii Somebody is painting the door . (active)
The door is being painted. (passive)
■I
O My car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it)
O Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody is building them)
Compare the present continuous and present simple:
O The office is being cleaned at the moment, (continuous)
The office is cleaned every day. (simple)
O Football matches are often played at the weekend, but no matches are being played next
weekend.
For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 25.
has/have been ... (present perfect passive)
before now
mSomebody has painted the door . (active)
The door has been painted. (passive)
I WET
I I I i
mm
O My key has been stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)
O My keys have been stolen. (= somebody has stolen them)
O I'm not going to the party. I haven't been invited. (= nobody has invited me)
O Has this shirt been washed? (= has somebody washed it?)
Compare the present perfect and past simple:
O The room isn't dirty any more. It has been cleaned, (present perfect)
The room was cleaned yesterday, (past simple)
O I can't find my keys. I think they've been stolen, (present perfect)
My keys were stolen last week, (past simple)
For the present perfect and past simple, see Unit 20.
54 ( is done / was done Unit 21 active and passive Appendix 1
)

Exercises
| What's happening?
0
^
4
f
(2) a
T i 1
r
v _______ ~
r
V ' V j J *11
. , . «
1 The car isbeiH3repaired, 3 The windows.
2 A bridge.............................................................................. 4 The grass.........
£ | jp
1 (the office / clean) The office .is being, cleaned,................................................................................................................
2 (the shirts / iron) Th e.sh irty ..............................................................................................................
3 (the window / break) The window.............................................................................................................................................
4 (the roof / repair) The roof...............................................................................................................................................................
5 (the car / damage) .................................................................................................................................................................................
6 (the houses / knock / down) ..........................................................................................................................................................
7 (the trees / cut / down) ......................................................................................................................................................................
8 (they / invite / to a party) ..................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. (Study Unit 21 before you do this exercise.)
1 I can't use my office at the moment. It fe M n g .p .in ted (paint).
2 We didn't go to the party. W e wargn’t inyiTad (not/invite).
3 The washing machine was broken, but it's OK now. It ................................................................................(repair).
4 The washing machine..............................................................................(repair) yesterday afternoon.
5 A factory is a place where things..............................................................................(make).
6 How old are these houses? W hen................................................................................(they/build)?
7 a : ................................................................................ (the photocopier / use) at the moment?
b: N o, you can go ahead and use it.
8 I've never seen these flowers before. W hat................................................................................(they/call)?
9 My sunglasses................................................................................(steal) at the beach yesterday.
10 The bridge is closed at the moment. It ................................................................................(damage) last week and
it ..............................................................................................................(not/repair) yet.
Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous
(is/are being...) or the present perfect (has/have been ...).
Additional exercises 24-27 (pages 263-64) 55

O I'm never invited to parties.
O Butter is made from milk.
O These offices aren't cleaned every day.
O The office was cleaned yesterday.
O These houses were built 100 years ago.
O How was the window broken?
O Where were you born?
have/has + past participle (cleaned/lost/eaten/been etc.)
have/has + past participle
(present perfect)
—
>Units 15-18
O I've cleaned my room.
O Tom has lost his passport.
O Kate hasn't been to Canada.
O Where have Paul and Emma gone?
do/does/did + infinitive (clean/like/eat/go etc.)
do/does + infinitive
(present simple negative
and questions)
—» Units 6-7
did + infinitive
(past simple negative and
questions)
-» Unit 12
O I like coffee, but I don't like tea.
O Chris doesn't go out very often.
O What do you usually do at weekends?
O Does Sam live alone?
O I didn't watch TV yesterday.
O It didn't rain last week.
O What time did Paul and Emma go out?
56 ( irregular verbs ^ Unit 24, Appendix 2-3
)

Exercises
Write is/are or do/does.
1 ...... ... .. you work in the evenings?
2 W here are they going?
3 W h y you looking at me?
4 Ben live near you?
5 you like cooking?
6 the sun shining?
7 What tim e the shops close?
8 Maria working today?
9 W hat this word mean?
10 you feeling all right?
Write am not/isn't/aren't or don't/doesn't. All these sentences are negative.
1 Tom doesn't work at weekends.
2 I'm very tired. I want to go out this evening.
3 I'm very tired. I ........................................going out this evening.
4 G ary........................................working this week. He's on holiday.
5 My parents are usually at home. They........................................go out very often.
6 Nicola has travelled a lot, but she speak any foreign languages.
7 You can turn off the television. I watching it.
8 Lisa has invited us to her party next week, but w e ........................................going.
{ £ £ ) Write was/were/did/have/has.
1 W here were your shoes made?
2 ...............................you go out last night?
3 W hat................................ you doing at 10.30?
4 W here................................ your mother born?
5 ...............................Laura gone home?
What time.
W hen...........
..........................she go?
these houses built?
. Steve arrived yet?
you go home early?
9 W h y....................
10 How long.................................they been married?
| Write is/are/was/were/have/has.
1
2
3
4
5
6 I .......................just made some coffee. Would you like some?
7 Glass.......................made from sand.
8 This is a very old photograph. It taken a long time ago.
9 David.......................bought a new car.
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form.
Joe has lost his passport.
This bridge.........................built ten years ago.
.........................you finished your work yet?
This town is always clean. The streets.........................cleaned every day.
W here.........................you born?
damage
listen
rain
use
enjoy
open
-ge-
go
pronounce
understand
eat
1 I'm going to take an umbrella with me. It's raining......
2 Why are you so tired? Did yo u QQ to bed late last night?
3 Where are the chocolates? Have yo u ................................................ them all?
4 How is your new job? Are yo u................................................ it?
5 My car was badly................................................ in the accident, but I was OK.
6 Kate has got a car, but she doesn't it very often.
7 Lisa isn't at home. She has away for a few days.
8 I don't...............................................the problem. Can you explain it again?
9 Mark is in his room. He's................................................ to music.
10 I don't know how to say this word. How is it ................................................?
11 How do you...............................................this window? Can you show me?

Unit
24 Regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs
The past simple and past participle of regular verbs is -ed:
clean —>cleaned live —
» lived paint —
>paintedstudy —>studied
Past simple (—>Unit 11)
I cleaned my room yesterday.
Chris studied engineering at university.
Past participle
have/has + past participle (present perfect —» Units 15-18):
O I have cleaned my room.
O Tina has lived in London for ten years.
be (is/are/were/has been etc.) + past participle (passive —» Units 21-22):
O These rooms are cleaned every day.
O My car has been repaired.
Irregular verbs
The past simple and past participle of irregular verbs do not end in -ed:
make break cut
past simple made broke cut
past participle made broken cut
make find buy cut
made found bought cut
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same. For example:
past simple
past participle
O I made a cake yesterday, (past simple)
O I have made some coffee, (past participle - present perfect)
O Butter is made from milk, (past participle - passive present)
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different. For example:
break know begin go
past simple broke knew began went
past participle broken known begun gone
O Somebody broke this window last night, (past simple)
O Somebody has broken this window, (past participle - present perfect)
O This window was broken last night, (past participle - passive past)
u — r
1 W
58 ( irregular verbs Appendix 2-3 spelling (regular verbs) Appendix 5
D

Exercises
c m Write the past simple / past participle of these verbs. (The past simple and past participle are the
same for all the verbs in this exercise.)
1 make made..................... 6 enjoy ...................................
2 cut cu t.......................... 7 buy ...................................
3 get ...................................... 8 sit ....................................
4 bring ...................................... 9 leave .....................................
5 pay ...................................... 10 happen ......................................... 15
Write the past simple and past participle of these verbs.
11 hear
12 put
13 catch
14 watch
15 understand
1 break broke broken 8 come
2 begin
eat
9 know
3 10 take
4 drink 11 go
give
throw
5 drive 12
6 speak
write
13
7 14 forget
Put the verb in the right form.
1 I washed my hands because they were dirty, (wash)
2 Somebody has broken this window, (break)
3 I feel good. I ..........................................very well last night, (sleep)
4 W e.......................................a really good film yesterday, (see)
5 It a lot while we were on holiday, (rain)
6 I've.......................................my bag. Have yo u it? (lose / see)
7 Rosa's bicycle w as........................................ last week, (steal)
8 I to bed early because I was tired, (go)
9 Have yo u your work yet? (finish)
10 The shopping centre w as........................................about 20 years ago. (build)
11 A nna.......................................to drive when she was 18. (learn)
12 I've never......................................a horse, (ride)
13 Jessica is a good friend of mine. I've her for a long time, (know)
14 Yesterday I ....................................... and.........................................my leg. (fall / hurt)
15 My brother in the London Marathonlast year. Have you ever..................................
in a marathon? (run / run)
g g Complete these sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form.
cost drive fly make meet sell
speak swim tell think wake up win
1 I have fliade some coffee. Would you like some?
2 Have yo u ........................................John about your new job?
3 We played basketball on Sunday. We didn't play very well, but w e ........................................the game.
4 I know Gary, but I've never........................................his wife.
5 We were.......................................by loud music in the middle of the night.
6 Stephanie jumped into the river and to the other side.
7 'Did you like the film?' 'Yes, I it was very good.'
8 Many different languages are in the Philippines.
9 Our holiday a lot of money because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
10 Have you ever........................................ a very fast car?
11 All the tickets for the concert were very quickly.
12 A bird.........................................in through the open window while we were having our dinner.

25 What are you doing tomorrow?
Unit
today is Sunday
Q ’mplaying tennis tomorrow.^
They are playing tennis (now). He is playing tennis tomorrow.
I’mgoing to a
concert tomorrow.
We use am/is/are + -ing (present continuous) for something happening now:
O 'Where are Tina and Helen?' 'They're playing tennis in the park.'
O Please be quiet. I'm working.
We also use am/is/are + -ing for thefuture (tomorrow / next week etc.):
O Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow.
O I'm not working next week.
I am doing something tomorrow = I have arranged to do it, I have a plan to do it:
O Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday.
(= she has an appointment with the dentist)
O We're having a party next weekend.
O Are you meeting your friends tonight?
O What are you doing tomorrow evening?
O I'm not going out tonight. I'm staying at home.
You can also say Tm going to do something' (—
>Unit 26).
We use the present continuous (I'm staying / are you coming etc.) to say what somebody has arranged
to do:
O I'm staying at home this evening. (not I stay)
O Are you going out tonight? (not Do you go)
O Lisa isn't coming to the party next week, (not Lisa doesn't come)
But we use the present simple (start, arrives etc.) for timetables, programmes, trains, buses etc.:
O The train arrives at 7.30.
O What time does the film finish?
W
m
m
m
w
A
Compare:
present continuous (usually for people)
O I'm going to a concert tomorrow.
O What time are you leaving?
present simple (for timetables, programmes etc.)
O The concert starts at 7.30.
O What time does your train leave?
60 ( present continuous Units 3-4 present simple Units 5-7 Tm going to . Unit 26

Exercises
ANDREW RICHARD RACHEL KAREN SUE AND TOM
1 Andrew is....................................................
2 Richard........................................................to the cinema.
3 Rachel..................................................................................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................................lunch with Will.
5 .................................................................................................................................................
Write questions. All the sentences are future.
1 (you / go / out / tonight?) A reyo u .g o in ^
2 (you / work / next week?) ......................................................................
3 (w h at/yo u /d o /to m o rro w evening?) ......................................................................
4 (what time / your friends / come?) ......................................................................
5 (when / Lisa / go / on holiday?) ......................................................................
| Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?
1 I’m stayin.g.athom a tonight........................................................................................................................................................
2 1
’m .g p jn ato ^ ........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 ......................................................... .........
4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ,........................................................................................................................................................................
| Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc.) or present simple (the train leaves etc.).
1 ' Araypu.gping, (you/go) out tonight?' 'No, I'm too tired.'
2 W eVejojng (we/go) to a concert tonight I.t s t a r t s (it/start) at 7.30.
3 Do you know about Sarah? ..............................................................................(she/get) married next month!
4 a : My parents (go) on holiday next week.
b: Oh, that's nice. W here................................................................................(they/go)?
5 Silvia is doing an English course at the moment. The course..............................................................................
(finish) on Friday.
6 There's a party tomorrow night, b ut.............................................................................. (I/not/go).
7 ................................................................................(I/go) out with some friends tonight. Why don't you come
too? ................................................................................(we/meet) at the Royal Hotel at 8 o'clock.
8 a : Ho w (you/get) home after the party tomorrow? By taxi?
b: No, I can go by bus. The last bus..............................................................................(leave) at midnight.
9 a : .............................................................................. (you/come) with us to the cinema tonight?
b: Yes, what tim e................................................................................(the film / begin)?
10 a : W hat................................................................................(you/do) tomorrow afternoon?
b: ..............................................................................(I/work).

I'm going to do something
Qm going to watch TV this evening
morning this evening
She is going to watch TV this evening.
We use am/is/are going to ... for thefuture:
1 am do ...
he/she/it is (not) going to d rin k...
we/you/they are watch ...
am 1 b u y... ?
is he/she/it going to e a t... ?
are we/you/they w ear... ?
I am going to do something = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:
I decided to do it ------------------ ► I'm going to do it
past now future
O I'm going to buy some books tomorrow.
O Sarah is going to sell her car.
O I'm not going to have breakfast this morning. I'm not hungry.
O What are you going to wear to the wedding next week?
'Your hands are dirty.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to wash them.'
O Are you going to invite Mark to your party?
We also use the present continuous (I am doing) for the future, usually for arrangements (—>Unit 25):
I am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow.
Something is going to happen
Something is going to happen = we can see now
that it is sure to happen:
O Look at the sky! It's going to rain.
(black clouds now —
>rain)
O Oh dear! It's 9 o'clock and I'm not ready.
I'm going to be late.
(9 o'clock now and not ready —
» late)
( present for the future 4Unit 25 will Units 27-28
D

Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs:
do eat give lie down stay walk wash watch wear
with some friends.
1 My hands are dirty. iM.goi.ng_ to wash them.
2 W hat amyou.goina to wear to the party tonight?
3 Its a nice day. I don't want to take the bus. I ...........................................................
4 Steve is going to London next week. H e.....................................................................
5 I'm hungry. I ................................................................................this sandwich.
6 Its Sarah's birthday next week. W e ................................................................................her a present.
7 Sue says she's feeling very tired. She................................................................................for an hour.
8 Your favourite programme is on TV tonight.............................yo u ..........................................................
9 W hat............................. Rachel................................................................................. when she leaves school?
it?
Look at the pictures. What is going to happen?
Q • • M u *
© ^
m
©
i l
1
H H /
7 « ■
1 |t,5..going.tp.rain,
2 The shelf......................
3 The car..........................
4 H e....................................
What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences.
1 I'm .....................................................................................................................................................
3

Unit
27 will/shall 1
Sarah goes to work every day. She is always
there from 8.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 o'clock now. Sarah is at work.
At 11 o'clock yesterday, she was at work.
At 11 o'clock tomorrow, she will be at work.
SARAH
will + infinitive (will be / will win / will come etc.):
be
l/we/you/they will ('II) win
he/she/it will not (won't) eat
come etc.
be?
will
l/we/you/they win?
he/she/it eat?
come? etc.
II = will: 1
1
1 (I w ill)/you'll/shell etc.
won't = will not: I won't (= I will not) / you won't / she won't etc.
We use will for thefuture (tomorrow / next week etc.):
O Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she'll be in Rome. Next week she'll be
in Tokyo.
O You can call me this evening. I'll be at home.
O Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it.
O We'll probably go out this evening.
Will you be at home this evening?
O
o I won't be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here)
O Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep.
We often say I think ... w ill...
O I think Kelly will pass the exam.
O I don't think it will rain this afternoon.
O Do you think the exam will be difficult?
We do not use will for things we have already arranged or decided to do (—
»Units 25-26):
O We're going to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to comewith us? (not We will go)
O I'm not working tomorrow. (not I won't work)
O Are you going to do the exam? (not Will you do)
shall
You can say I shall (= I will) and we shall (= we will):
O I shall be late tomorrow, or I will (I'll) be late tomorrow.
O I think we shall win. or I think we will (we'll) win
But do not use shall with you/they/he/she/it:
O Tom will be late. (not Tom shall be)
64 ( What are you doing tomorrow? -» Unit 25 I'm going to ... ^ Unit 26 will/shall 2 ^ Unit 28

Exercises
Helen is travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences
1 Yesterday..she w as.......jn Paris.
2 Tomorrow.......................................in Amsterdam.
3 Last w eek........................................ in Barcelona.
4 Next w eek.......................................in London.
5 At the m om ent........................................ in Brussels.
6 Three days ago.......................................in Munich.
7 At the end of her trip ........................................very tired.
Helen
| Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:
I'll b e ... or I'll probably be ... or I don't know where I'll be.
1 (at 10 o'clock tomorrow) llLpCQbably.be on the .beach,......................................................................................
2 (one hour from now) .....................................................................................................................................................................
3 (at midnight tonight) .............................................................................................................,.......................................................
4 (at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon) .........................................................................................................................................
5 (two years from now) .....................................................................................................................................................................
f g ) Put in w ill ('II) or won't.
1 Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won’t sleep.
2 Are you ready yet?' 'Not yet. I.....................................be ready in five minutes.'
3 I'm going away for a few days. I'm leaving tonight, so I be at home tomorrow.
4 It .....................................rain, so you don't need to take an umbrella.
5 a : I don't feel very well this evening.
b: Well, go to bed early and yo u ........................................feel better in the morning.
6 It's Ben's birthday next Monday. H e.......................................be 25.
7 I'm sorry I was late this morning. It happen again.
Write sentences with I th in k ... or I don't th in k . . . .
1 (Kelly will pass the exam) (think Kelly.wlll.pas........................... ........................................................................
2 (Kelly won't pass the exam) !.don’t think Kelly wil| p ass the exam,...........................................................
3 (we'll win the game) I ...................................................................................................................................................
4 (I won't be here tomorrow) ....................................................................................................................................
5 (Sue will like her present) ....................................................................................................................................
6 (they won't get married) ....................................................................................................................................
7 (you won't enjoy the film) ....................................................................................................................................
Which is right? (Study Unit 25 before you do this exercise.)
1 We'll go / We're going to the theatre tonight. We've got tickets. (We're going is right)
2 'What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?' 'Nothing. I'm free.'
3 They'll go / They're going away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8.40.
4 I'm sure your aunt will lend / is lending us some money. She's very rich.
5 'Why are you putting on your coat?' 'I'll go / I'm going out.'
6 Do you think Clare will phone / is phoning us tonight?
7 Steve can't meet us on Saturday. He'll work / He's working.
8 Will you / Shall you be at home tomorrow evening?
9 a : What are your plans for the weekend?
b: Some friends will come / are coming to stay with us.
with she was, she's or she'll be.
PARIS (yesterday)
AMSTERDAM
LONDON
(tomorrow)
(next week)
• BRUSSELS (now)
MUNICH
(3 days ago)
BARCELONA*
(last week)
65

Unit
28 will/shall 2
You can use I'll... (I will) when you offer something or decide to do something:
G 'My bag is very heavy.' Til carry it for you.'
O Til phone you tomorrow, OK?' 'OK, bye.'
We often say I think 111... 1 1don't think 111... when we decide to do something:
O I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed early tonight.
O It's a nice day. I think I'll sit outside.
Q It's raining. I don't think I'll go out.
Do not use the present simple (I go / 1phone etc.) in sentences like these:
Q I'll phone you tomorrow, OK? (not I phone you)
O I think I'll go to bed early, (not I go to bed)
Do not use I'll... for something you decided before (-» Units 25-26):
O I'm working tomorrow. (not I'll work)
O I don't want my car any more. I'm going to sell it. (not I'll sell)
O What are you doing at the weekend? (not What will you do)
Shall I ... ? Shall we ... ?
(That's the doorbell. Shall I go?J
— — ^
Shall I / Shall we ... ? = Do you chink this is a good thing to do? Do you think this is a good idea?
O It’s very warm in this room. Shall I open the window?
'Shall I phone you this evening?’ 'Yes, please.’
I’m going to a party tonight. What shall I wear?
It's a nice day. Shall we go for a walk?
Where shall we go for our holidays this year?
'Let's go out this evening.' 'OK, what time shall we meet?’
□
o
o
o
o
66
What are you doing tomorrow? ■
Let’s -► Units 35,53
Unit 25 I’m going to . ^ Unit 26 will/shall 1 ^ Unit 27

Exercises
o n Complete the sentences. Use I'll (I will) + these verbs:
carry do eat show sit stay
Complete the sentences. Use I think I'll... or I don’t think I'll... + these verbs:
buy buy -go- have play
1 It’s cold today...Idon’tth in kJILg p ..........................................................................................................................................out.
2 I'm hungry. I .........................................................................................................................................................something to eat.
3 I feel very tired..............................................................................................................................................................................tennis.
4 I like this hat...........................................................................................................................................................................................it.
5 This camera is too expensive......................................................................................................................................................... it.
Which is right?
1 I phone / I'll phone you tomorrow, OK? (I'll phone right)
2 I haven't done the shopping yet. I do / I'll do it later.
3 I like sport. I watch / I'll watch a lot of sport on TV.
4 I need some exercise. I think I go / I'll go for a walk.
5 Carl is going to buy /will buy a new car. He told me last week.
6 'This book belongs to Tina.' 'OK. I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.’
7 a: Are you doing / Will you do anything this evening?
b: Yes, I'm going / I’ll go out with some friends.
8 I can't go out with you tomorrow night. I work / I'm working / I'll work.
Write sentences with Shall I .
make
t>pen
? Choose from the two boxes.
turn off
turn on
some sandwiches
the light
the TV
the window
SL
It's very warm in this room.
This programme isn't very good.
I'm hungry.
It's dark in this room.
..ShajJJ opan
Write sentences with Shall we ... ? Choose from the two boxes.
Let's go out tonight.
Let's have a holiday.
Let's spend some money.
Let's have a party.

Unit
29 might
WMUk m He might go to New York.
(= it is possible that he will go to New York)
It might rain.
(= it is possible that it will rain)
might + infinitive (might go / might be / might rain etc.):
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
might (not)
be
go
play
come etc.
O
O
o
o
I might = it is possible that I will:
I might go to the cinema this evening, but I'm not sure. (= it is possible that I will go)
a: When is Rebecca going to phone you?
b: I don't know. She might phone this afternoon.
Take an umbrella with you. It might rain.
Buy a lottery ticket. You might be lucky. (= perhaps you will be lucky)
a: Are you going out tonight?
b: I might. (= I might go out)
Study the difference:
O I'm playing tennis tomorrow, (sure)
I might play tennis tomorrow, (possible)
O Rebecca is going to phone later, (sure)
Rebecca might phone later, (possible)
I might not = it is possible that I will not:
O I might not go to work tomorrow.
(= it is possible that I will not go)
O Sue might not come to the party.
(= it is possible that she will not come)
may
You can use may in the same way. I may = I might:
O I may go to the cinema this evening. (= I might go)
O Sue may not come to the party. (= Sue might not come)
May I ... ? = Is it OK to ... ? / Can I ... ?:
O May I ask a question? (= is it OK to ask / can I ask?)
O 'May I sit here?' 'Yes, of course.'
68 ( will Units 27-28 can -► Unit 30

Exercises
Write sentences with might.
1 (it's possible that I'll go to the cinema)
2 (it's possible that I'll see you tomorrow)
3 (it's possible that Sarah will forget to phone)
4 (it's possible that it will snow today)
5 (it's possible that I'll be late tonight)
Lm iaht.go.& thacinam a,.
Write sentences with might not.
6 (it's possible that Mark will not be here next week)
7 (it's possible that I won't have time to go out) .........
Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas, but you are not sure. Choose
from the list and write sentences with I might.
fish go away 4taJy^ Monday a new car taxi
You ask Ben questions about his plans for tomorrow. Sometimes he is sure, but usually he is not
sure.
Are you playing tennis tomorrow?
Are you going out tomorrow evening?
Are you going to get up early?
Are you working tomorrow?
Will you be at home tomorrow morning?
Are you going to watch TV?
Are you going out in the afternoon?
Are you going shopping?
Yes, in the afternoon,
Possibly.
Perhaps.
No, I'm not.
Maybe.
I might.
Yes, I am.
Perhaps.
Ben
Now write about Ben. Use might where necessary.
...H
.is’s.playing.tennis,tpmprrpw.afternppn,
..H6.mia.ht..ggouttpmprrpweyan ..........
He,
| vVrite three things that you might do tomorrow.
3

Unit
30 can and could
Ican play
He can play the piano,
can + infinitive (can do / can play / can come etc):
do
l/we/you/they can play
he/she/it can't (cannot) see
come etc.
do?
ran l/we/you/they play?
Cdl 1
he/she/it see?
come? etc.
I can do something = I know how to do it, or it is possible for me to do it:
O I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano too.
O Sarah can speak Italian, but she can't speak Spanish.
O a: Can you swim?
b: Yes, but I'm not a very good swimmer.
O a: Can you change twenty pounds?
b: I'm sorry, I can't.
O I'm having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel can't come.
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), we use could/couldn't:
O When I was young, I could run very fast.
O Before Maria came to Britain, she couldn't understand much English. Now she can
understand everything.
O I was tired last night, but I couldn't sleep.
O I had a party last week, but Paul and Rachel couldn't come.
Can you ... ? Could you ... ? Can I ... ? Could I ... ?
We use Can you ... ? or Could you ... ? when we ask people to do things:
O Can you open the door, please? or Could you open the door, please?
O Can you wait a moment, please? or Could you wait... ?
We use Can I have ... ? or Can I g e t ... ? to ask for something:
O Can I have a glass of water, please? or Can I get...?
Can I ? or Could I ... ? = is it OK to do something?:
O Can I sit here?
O Tom, could I borrow your umbrella?
70 ( May I ... ?-» Unit 29

Exercises
^ jQ Q |
3
1
Ask Steve if he can do these things:
Steve
Can you swim?
10 kilometres
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can't
7 1..................................................................................................... 10 ..........................................................
Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs:
come find hear see speak
1 I'm sorry, but w e can t com e to your party next Saturday.
2 I like this hotel room. You................................................................the mountains from the window.
3 You are speaking very quietly. I ................................................................you.
4 Have you seen my bag? I ................................................................it.
5 Catherine got the job because she................................................................five languages.
Complete these sentences. Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs:
decide eat find go go sleep
1 I was tired, but I QOudnteeep
2 I wasn't hungry yesterday. I ................................................................................my dinner.
3 Kate doesn't know what to do. She................................................................................
4 I wanted to speak to Mark yesterday, but I ................................................................................him.
5 James..............................................................................to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
6 Paula..............................................................................to the meeting last week. She was ill.
What do you say in these situations? Use can or could.
CD (open/door)
Cpuldypuopan
.th edoor,peaeeZ
) (turn off/radio) © (use/pen)

Unit
31 must mustn't don't need to
must + infinitive (must do / must work etc.):
It’s a fantastic film.
You must see it.
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
do
must go
see
eat etc.
. ; ............. .... ......... ....
I must (do something) = I need to do it:
O I'm very hungry. I must eat something.
O It's a fantastic film. You must see it.
O The windows are very dirty. We must clean them.
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), we use had to ... (not must):
O I was very hungry. I had to eat something.(not I must eat)
O We had to walk home last night. There wereno buses. (not We must walk)
mustn't (= must not)
I mustn't (do something) = it is necessary not to do it,
it is the wrong thing to do:
O I must go. I mustn't be late.
O I mustn't forget to phone Chris.
(= I must remember to phone her)
O Be happy! You mustn't be sad. (= don't be sad)
O You mustn't touch the pictures.
(= don't touch the pictures)
You mustn’t touch
the pictures.
don't need to
I don't need (to do something) = it is not necessary:
O I don't need to go yet. I can stay a little longer.
O You don't need to shout. I can hear you OK.
You can also say don't have to ...
O I don't have to go yet. I can stay a little longer.
Compare don't need to and mustn't:
O You don't need to go. You can stay here if you want.
O You mustn't go. You must stay here.
72 ( I have to ... Unit 33

Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs:
be go learn meet wash win
. her.
1 I'm very hungry. I m ust e a t something.
2 Marilyn is a very interesting person. You....................................................
3 My hands are dirty. I ................................................................them.
4 You to drive. It will be very useful.
5 I shopping. I need to buy some food.
6 The game tomorrow is very important for us. W e ................................................................
7 You can't always have things immediately. You................................................................patient.
S B Write I must or I had to.
1 1had to walk home last night. There were no buses.
2 It's late.............................................go now.
3 I don't usually work on Saturdays, but last Saturday.......................................work.
4 ........................................get up early tomorrow. I have a lot to do.
5 I came here by train. The train was full and.......................................stand all the way.
6 I was nearly late for my appointment this morning.........................................run to get there on time.
7 I forgot to phone David yesterday. .........................................phone him later today.
Complete the sentences. Use mustn't or don't need to + these verbs:
forget ^o- lose phone rush wait
1 I don’t needtogo, home yet. I can stay a little longer.
2 We have a lot of time. W e ................................................................................
3 Keep these papers in a safe place. You................................................................................them.
4 I'm not ready yet, but yo u ..............................................................................for me. You can go now and I'll
come later.
5 W e................................................................................to turn off the lights before we leave.
6 I must contact David, but I ..............................................................................him - I can send him an email.
Find the sentences with the same meaning.
1 We can leave the meeting early.
2 We must leave the meeting early.
3 We mustn't leave the meeting early.
4 We had to leave the meeting early.
5 We don't need to leave the meeting early.
A We must stay until the end.
B We couldn't stay until the end.
C We can't stay until the end.
D We can stay until the end.
E We don't need to stay until the end.
Write must / mustn't / had to / don't need to.
1 You don’t need to go. You can stay here if you want.
2 It's a fantastic film. You JT.ust....see it.
3 The restaurant won't be busy tonight. W e........................................................reserve a table.
4 I was very busy last week. I .......................................................work every evening.
5 I want to know what happened. You........................................................tell me.
6 I don't want Sue to know what happened. You........................................................tell her.
7 I ...................................................... go now or I'll be late for my appointment.
8 'Why were you so late?' 'I.......................................................wait half an hour for a bus.'
9 W e ........................................................decide now. We can decide later.
10 It's Lisa's birthday next week. I forget to buy her a present.

Unit
32 should
r You shouldn’t watch TV so much,j
should + infinitive
(should do / should watch etc.):
do
l/we/you/they should stop
he/she/it shouldn't go
watch etc.
(Do you think Ishould buy
You should do something = it is a good thing to do, it is the right thing to do:
Tom doesn't study enough. He should study harder.
It's a good film. You should go and see it.
When you play tennis, you should always watch the ball.
You shouldn't do something = it is not a good thing to do.
Shouldn't = should not:
Tom shouldn't go to bed so late.
You watch TV all the time. You shouldn't watch TV so much.
We often say I think ... should
I think ... should ...
I think Lisa should buy some new clothes.
(= I think it is a good idea.)
It's late. I think I should go home now.
O a : Shall I buy this coat?
b. Yes, I think you should.
I don't think ... should ...
O I don't think you should work so hard.
(= I don't think it is a good idea.)
I don't think we should go yet. It's too early.
Do you think ... should ... ?:
O Do you think I should buy this hat?
O What time do you think we should go home?
Must is stronger than should:
It's a good film. You should go and see it.
O It's a fantastic film. You must go and see it.
this hat?
Another way to say should is ought to:
It’s a good film. You ought to go and see it. (= you should go)
O I think Lisa ought to buy some new clothes. (= Lisa should buy)
( shall ^ Units 27-28 must ^ Unit 31

Exercises
1 She shouldn’t wat^h W so much...................... 3 hard
2 H e.................................................................................................... 4..........................................................................................................
You are not sure what to do, so you ask a friend. Write questions with Do you think I should ... ?
1 You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)
You ask your friend: P.p.you. think J.should b.uy.thie .................................................................................
2 You can't drive, (learn?)
You ask your friend: Do you think...............................................................................................................................................
3 You don't like your job. (get another job?)
You ask your friend: ...............................................................................................................................................................................
4 You are going to have a party, (invite Gary?)
You ask your friend: ...............................................................................................................................................................................
Write sentences with I th in k... should ... and I don't th in k... should ....
1 We have to get up early tomorrow, (go home now) !..t.h|nk we should qo home now,.........................
2 That coat is too big for you. (buy it) i.don’t th[nk you.should .............................................................
3 You don't need your car. (sell it )...................................................................................................................................................
4 Karen needs a rest, (have a holiday)............................................................................................................................................
5 Sarah and Dan are too young, (get married).........................................................................................................................
6 You're not well this morning, (go to w ork)............................................................................................................................
7 James isn't well today, (go to the doctor)................................................................................................................................
8 The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there)......................................................................................................................
What do you think? Write sentences with should
1 11hink e v e r y b o d y s h o u l d .......................................................................................
2 I think everybody......................................................................................................................................................................................
3 I think...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 I don't think..................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I think I should............................................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs:
eat go take visit watch wear
1 When you play tennis, you should watch the ball.
2 It's late and you're very tired...................................................................................................to bed.
3 ..............................................................................................plenty of fruit and vegetables.
4 If you have tim e,...........................................................................................the Science Museum.
5 When you're driving,............................................................................................... a seat belt.
6 It's too far to walk from here to the station..................................................................................
Write about the people in the pictures. Use He/She shouldn't... so ....
It's very interesting.
a taxi.

Unit
33 I have to
Thi5 is my medicine. I have
to take it three times a day.
I have to do something = it is necessary
for me to do it, I am obliged to do it
l/we/you/they have
to do
to work
he/she/it has
to go
to wear etc.
O I'll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.
O Jane starts work at 7 o'clock, so she has to get up at 6.
O You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
The past (yesterday / last week etc.) is had to ...
O I was late for work yesterday. I had to go to the dentist.
O We had to walk home last night. There were no buses.
In questions and negatives we use do/does (present) and did (past): ^
present
do l/we/you/they
have to ... ?
does he/she/it
past
did
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
have to ... ?
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
don't
doesn't
have to
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
didn't have to ...
O What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow?
O Does jane have to work on Sundays?
O Why did they have to leave the party early?
I don't have to (do something) = it is not necessary to do it:
O I'm not working tomorrow, so I don't have to get up early.
O Ian doesn't have to work very hard. He's got an easy job.
O We didn't have to wait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
must and have to
You can use must or have to when you say what you think is necessary, when you give your opinion:
O It's a fantastic film. You must see it. or You have to see it.
When you are not giving your personal opinion, use have to (not must). Compare:
O Jane won't be at work this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor.
(this is not my personal opinion - it is a fact)
O Jane isn't well. She doesn't want to go to the doctor, but I told her she must go.
(this is my personal opinion)
76 ( must / mustn't / don't need to Unit 31

Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + these verbs:
do hit read speak travel wear
My eyes are not very good. I have to wear glasses.
At the end of the course all the students................................................................a test.
Sarah is studying literature. She................................................................a lot of books.
Albert doesn't understand much English. You very slowly to him.
Kate is often away from home. She................................................................a lot in her job.
In tennis you................................................................the ball over the net.
fgg} Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + these verbs:
buy change go walk
answer
W e had to walk home last night. There were no buses.
It's late. I ................................................................................now. I'll see you tomorrow.
I went to the supermarket after work yesterday. I ..............................................................................some food.
This train doesn't go all the way to London. You..............................................................................at Bristol.
We did an exam yesterday. W e ................................................................................six questions out of ten.
Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
/L
1 I have to get up early tomorrow. What time do you have to get up
2 George had to wait a long time. How long.........................................................................................................
3 Lisa has to go somewhere. W here................................................................................................................
4 We had to pay a lot of money. How m uch......................................................................................................
5 I haye to do some work. What exactly..................................................................................................
£ 3 ) Write sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have tQ
Why are you going out? You don’t .have to.go out,..
Why is Sue waiting? She............................
Why did you get up early? You.............
Why is Paul working so hard? H e.........
Why do you want to leave now? W e .
€
33
1Which is correct? Sometimes must and have to are both correct. Sometimes only one is correct.
1 It's a fantastic film. You must see / have to see it. (both are correct)
2 Jessica won't be at work this afternoon. She must-ge- / has to go to the doctor.
(has to go is correct)
You can't park your car here for nothing. You must pay / have to pay.
I didn't have any money with me last night, so I must borrow / had to borrow some.
I eat too much chocolate. I really must stop / have to stop.
Paul is in a hurry. He must meet / has to meet somebody in five minutes.
What's wrong? You must tell / have to tell me. I want to help you.
f f i Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do.
1 (every day) [M ye t o t r a ^ ..........................................................
2 (every day) ..................................................................................................................................................
3 (yesterday) ..................................................................................................................................................
4 (tomorrow) ..................................................................................................................................................
77

Unit
34 Would you like ... ? I'd like ...
Would you like ... ? = Do you w an t... ?
We use Would you like ... ? to offer things:
O A: Would you like some coffee?
b: No, thank you.
O a : Would you like a chocolate?
b: Yes, please.
O a : What would you like, tea or coffee?
b: Tea, please.
Wouldyou like
a chocolate?
I f
ffi'ee, please.^
We use Would you like to ... ? to invite somebody:
O Would you like to go for a walk?
O a : Would you like to eat with us on Sunday?
b: Yes, I'd love to. (= I would love to eat with you)
O What would you like to do this evening?
I'd like ... is a polite way to say 'I want'. I'd like = I would like:
O I'm thirsty. I'd like a drink.
O (in a tourist office) I'd like some information about hotels, please.
O I'm feeling tired. I'd like to stay at home this evening.
Would you like ... ? and Do you like ... ?
Would you like ... ? / Td like ...
Would you
like some tea?
Would you like some tea? = Do you want
some tea?
O a : Would you like to go to the cinema
tonight?
(= do you want to go tonight?)
b: Yes, I'd love to.
O I'd like an orange, please.
(= can I have an orange?)
O What would you like to do next
weekend?
Do you like ... ? / 1like ...
Yes, I do.
Would you
i some now?
No, thank you.
Not now.
Do you like tea? = Do you think tea is nice?
O a : Do you like going to the cinema?
(in general)
b: Yes, I go to the cinema a lot.
O Mike oranges, (in general)
O What do you like to do at weekends?
78 ( like to do and like -ing Unit 52 I would do something if . Unit 100

Exercises
What are the people in the pictures saying? Use Would you like
.WoujdyouJike
a chocolate?
sandwiches
What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to ... ?
1 You want to go to the cinema tonight. Perhaps Sue will go with you. (go)
You say: Would.yow.like to.go to the.cinema tonight?..............................................................................
You want to play tennis tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play too. (play)
You say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will come, (come)
You say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
It's raining and Sue is going out. She doesn't have an umbrella, but you have one. (borrow)
You say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Which is right?
1 'Do you like / Would you like a chocolate?' 'Yes, please.' (Would you like is right)
2 'Do you like / Would you like bananas?' 'Yes, I love them.'
3 'Do you like / Would you like an ice cream?' 'No, thank you.'
4 'What do you like / would you like to drink?' 'A glass of water, please.'
5 'Do you like / Would you like to go out for a walk?' 'Not now. Perhaps later.'
6 I like / I'd like tomatoes, but I don't eat them very often.
7 What time do you like / would you like to have dinner this evening?
8 'Do you like / Would you like something to eat?' 'No, thanks. I'm not hungry.'
9 'Do you like / Would you like your new job?' 'Yes, I'm enjoying it.'
10 I'm tired. I like / I'd like to go to sleep now.
11 'I like / I'd like a sandwich, please.' 'Sure. What kind of sandwich?'
12 'What kind of music do you like / would you like?' 'All kinds.'

Unit
35 Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!
We use come/look/go/wait/be etc when we tell somebody to do something:
O 'Come here and look at this!' 'What is it?'
O I don't want to talk to you. Go away!
O I'm not ready yet. Please wait for me.
O Please be quiet. I'm working.
also
O Bye! Have a good holiday! / Have a nice time! / Have a good flight! / Have fun!
(= I hope you have a good holiday etc.)
'Have a chocolate.' 'Oh, thanks.'
(= would you like a chocolate?)
We use don't... when we tell somebody not to do something:
O Be careful! Don't fall.
O Please don't go. Stay here with me.
Be here on time. Don't be late.
You can say Let's ... when you want people to do things with you. Let's = Let us.
O It's a nice day. Let's go out.
(= you and I can go out)
) Come on! Let's dance.
(=you and /can dance)
Are you ready? Let's go.
Let's have fish for dinner tonight.
C3 a : Shall w e go out tonight?
b: No, I'm tired. Let's stay at home.
re you ready? Let’s go.^|
The negative is Let's n o t ...
It's cold. Let's not go out. Let's stay at home.
O Let's not have fish for dinner tonight. Let's have chicken.
8
0 ( shall we . Unit 28

Exercises
Look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Some sentences are positive (buy/come etc.)
and some are negative (don't buy / don't come etc.). Use these verbs:
be buy come -drink- drop forget have sit sleep smile
Don't drink
the water!
It's too expensive.
--- -
careful with that
m going to
bed now
Don't worry. Iwon't.
Complete the sentences. Use let's with:
go to a restaurant take a taxi wait a little watch TV
Answer with No, don't... or No, let's n o t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Unit
36 I used to
dave afew years ago dave today
g £ /
i }
m*r
iiittl
Dave used to w ork in a factory. Now he w orks in a supermarket.
he used to work w he works
past now
Dave used to w ork in a factory = he worked in a factory before, but he doesn't work there now.
You can say I used to w ork ... / she used to have ... / they used to be ... etc.:
be
l/you/we/they
used to
w ork
he/she/it have
play etc.
When I was a child, I used to like chocolate.
I used to read a lot of books, but I don't read
much these days.
Lisa has got short hair now, but it used to be
very long.
They used to live in the same street as us, so
we used to see them a lot. But we don't see
them much these days.
Helen used to have a piano, but she sold it a
few years ago.
The negative is I didn't use to ...
When I was a child, I didn't use to like tomatoes.
The question is did you use to ... ?:
Where did you use to live before you came here?
We use used to ... only for the past. You cannot say 'I use to ...' for the present:
I used to play tennis. These days I play golf. (not I use to play golf)
We usually get up early. (not We use to get up early)
I ueed to have
very long hair.
82

Exercises
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to .. . .
This is me a
few years ago.
.She.used to have...
Jong.hair,...............
® r We live in London now.^
in the country.
H e...........
football.
This is me 20 years ago.
Inever wear glasses now.
a taxi driver.
This building
Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago, things were different.
Karen a few years ago
________________
f)
Do you do any sport?
Do you go out much?-
Do you play a musical-
instrument?
Do you like reading?-
Do you travel much?-
►Yes, I swim every day and
I play volleyball.
►Yes, most evenings.
►Yes, the guitar.
►Yes, I read a lot.
►Yes, I go away two or three
times a year.
Karen now
work very hard in
myjob. Idon’t have
any free time.
Write sentences about Karen with used t o . . . .
1 Sheused tpswi.m everyday. 4
2 She............................................................................................... 5
Complete these sentences. Use used to or the present simple (I play / he lives etc.).
I ysed to pjay tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.
'Do you do any sport?’ 'Yes, I play basketball.’
'Do you have a car?' 'No, I .................................................... one, but I sold it.’
George................................................................a waiter. Now he's the manager of a hotel.
'Do you go to work by car?' 'Sometimes, but most days I .............................................................. by train.'
When I was a child, I never................................................................meat, but I eat it now.
Mary loves watching TV. She................................................................TV every evening.
8 We near the airport, but we moved to the city centre a few years ago.
9 Normally I start work at 7 o'clock, so I ................................................................up very early.
10 What games................................yo u...............................................................when you were a child?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Unit
37 there is there are
There's a man on the roof.
singular
plural
there is and it is
there is
,0
A .
There's a train at 10.30.
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
There are seven days in a week.
there i s ... (there's)
is th ere... ?
there is n o t ... (there isn’t
or there's not)
there are ...
are th ere... ?
there are n o t ... (there aren't)
There’s a big tree in the garden.
There’s nothing on TV tonight.
a: Do you have any money?
b: Yes, there's some in my bag.
a: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
b: Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
We can’t go skiing. There isn't any snow.
There are some big trees in the garden.
There are a lot of accidents on this road.
a: Are there any restaurants near here?
b: Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
This restaurant is very quiet. There aren't many
people here.
How many players are there in a football team?
There are 11 players in a football team.
it is
a
&
There's a book on the table.
(not It's a book on the table.)
I like this book . It’s interesting.
(It = this book)
Compare:
'What's that noise?' 'It's a train.' (It = that noise)
There's a train at 10.30. It’s a fast train. (It = the 10.30 train)
There's a lot of salt in this soup.
(ii's soup. Its too salty. (It = this soup)
( there was / were / has been etc. -» Unit 38 it and there -» Unit 39 some and any -» Unit 76

Exercises
Kentham is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Kentham
with There is/are or There isn't/aren't.
a castle? No
any restaurants? Yes (a lot)
a hospital? Yes
a swimming pool? No
any cinemas? Yes (two)
a university? No
any big hotels? No
1 T h e n sje n % a c a e ^ e .........................
2 There are a.jot of restaurants,.
3 .............................................................................
4 .............................................................................
5 .............................................................................
6 ....................................................
7 .............................................................................
Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are or There isn't/
aren't.
1 ......................................................................................................................
2 Theresa.bj.g..park,............................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................
4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ....................................................................
Write there is / there isn't / is there or there are / there aren't / are there.
1 Kentham isn't an old town There aren't any old buildings.
2 Look! ................................................a picture of your brother in the newspaper!
3 'Excuse m e,................................................a bank near here?' 'Yes, at the end of the street.'
4 ................................................five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.
5 'How many students in the class?' 'Twenty.'
6 The road is usually very quiet.....................................................much traffic.
7....'............................................. a bus from the city centre to the airport?' 'Yes, every 20 minutes.'
8....'.............................................any problems?' 'No, everything is OK.'
9..................................................nowhere to sit down.......................................................any chairs.
I B Write sentences with There are . . . . Choose from the boxes.
r r
jC VC! i twenty-six letters days September the solar system
eight thirty players days the USA a week
fifteen fifty planets states a rugby team the English alphabet
1 There a re ^ ey en d a y en a ^
2 .....................................................................
3 ...............................................................................
4 ...............................................................................
5 ...............................................................................
6 .....................................................
Write there's / is there or it's / is it.
1 ' There’s a train at 10.30.' ' I.sjt a fast train?'
2 I'm not going to buy this shirt....................................................too expensive.
3 'What's wrong?' '..............................................something in my eye.'
4 ...............................................a red car outside your house.............................................
5 '...............................................anything good on TV tonight?' 'Yes,......................
want to see at 8.15.'
6 'What's that building?' '................................................a school.'
7 '...............................................a restaurant in this hotel?' 'No, I'm afraid not.'
.yours?
a programme I

there was/were there has/have been
38 there will be
there was / there were (past)
There is a train every hour.
The time now is 11.15.
There was a train at 11 o'clock.
Compare:
there is/are (present) there was/were (past)
O There is nothing on TV tonight. o There was nothing on TV last night.
O We are staying at a very big hotel. o We stayed at a very big hotel.
There are 550 rooms. There were 550 rooms.
O Is everything OK? Are there any o Was everything OK yesterday? Were
problems? there any problems?
O I'm hungry, but there isn't anything o I was hungry when I got home, but
to eat.
J _________
there wasn't anything to eat.
there has been / there have been (present perfect)
_ _ l
O Look! There's been an accident.
(there's been = there has been)
O This road is very dangerous. There have
been many accidents.
Compare there was (past):
O There was an accident last night.
(not There has been an accident last night.)
For past simple and present perfect, see Unit 20.
O Do you think there will be a lot of people at
the party on Saturday?
O The manager of the company is leaving, so
there will be a new manager soon.
O I'm going away tomorrow. I'll do my
packing today because there won't be time
tomorrow.
(there won't be = there will not be)
was/were ^ Unit 10 has/have been Units 15-18 will Unit 27 there is/are ^ Unit 37
there and it Units 37, 39 some and any ^ Unit 76

Exercises
£ J H Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty, but what was in the room last week? Choose
from the box and write sentences with There w as... or There were . . . .
an armchair
some books
a carpet
u vlv/LI
some flowers
three pictures
a sofa
a small table
1 Tham wasa.clock.................................................................on the wall near the window.
2 ............................................................................................................. on the floor.
3 ..............................................................................................................on the wall near the door.
4 ..............................................................................................................in the middle of the room.
5 ..............................................................................................................on the table.
6 ..............................................................................................................on the shelves.
7 ............................................................................................................. in the corner near the door.
8 ..............................................................................................................opposite the armchair.
^ 2 9 1 Write there was / there wasn't / was there or there were / there weren't / were there.
1 I was hungry, but there waen’t anything to eat.
2 Was everything OK yesterday? Were there any problems?
3 I opened the envelope, but it was empty. .............................................................. nothing in it.
4 'We stayed at a very nice hotel.' 'Really?...............................................................a swimming pool?'
5 'Did you buy any bananas?' 'No,................................................................any in the shop.'
6 The wallet was empty. ................................................................any money in it.
7 '............................................................ many people at the meeting?' 'No, very few.'
8 We didn't visit the museum.....................................................................enough time.
9 I'm sorry I'm late...................................................................a lot of traffic.
10 Twenty years ago.............................................................. many tourists here. Now there are a lot.
£ 3 1 Write there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be.
1 There .w as a good film on TV last night.
2 ..............................................................24 hours in a day.
3 ..............................................................a party at the club last Friday, but I didn't go.
4 'Where can I get something to eat?' ' a cafe at the end of the street.'
5 'Why are the police outside the bank?' '.............................................................. a robbery.'
6 When we arrived at the theatre, a long queue outside.
7 When you arrive tomorrow,..................................... *....................... somebody at the station to meet you.
8 Ten years ago................................................................500 children at the school. Now
.............................................................. more than a thousand.
9 Last week I went back to the town where I was born. It's very different now.
................................................................a lot of changes.
10 I think everything will be OK. I don't think................................................................any problems.

Unit
39 ,t
We use it for time/day/distance/weather:
time
What time is it?
It's half past ten.
It's late.
It's time to go home.
What day is it?
It's Thursday.
It's 16 March.
It was my birthday yesterday.
distance
fo u r house
. 3 kilometres
city centre
It's three kilometres from our house to the city centre.
□ How far is it from New York to Los Angeles?
It's a long way from here to the station.
We can walk home. It isn't far
We use far in questions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn’t far).
In positive sentences, we use a long way (it’s a long way).
weather
it "it///"it///// ////it
/ 11 / 1 1 11 1 1 / 1111 / 1 111
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
////////////////////
/ 111111 / / 1i11 / / 1111 /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 / / 1 111 / / / 11
It's raining. It isn't raining. Is it snowing?
It rains a lot here. It didn't rain yesterday. Does it snow very often?
It's warm/hot/cold/fine/cloudy/windy/sunny/foggy/dark etc.
It's a nice day today.
Compare it and there:
It rains a lot in winter.
There is a lot of rain in winter.
O it was very windy.
There was a strong wind yesterday.
It’s nice to ... etc.
easy / difficult / impossible / dangerous / safe /
expensive / interesting / nice / wonderful / terrible etc.
O It's nice to see you again.
O It’s impossible to understand her.
O It wasn't easy to find your house.
i
Don’t forget it:
O It's raining again. (
n
o
tI
s raining again)
O Is it true that you’re going away? Is true that...)
to
88 ( there is ^ Unit 37 3

Exercises
Write about the weather in the pictures. Use It's ,
1 It s raining,.......................................................................... 4
2 ......................................................................................................... 5
3 ......................................................................................................... 6
Write it is (it's) or is it.
1 What tim e is it ?
2 We have to go now. very late.
3 ...............................true that Ben can fly a helicopter?
4 'What day.................................today? Tuesday?'.....'No,..................................Wednesday.'
5 ...............................ten kilometres from the airport tothe city centre.
6 ...............................OK to call you at your office?
7 'Do you want to walk to the hotel?' 'I don't know. How far.................................?'
8 ...............................Lisa's birthday today. She's 27.
9 I don't believe it! .................................impossible.
m Write questions with How fa r... ?
1 (here / the station).........................Howfa rj5 .it from hereto..........................................................................................
2 (the hotel / the beach) H ow ...............................................................................................................................................
3 (New York / Washington) ...........................................................................................................................................................
4 (your house / the airport) ...........................................................................................................................................................
Write it or there.
1 The weather isn't so nice today. it 's cloudy.
2 Ib.sre was a strong wind yesterday.
3 .......................'s hot in this room. Open a window.
4 .......................was a nice day yesterday...............................was warm and sunny.
5 .......................was a storm last night. Did you hear it?
6 I was afraid because.........................was very dark.
7 .......................'s often cold here, b ut.......................... isn't much rain.
8 .......................'s a long way from here to the nearest shop.
c m Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
easy dangerous work here get up early
it's difficult nice to visit different places go out alone
impossible interesting see you again make friends
1 If you go to bed late, i.T’s difficult tp.g.at .up. aarly in the morning.
2 Hello, Jane.................................................................................................................................................... How are you?
3 ............................................................................................................................................... TTiere is too much noise.
4 Everybody is very nice at work....................................................................................................................................................
5 I like travelling....................................................................................................................................................
6 Some cities are not safe at night.

mm
.
■ I
She isn't tired, but he is.
(he is = he is tired)
He likes tea, but she doesn't.
(she doesn't = she doesn't like tea)
In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat some words ('he is tired', 'she doesn't like tea’).
You can use these verbs in the same way:
am/is/are
was/were
have/has
do/does/did
can
will
might
must
O I haven't got a car; but my sister has. (= my sister has got a car)
O a: Please help me.
b: I'm sorry. I can't. (= I can't help you)
O a: Are you tired?
b: I was, but I'm not now. (= I was tired, but I'm not tired now)
O a: D o you think Laura will come and see us?
b: She might. (= she might come)
C
D a: Are you going now ?
b: Yes, I'm afraid I must. (= I must go)
We don't use 'm/'s/'ve etc. (shortforms) in this way. You must use am/is/have etc.:
O She isn't tired, but he is. (not but he's)
But you can use isn't / haven't / won't etc. (negative short forms):
O My sister has got a car, but I haven't.
O Are you and Jane working tomorrow?' 'I am, but Jane isn't.'
You can use I am / I'm not etc. after Yes and No:
O 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.'
O 'Will Alan be here tomorrow?' 'Yes, he will. / No, he won't.'
O 'Is there a bus to the airport?' 'Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.'
We use do/does for the present simple (—
>Units 6-7):
O I don't like hot weather, but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot weather)
O Sue works hard, but I don't. (= I don't work hard)
'Do you enjoy your work?' 'Yes, I do.'
We use did for the past simple (—
>Unit 12):
O a: Did you and Chris enjoy the film?
b: I did, but Chris didn't. (= I enjoyed it, but Chris didn't enjoy it)
O 'I had a good time.' 'I did too.' (= I enjoyed it too)
'Did it rain yesterday?' 'No, it didn't.'
90 f have you? / don't you? etc. Unit 41 so am I / neither am I etc. ■» Unit 42

Exercises
Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can etc.) each time.
1 Kate wasn't hungry, but w e were............................ 4 I haven't seen the film, but Tom
2 I’mnot m
arried, but m
y brother.................... 5 Karen won't be here, but Chris....
3 Ben can't help you, but 1................................................... 6 You weren't late, but I ......
CD Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn’t/haven’t/can’t etc.).
1 My sister can play the piano, butI can’t 4 Mark has been to China, but I
2 Sam is working today, but 1.......................................... 5 I'm ready to go, but Tom ..........
3 I was working, but my friends.................................... 6 I've got a key, but Sarah.............
CD Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don't/doesn't/didn't.
1 I don't like hot weather, but Sue d o es......
2 Sue likes hot weather, but I d.on t ......
3 My mother wears glasses, but my father.....................................
4 You don't know Paul very well, but I .....................................
5 I didn't enjoy the party, but my friends.....................................
6 I don't watch TV much, but Peter.....................................
7 Kate lives in London, but her parents.....................................
8 You had breakfast this morning, but I .....................................
CD Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people.
1 I didn't Q o o u tla st night,.M t.lTiy.M snds.dld.............................................................................
2 I like.......................................................................................,.b ut...........................................................................
3 I don't...................................................................................,.but...........................................................................
4 I'm .................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I haven't.....................................................................................................................................................................
o Put in a verb, positive or negative.
1 Are you tired?' 'I w as earlier, but I'm not now.'
2 Steve is happy today, but h e........................................yesterday.
3 The bank isn't open yet, but the shops.........................................
4 I haven't got a telescope, but I know somebody w h o .........................................
5 I would like to help you, but I'm afraid I .........................................
6 I don't usually go to work by car, but I ........................................ yesterday.
7 a: Have you ever been to the United States?
b: No, but Sandra......................................... She went there on holiday last year.
8 'Do you and Chris watch TV a lot?' 'I........................................, but Chris doesn't.'
9 I've been invited to Sam's wedding, but Kate.........................................
10 'Do you think Sarah will pass her driving test?' 'Yes, I'm sure she.........................
11 'Are you going out tonight?' 'I......................................... I don't know for sure.'
Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I'm not. etc.
1 Are you American?.........................................NoJ.’m not,...............................................................
2 Have you got a car?
3 Do you feel OK?........................................................................................................................................
4 Is it snowing?...............................................................................................................................................
5 Are you hungry?......................................... ..............................................................................................
6 Do you like classical music? ..............................................................................................
7 Will you be in Paris tomorrow? ..............................................................................................
8 Have you ever broken your arm? ..............................................................................................
9 Did you buy anything yesterday? ..............................................................................................
10 Were you asleep at 3 a.m.?..................................................................................................................

Unit
41 Have you? Are you? Don't you? etc.
I'm writing a book.^
Oh; have you? ) ( ^
^Don'tyou? Why
You can say have you? / is it? / can't he? etc. to show that you are interested or surprised:
O 'You're late.' 'Oh, am I? I'm sorry.'
'I was ill last week.' 'Were you? I didn't know that.'
'It's raining again.' 'Is it? It was sunny ten minutes ago.'
'There's a problem with the car.' 'Is there? What's wrong with it?'
O 'Bill can't drive.' 'Can't he? I didn't know that.'
O 'I'm not hungry.' 'Aren't you? I am.'
O 'Sue isn't at work today.' 'Isn't she? Is she ill?'
Use do/does for the present simple, and did for the past simple:
'I speak four languages.' 'Do you? Which ones?'
O 'Ben doesn't eat meat.' 'Doesn't he? Does he eat fish?'
O 'Nicola got married last week.' 'Did she? Really?'
Question tags
You can use have you? / is it? / can't she? etc.
at the end of a sentence.
These 'mini-questions' are question tags.
Q t’e a beautiful day, lent it?^
positive sentence —>negative question tag
negative sentence —
>positive question tag
92 ( I am / I don't etc. ■
» Unit 40

Exercises
U Q Answer with Do you? / Doesn't she? / Did they? etc.
| Answer with Have you? / Haven't you? / Did she? / Didn't she? etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Complete these sentences with a question tag (isn't it? / haven't you? etc.).
J5 /L
1 It's a beautiful day,....jsn t it .........
a
?
r
Yes, its perfect.
2 These flowers are nice,.............................. ? Yes, what are they?
3 Jane was at the party,.............................. ? Yes, but I didn't speak to her.
4 You've been to Paris,.............................. ? Yes, many times.
5 You speak German,.............................. ? Yes, but not very well.
6 Martin looks tired,.............................. ? Yes, he works very hard.
7 ^ You'll help m e,.............................. ?
y
Yes, of course I will,
v-----------------------------------J
| Complete these sentences with a question tag, positive (is it? / do you? etc.) or negative (isn't it? /
don't you? etc.).

too/either so am I / neither do I etc.
Unit
too and either
(jm happy too.^ (7m not I
a
Vm not happy eitherj
We use too and either at the end of a sentence.
We use too after a positive verb: We use either after a negative verb:
O a: I'm happy. O a: I'm not happy.
b: I'm happy too. b: I'm not happy either
O a : 1enjoyed the film. O a : 1can't cook.
b: 1enjoyed it too. b: 1can't either
O Jane is a doctor. Her husband is a O Ben doesn't watch TV. He doesn't
doctor too. read newspapers either.
so am I / neither do I etc.
)am l
am/is/are ...
was/were...
so do/does
did..
have/has...
neither can ...
will
would ...
so am 1= 1am too neither am 1= I'm not either
so have 1=
=1have too (etc.): neither can 1= 1can't either (etc.):
O a : I'm working. o a: 1haven't got a key.
b: So am 1
. (= I'm working too) b: Neither have 1
. (= 1haven't either)
O a : 1was late for work today. o a: Kate can't cook.
b: So was Sam. b: Neither can Tom.
O a : 1work in a bank. o a: 1won't (= will not) be here
b: So do 1
. tomorrow.
O a : We went to the cinema last night. b: Neither will 1
.
b: Did you? So did we. o a: 1never go to the cinema.
O a : I'd like to go to Australia. b: Neither do 1
.
b: So would 1
.
You can also use Nor (= Neither):
o a: I'm not married.
b: Nor am 1
. or Neither am i.
Remember: So am I (not So I am), Neither have I (not Neither I have).
94 [ I am / 1don't etc. -» Unit 40
3

Exercises
^ 2 0 1 Answer with So ... I (So am I / So do I / So can I etc.).
Answer with Neither... I.
__________
9
10
11
I can't go to the party.
I didn't phone Alex last night.
I haven't got any money
I'm not going out tomorrow.
I don't know what to do.
You are talking to Maria. Write sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So ...1 or
Neither... i. Look at these examples carefully:
tired today. ^
don’t work h a rd )
You can answer: So am I, or MQQt-.
You can answer: Neither doj. or I.do........
Maria
I'm learning English.
I can ride a bike.
I'm not American.
I like cooking.
I don't like cold weather.
I slept well last night.
I've never run a marathon,
don't use my phone much.
I'm going out tomorrow evening.
I haven't been to Scotland.
I didn't watch TV last night.
I go to the cinema a lot.
SL You
95

Unit
4 3 Aisn't, haven't, don't etc. (negatives)
We use not (n't) in negative sentences:
positive —>negative
am am not ('m not) O I'm not tired.
is is not (isn't o r 's not) o It isn't (or It's not) raining.
are are not (aren't or 're not) o They aren't (or They're not) here.
was was not (wasn't) o Julian wasn't hungry.
were were not (weren't) o The shops weren't open.
have have not (haven't) o I haven't finished my work.
has has not (hasn't) o Sue hasn't got a car.
will will not (won't) o We won't be here tomorrow.
can cannot (can't) o George can't drive.
could could not (couldn't) o I couldn't sleep last night.
must must not (mustn't) o I mustn't forget to phone Jane.
should should not (shouldn't) o You shouldn't work so hard.
would would not (wouldn't) o I wouldn't like to be an actor.
don't/doesn't/didn't
present simple negative l/we/you/they do not (don't)
he/she/it does not (doesn't) work/live/go etc.
past simple negative l/they/he/she etc. did not (didn't)
positive -> negative
Iwant to go out. -» I don't want to go out.
They work hard. -» They don't work hard.
Lisa plays the guitar. -> Lisa doesn't play the guitar.
My father likes his job. —> My father doesn't like his job.
I got up early this morning. -> I didn't get up early this morning.
They worked hard yesterday. -> They didn't work hard yesterday.
We played tennis. —> We didn't play tennis.
Emily had dinner with us. -> Emily didn't have dinner with us.
Don't
Look! —> Don't look!
Wait for me. —
> Don't wait for me.
Sometimes do is the main verb (don't do / doesn't do / didn't do):
Do something! -> Don't do anything!
Sue does a lot at weekends. —> Sue doesn't do much at weekends.
I did what you said. —> I didn't do what you said.
present simple (negative) -fr Unit 6 past simple (negative) ^ Unit 12
don't look / don't wait etc. 4 Unit 35 Why isn't/don't ...?-» Unit 44

Exercises
Make these sentences negative.
1 He's gone away. He ha;5n*t.gone away. 4 It's cold today.
2 They're married.................................................................... 5 We'll be late. ...
3 I've had dinner. .................................................................. 6 You should go.
Make these sentences negative. Use don't/doesn't/didn't.
1 She saw me She didn’t see me......................... 4
2 I like cheese............................................................................ 5
3 They understood................................................................ 6
^ 2 3 1 Make these sentences negative.
1 She can swim She can’t.swim ........................... 6
2 They've arrived..................................................................... 7
3 I went to the bank............................................................. 8
4 He speaks German............................................................. 9
5 We were angry..................................................................... 10
He lives here...............
Go away! ....................
I did the shopping.
He'll be pleased........
Call me tonight........
It rained yesterday.
I could hear them.
I believe you..............
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/haven't/don't etc.).
. hungry.'
Steve........................................go to the cinema much. He prefers to watch DVDs at home.
We can walk to the station from here. It ........................................very far.
'Where's Jane?' 'I.........................................know...I .........................................seen her today.'
Be careful! ........................................fall!
We went to a restaurant last night. I like the food very much.
I've been to Japan many times, but I .........................................been to Korea.
Julia.......................................be here tomorrow. She's going away.
'Who broke that window?' 'Not me. I ........................................do it.'
We didn't see what happened. W e........................................ looking at the time.
Lisa bought a new coat a few days ago, but she........................................worn it yet.
You.......................................drive so fast. It's dangerous.
You ask Gary some questions. He answers 'Yes' or 'No'. Write sentences about Gary, positive
or negative.
Gary
You
T v
Are you married?
Do you live in London?
Were you born in London?
Do you like London?
Would you like to live in the country?
Can you drive?
Have you got a car?
Do you read newspapers?
Are you interested in politics?
Do you watch TV most evenings?
Did you watch TV last night?
Did you go out last night?
/ k
No. j 1
Yes. 2
No. 3
No. 4
Yes. 5
Yes. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
Yes. 10
No. 11
Yes.
Y
12
.H ejsnt.m am ed ,...
He lives in London.

Unit is it...? have you...?
4 4 a (questions 1)
do they... ? etc.
You are eating.
Are you eating? What are you eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/are/have etc) is before the subject:
positive you are
X
question are you
positive
subject + verb
question
verb + subject
1 am late. -> Am 1 late?
That seat is free. Is that seat free?
She was angry. Why was she angry?
David has gone. Where has David gone?
You have got a car. Have you got a car?
They will be here soon. When will they be here?
Paula can swim. Can Paula swim?
Remember: the subject is after the first verb.
O Where has David gone? (not Where has gone David?)
O Are those people waiting for something? (not Are waiting ... ?)
O When was the telephone invented? (not When was invented ... ?)
B do ... ? / does ... ? / did ... ?
present simple questions
do
does
l/we/you/they
he/she/it work/live/go e tc.... ?
past simple questions did l/they/he/she etc.
positive question
They work hard. Do they work hard?
You watch television. How often do you watch television?
Chris works hard. Does Chris work hard?
She gets up early. -> What time does she get up?
They worked hard. Did they work hard?
You had dinner. —> What did you have for dinner?
She got up early. What time did she get up?
Sometimes do is the main verb (do you do / did he do etc):
0 What do you usually do at weekends?
a: What does your brother do?
b
: He works in a bank.
a: I broke my finger last week.
b
: How did you do that? (not How did you that?)
O
O
98
Why isn't... ? / Why don't... ? etc (Why + negative):
O Where's John? Why isn't he here? (not Why he isn't here?)
O Why can't Paula come to the meeting tomorrow? (not Why Paula can't... ?)
O Why didn't you phone me last night?
present simple questions -fr Unit 7 past simple questions ^ Unit 12 questions 2-3 ^ Units 45-46
what/which/how Units 47-48

Exercises
Write questions.
1 I can swim.
2 I work hard.
3 I was late this morning.
4 I’ve got a key.
5 I'll be here tomorrow.
6 I'm going out this evening.
7 I like my job.
8 I live near here.
9 I enjoyed the film.
10 I had a good holiday.
(and you?)
(and Jack?)
(and you?)
(and Kate?)
(and you?)
(and Paul?)
(and you?)
(and Nicola?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
Can you. swim ?..................
Does Jack work hard?..
You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions.
You
s l
(have / a car?) .Have you..g.ot..a car?...........
(u se/a lot?) ..............................................................it.
(use / yesterday?) .......................................................
(enjoy driving?) ............................................................
(a good driver?) ...........................................................
(ever / have / an accident?) .................................
Yes, I have.
Yes, nearly every day.
Yes, to go to work.
Not very much.
I think I am.
No, never.
g f l Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order.
1 (has / gone / where / David?) Where.has..David..gone?.......................
2 (working / Rachel / is / today?) Is.Rachel working today?...............
3 (the children / what / are / doing?) W hat........................................................
4 (made / is / how / cheese?) ........................................................................................
5 (to the party / coming / is / your sister?) ..........................................................
6 (you / the truth / tell / don't / why?) ...................................................................
7 (your guests / have / yet / arrived?) ......................................................................
8 (leave / what time / your train / does?) .............................................................
9 (to work / Emily / why / go / didn't?) ..................................................................
10 (your car / in the accident / was / damaged?) ...............................................
G Complete the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
99

Who saw you? Who did you see?
45 (questions 2)
, SILVIA
subject
Somebody saw Paul.
Who saw Paul?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him.)
who is the subject
Paul is the object
PAUL !
Silvia saw Paul
Silvia saw Paul.
Who saw Paul?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him.)
Who did Silvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
object
i
Silvia saw somebody .
!
Who did Silvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
who is the object
Silvia is the subject
In these questions, who/what is the subject:
O Who lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it - who?)
(not Who does live?)
O What happened? (= something happened - what?)
(not What did happen?)
O What's happening? (What's = What is)
O Who's got my key? (Who's = Who has)
In these questions, who/what is the object:
O Who did you meet yesterday? (= you met somebody - who?)
O What did Paul say? (= Paul said something - what?)
O Who are you phoning?
O What was Silvia wearing?
Compare:
O George likes oranges.
O Jane won a new car.
Who likes oranges? - George.
What does George like? - Oranges.
Who won a new car? - Jane.
What did Jane win? - A new car.
Use who for people (somebody). Use what for things, ideas etc. (something):
O Who is your favourite singer?
What is your favourite song?
100 ( questions -> Units 44,46 what/which/how -> Unit 47

Exercises
Make questions with who or what. In these questions, who/what is the subject.
Make questions with who or what (subject or object).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
V s____________________________________. / £ .
I lost XXXXX yesterday, but fortunately
XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
..What djdyouJose?..
Who found it?
XXXXX phoned me last night. She wanted
XXXXX.
W h o ...
W hat.
I needed some advice, so I asked XXXXX.
He said XXXXX.
I hear that XXXXX got married last week.
XXXXX told me.
I met XXXXX on my way home this
evening. She told me XXXXX.
Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
XXXXX won. After the game we XXXXX.
It was my birthday last week and I had
some presents. XXXXX gave me a book
and Catherine gave me XXXXX.
101

Unit Who is she talking to? What is it like?
46 a (questions 3)
Jessica is talking to somebody.
Who is she talking to?
In questions beginning Who . . . I I W h at... ? / Where ... ? / Which ... ?, prepositions (to/from/with
etc.) usually go at the end:
O 'Where are you from?' 'I'm from Thailand.'
O 'Jack was afraid.' 'What was he afraid of?'
O 'Who do these books belong to?' 'They're mine.'
O 'Tom's father is in hospital.' 'Which hospital is he in?'
O 'Kate is going on holiday.' 'Who with?' / 'Who is she going with?'
O 'Can we talk?' 'Sure. What do you want to talk about?'
What's it like? / What are they like? etc.
What's it like? = What is it like?
What's it like? = tell me something
about it - is it good or bad big or
small old or new (etc.)?
very big. ^
When we say 'What is it like?' like is a preposition. It is not the verb like ('Do you like your new
house?' etc.).
O a: There's a new restaurant in our street.
b: What's it like? Is it good?
I don't know. I haven't eaten there yet.
a :
o a : What's your new teacher like?
b: She's very good. We learn a lot.
O a : I met Nicola's parents yesterday.
b: Did you? What are they like?
a : They're very nice.
O a : Did you have a good holiday? What was the weather like?
b: It was lovely. It was sunny every day.
( questions 1-2 Units 44-45 what/which/how Unit 47 prepositions 4 Units 103-113

Exercises
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
1 ( T^e leccer is from XXXXX.)....( ....W ho jstheleffierfrom ?...................................................................^
2 ( I'm looking for a XXXXX.) ( w h a t ......................... yo u.......................................................................... I)
3 fl went co che cinema wich XXXXX.) f ................................................................................................)
4 ( The fiIm was about XXXXX.) ( ..............................................................................................I)
5 ( I gave the money to XXXXX.) ( ..............................................................................................
6 f The book was written by XXXXX.~) (*............................................................................................... J l
1 ^ 3 1 Write questions about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition:
go listen look talk talk wait
1 W hojs.sheM lklna.to? 4 W hat............
2 W hat...................they............................................................ 5 W hat.............
3 Which restaurant................................................................ 6 Which bus.
Write questions beginning Which ... ?
^2201 Y °u want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there. Ask
questions with What is/are ... like?
1 (the roads) ............................................................................................................................
2 (the food) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 (the people) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (the weather) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Ask questions with What was/were ... like?
1 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the weather.
What was tha.waathar.lika?............................
2 Your friend has just come back from the cinema. Ask about the film.
3 Your friend has just finished an English course. Ask about the lessons.
It was
vary good
4 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the hotel.
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 103

Unit What...? Which...? How...?
47 (questions 4)
What + noun(What colour ... ? / What kind ... ? etc.)
What colour is your car? What colour are your eyes?
What size is this shirt? O What make is your TV?
What time is it? O What day is it today?
What kind of job do you want?
(
o
rW
hat type of job ... ? / What sort of job ... ?)
What without a noun:
What's your favourite colour?
What do you want to do tonight?
Which + noun (things or people):
Which train did you catch - the 9.50 or the 10.30?
Which doctor did you see - Doctor Ellis, Doctor Gray or Doctor Hill?
We use which without a noun for things, not people:
Which is bigger - Canada or Australia?
We use who for people (without a noun):
Who is taller - Joe or Gary? (not Which is taller?)
What or which?
We use which when we are thinking about a small number of possibilities (perhaps 2, 3 or 4):
O We can go this way or that way.
Which way shall we go?
There are four umbrellas here.
Which is yours?
? or 7 or 7 or 7
• • • •
WHICH?
What is more general:
What's the capital of Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina)
What sort of music do you like? (of all kinds of music)
Compare:
What colour are his eyes? (not Which colour?)
Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?
O What is the longest river in the world?
Which is the longest river - the Mississippi, the Amazon or the Nile?
H ow ... ?
O 'How was the party last night?' 'It was great.'
O 'How do you usually go to work?' 'By bus.'
You can use how + adjective/adverb (how tall / how old / how often etc.):
How
tall are you?' 'I'm 1 metre 70.'
big is the house?' 'Not very big.'
old is your mother?' 'She's 45.'
far is it from here to the airport?' 'Five kilometres.'
often do you use your car?' 'Every day.'
long have they been married?' 'Ten years.'
much was the meal?' 'Thirty pounds.'
104 ( questions 4Units 44-46 How long does it take? ->
• Unit 48 which one(s) Unit 75
3

Write questions with what.
N___________
Exercises
1
r a
I've got a new TV. (make?)
2 1want a job. (kind?)
3 1 bought a new sweater. (colour?)
4 1got up early this morning. (time?)
5 1 like music. (type?)
6 1want to buy a car.
V 7 J
Jkind?)
Complete the questions. Use Which ... ?
C B 9 Write what/which/who.
1 W hat..... is that man's name?
2 Which.....way shall we go? Left or right?
3 You can have tea or coffee............................
do you prefer?
4 '.......................day is it today?' 'Friday.'
5 This is a nice office............................. desk is yours?
6 .......................is your favourite sport?
G9 Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high/long etc.).
7 .......................is more expensive, meat or fish?
8 .......................is older, Liz or Steve?
9 .......................kind of camera have you got?
10 a : I have three cameras.
b: .........................camera do you use most?
11 .......................nationality are you?
C O Write questions with H ow ... ?
1 Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80?
2 Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? .......................
3 Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?......................... .......................
4 Did you spend £20? £30? £50? .......................
5 Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never?
How tail are you?
6 Is it 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 1500? 2000?
105

Unit
48 How long does it take ... ?
How long does it take from ... to
How long does it take by plane from New York to
N
ew'I'W
Washington?
/ k It takes an hour.
" , >?
€
o
*
O How long does it take by train from London to Manchester?
It takes two hours by train from London to Manchester.
O How long does it take by car from your house to the station?
O It takes ten minutes by car from my house to the station.
How long does it take to do something?
does
How long did it take to ... ?
will
takes
took
will take
a week
a long time
three hours
doesn't
didn't
won't
take long
to
How long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship?
'I came by train.' 'Did you? How long did it take (to get here)?'
How long will it take to get from here to the hotel?
It takes a long time to learn a language.
It doesn't take long to cook an omelette.
It won't take long to fix the computer.
How long does it take you to do something?
does you
How long did it take Tom t o ... ?
will them
takes me a week
It took Tom a long time t o ...
will take them three hours
I started reading the book on Monday.
I finished it on Wednesday evening.
It took me three days to read it.
How long will it take me to learn to drive?
It takes Tom 20 minutes to get to work in the morning.
It took us an hour to do the shopping.
Did it take you a long time to find a job?
It will take me an hour to cook dinner.
1
0
6

Exercises
Look at the pictures and write questions with How long... ?
FRANCE
Rome
SW ITZERLAND
1 Howjon0dpe5.it.fake by.plane fro
i
v
AIRPORT
CITY
CENTRE
3 ............................................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................................................
How long does it take to do these things? Write full sentences.
1 fly from your city/country to London
Ittpkpstw p.hpurotp.flyfm ................
2 fly from your city/country to New York
3 study to be a doctor in your country
4 walk from your home to the nearest shop
5 get from your home to the nearest airport
3 I learnt to drive last year. I had my first driving lesson in January. I passed my driving test six
months later.
4 Mark drove to London yesterday. He left home at 7 o'clock and got to London at 10.
5 Lisa began looking for a job a long time ago. She got a job last week.
6 Write a sentence about yourself.
Write questions with How long did it take ... ?
1 (Jane found a job.) H.pw.|pn0 d.id.it.ta .......................
2 (I walked to the station.) .....................................................................yo u ....................................
3 (Tom painted the bathroom.) ...................................................................................................................
4 (I learnt to ski.) ...................................................................................................................
5 (They repaired the car.).......................................................................................................................................
Read the situations and write sentences with It to o k. . . .
1 I read a book last week. I started reading it on Monday. I finished it three days later.
Ittppkm p.thrpp.daystp ...........................................................................................
2 We walked home last night. We left at 10 o'clock and we arrived home at 10.20.

Unit Do you know where ... ?
I don't know what... etc
w m
Doyou know
where Paula e
We say: Where is Paula?
but Do you know where Paula is ?
(not Do you know where is Paula?)
In the same way we say:
I know
I don't know where Paula is.
Can you tell me
Compare:
Who are those people?
How old is Nicola?
What time is it?
Where can I go?
How much is this camera?
When are you going away?
Where have they gone?
What was Kate wearing?
but
Do you know
Can you tell me
I know
I don't know
I don't remember
who those people are
how old Nicola is
what time it is
where I can go
how much this camera is
when you're going away
where they have gone
what Kate was wearing
Do you know
I don't know
I don't remember
I know
How do airplanes fly?
What does Jane want?
Why did she go home?
Where did I put the key?
Questions beginning Is ... ? / Do .
Compare:
Is Jack at home? but
Have they got a car?
Can Ben swim?
Do they live near here?
Did anybody see you?
You can use if or whether in these sentences:
O Do you know if they've got a car? or
Do you know whether they've got a car?
O I don't know if anybody saw me. or
I don't know whether anybody saw me.
how airplanes fly
what Jane wants
why she went home
where I put the key
*/ Can ... ? etc. (yes/no questions)
Questions with do/does/did (present simple and past simple)
Where does he live ?
I
but Do you know where he lives ? (not Do you know where does he live?)
Compare:
but
Jack is at home
Do you know
if they've got a car
?
or Ben can swim
I don't know
whether they live near here
anybody saw you
1
0
8

Exercises
( 2 1 Complete the sentences.
1 (How do airplanes fly?)
2 (Where does Susan work?)
3 (What did Peter say?)
4 (Why did he go home early?)
5 (What time does the meeting begin?)
6 (How did the accident happen?)
Do you know hpwairplaneo.fly...
I don't know ...............................................
Do you remember...................................
I don't know ...............................................
Do you know..............................................
I don't remember.....................................
Which is right?
1 Do you know what time 4s4t-/ it is? (Do you know what time it is? is right)
2 Why are you / you are going away?
3 I don't know where are they / they are going.
4 Can you tell me where is the museum / the museum is?
5 Where do you want / you want to go for your holidays?
6 Do you know what do elephants eat / elephants eat?
7 I don't know how far is it / it is from the hotel to the station.
^ 2 2 1 Write questions with Do you know if .
1 (Have they got a car?)
2 (Are they married?)
3 (Does Sue know Bill?)
4 (Will Gary be here tomorrow?)
5 (Did he pass his exam?)
I Write questions beginning Do you know ..
Doyou know.if^ayya.gpt.a.car?.
Do you know ...................................................
1 (What does Laura want?)
2 (Where is Paula?)
3 (Is she working today?)
4 (What time does she start work?)
5 (Are the shops open tomorrow?)
6 (Where do Sarah and Jack live?)
7 (Did they go to Jane's party?)
..Poyouknw
Do.
^ j|Q | Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 Do you know w hy t.b.a.bus w a sja te .
2 Do you know what tim e................................
3 Excuse me; can you tell me where...........
4 I don't know w hat..............................................
5 Do you know if....................................................
6 Do you know how m uch..............................

Unit
50 She said that... He told me that.,
Last week you went to a party. A lot of your friends
were there. Here are some things they said to you:
CLARE
m enjoying my new jo b j
father isn't welQ
am |
is J
—
>was
Today you meet Paul. You tell him about the
party. You tell Paul what your friends said:
O Clare said that she was enjoying
her new job.
O She said that her father wasn't
well.
SARAH
I We're going to
^ ' buy a house.
BEN
I have to leave early.^
KATE
My sister has
gone to Australia.
f I can't find ajob^J
STEVE
phone you.}
*
RACHEL
J I don't like my job. )
*
fson doesn't
like school.
M,KE ( You look tired ")
I feel fine.
YOU
are —
>were
have 1
has !
will —
>would
did
look —
>looked
feel —
>felt
etc. etc.
(present) (past)
O Sarah and Ben said that they
were going to buy a house.
O Peter said that he had to leave
•had e
a
r
|
y
-
O He said that his sister had gone
to Australia.
can could O ^ate sa^ t^
iat s^e couldn't find
a job.
O Steve said that he would phone
me.
O Rachel said that she didn't like
her job.
O She said that her son didn't like
school.
O Mike said that I looked tired.
O I said that I felt fine.
say ( —> said) tell (-> told)
O He said that he was tired. O He told me that he was tired.
(not He said me) (not He told that)
O What did she say to you? O What did she tell you?
(not say you) (not tell to you)
We say he said to me, I said to Ann etc. We say he told me, I told Ann etc.
(not 'he said me' 'I said Ann'). (not 'he told to me', 'I told to Ann').
You can say:
O He said that he was tired, or He said he was tired, (without that)
O Kate told me that she couldn't find a job. or Kate told me she couldn't find a job.
110 ( I told you to ... ^ Unit S3

Exercises
6 D Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She/They said (that)....
| ^ J'v e lost my watch?^
...He said
ve>
7busy.}
^ f can't go to the party.^
if have to go out^
< * 1
J S ^,/j've just come back from holiday.^
^Jj'nn learning Russian.^
10
g°'ng tQ buVa guitar.^
^ ^/^We haven't got a key)
g g | y se the pictures to complete the sentences.
1 I met Clare last week. She said she was.enjoying.her newjpb.
2 Emma didn't want anything to eat. She said...........................................
3 I wanted to borrow Mike's ladder, but he said........................................
4 Hannah was invited to the party, but she said........................................
5 Susan told me she didn't want the picture. She said.........................
6 Martin has just gone away on holiday. He said.....................................
7 I was looking for Robert. Nicola said............................................................
8 'Why did David stay at home?' 'He said..................................................
9 'Has Mary gone out?' 'I think so. She said.............................................
C T i Write say/said or tell/told.
1 H e said. he was tired.
2 What did she you?
3 A nna she didn't like Peter.
4 Jack me that you were ill.
5 Please don't Dan what happened.
6 Did Lucy she would be late?
7 The wom an she was a reporter.
8 The wom an us she was a reporter.
9 They asked me a lot of questions, but I
didn't............... them anything.
10 They asked me a lot of questions, but I
didn't............... anything.

Unit
51 work/working go/going do/doing
work/go/be ecc. (infinitive)
will/can/must etc. + infinitive:
O Anna will be here soon.
O Shall I open the window?
O I might phone you later.
O May I sit here?
O I can't meet you tomorrow.
□ Could you pass the salt, please?.
O It's late. I must go now.
O You shouldn't work so hard.
O Would you like some coffee?
Units 27-28
—>Unit 29
Unit 30
-» Unit 31
—
>
Unit 32
—
» Unit 34
do/does/did + infinitive:
o
do/does
(present simple)
did
(past simple)
O
O
o
Do you work?
They don't work very hard.
Helen doesn’t know many people.
How much does it cost?
Units 6-7
O What time did the train leave?
O We didn’t sleep well.
Unit 12
to work / to go / to be etc. (to + infinitive)
(I'm) going t o ... o I'm going to play tennis tomorrow. -4 Unit 26
o What are you going to do?
(I) have to ... □ I have to go now. -> Unit 33
o Everybody has to eat.
(I) want to ... o Do you want to go out? -» Unit 52
o They don't want to come with us.
(I) would like to ... □ I'd like to talk to you. —
>Unit 34
o Would you like to go out?
(I) used t o ... o Dave used to work in a factory. —
¥ Unit 36
working/going/playing etc.
am/is/are + -ing O Please be quiet. I'm working. —>Units 3 -4 ,8,25
(present continuous) O Tom isn’t working today.
O What time are you going out?
was/were + -ing O It was raining, so we didn't go out. -> Units 13-14
(past continuous) O What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday?
f verbs 7to~and -ing (I want to do / 1enjoy doing) -» Unit 52 go and -ing -» Unit 55

Exercises
Complete the sentences. W rite:... phone Paul o r... to phone Paul.
1 I'll phone Paul..................................................................... 6 Do you have
2 I'm going to.phonePaul.............................................. 7 You should........
3 Can yo u Paul? 8 I w an t.....................
4 Shall I ..........................................................................................? 9 I m ight...................
5 I'd like.......................................................................................... 10 You m ust............
Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the infinitive (work/go
etc.) and sometimes you need -mg (working/going etc.).
do/doing get/getting sleep/sleep ing w atch /w atch in g
eat/eating go/going stay/staying w ear/w earing
fly/flying listen/listening w ait/w aiting w ork/w orking
1 Please be quiet. I'm working......
2 I feel tired today. I didn't sloop very well last night.
3 What time do you usually.........................................up in the morning?
4 'Where are you ?' 'To the office.'
5 Did yo u.......................................TV last night?
6 Look at that plane! It's........................................very low.
7 You can turn off the radio. I'm n o t........................................ to it.
8 They didn't.......................................anything because they weren't hungry.
9 My friends were for me when I arrived.
10 'Does Susan always.......................................glasses?' 'No, only for reading.'
11 'What are you........................................ tonight?' 'I'm ..........................................at home.'
g f i Put the verb in the correct form. Choose from:
the infinitive (work/go etc.) or
t o ... (to work / to go etc.) or
-ing (working/going etc.)
1 Shall I open............................. the window? (open)
2 It's late. I have.........................%Q.QQ. now. (go)
3 Amanda isn't...................................working this week. She's on holiday, (work)
4 I'm tired. I don't w ant........................................out. (go)
5 It might........................................................., so take an umbrella with you. (rain)
6 What time do you have tomorrow morning? (leave)
7 I'm sorry I can't........................................you. (help)
8 My brother is a student. He's........................................physics, (study)
9 Would you like........................................on a trip round the world? (go)
10 When you saw Maria, what was she.........................................? (wear)
11 When you go to London, where are you going ? (stay)
12 I'm hungry. I m ust........................................something to eat. (have)
13 'Where's Gary?' 'He's a bath.' (have)
14 I used..................................................................a car, but I sold it last year, (have)
15 He spoke very quietly. I couldn't....................................... him. (hear)
16 You don't look well. I don't think you should........................................ to work today, (go)
17 I don't know what he said. I wasn't........................................to him. (listen)
18 I missed the bus and had home, (walk)
19 I w ant.............................................what happened, (know) You m ust.........................me. (tell)
20 May I ........................................ this book? (borrow)

Unit
52 to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
verbs +to ... (I wanttodo)
want plan decide try
hope expect offer forget
need promise refuse learn
+to ... (todo/towork/to beetc.)
O What do you wanttodothis evening?
O Its not very late. We don't needtogohome yet.
O Tina has decidedtosell her car.
O You forgottoswitch off the light when you went out.
O My brother is learningtodrive.
O I tried to read my book, but I was too tired.
verbs +-ing(I enjoydoing)
enjoy
mind
stop
finish
suggest +-ing(doing/working/beingetc)
Ienjoydancing. (not enjoy to dance)
I don't mindgettingup early.
Has it stopped raining?
Sonia suggestedgoingto the cinema.
^
1enjoy dancing
■
H verbs +-ingor to ...
like love start
prefer hate begin
continue +-ing(doingetc) or to ... (todoetc.)
Do you likegettingup early? or Do you liketoget up early?
I prefertravelling by car. or I prefertotravel by car.
Anna lovesdancing, or Anna lovestodance.
Ihate beinglate, or I hateto belate.
It started raining, or It startedto rain.
would liketo ... etc.
would like would love
would prefer would hate
+to ... (todo/towork /to beetc.)
Amy would liketo meetyou.
I'dlovetogoto Australia. (I'd=Iwould)
'Wouldyou liketosit down?' 'No, I'dprefertostand, thank you.'
I like this apartment. I wouldn't liketomove.
Ilive in a small village. I'dhateto live in a big city.
114 ( would like -» Unit 34 I want you to ... ■
» Unit 53 go + -ing ^ Unit 55 preposition + -ing ■
» Unit 11J"*)

Exercises
Put the verb in the right form, to ... or -ing.
I enjoy....dancing....... (dance) 8 The weather was nice, so I suggested
What do you w ant....Todo..... ...............................for a walk by the river, (go)
tonight? (do) 9 Where's Ben? He promised...............................
Bye! I hope...............................you again here on time, (be)
soon, (see) 10 I'm not in a hurry. I don't mind
I learnt...............................when I was ................................. (wait)
five years old. (swim) 11 What have you decided...............................? (do)
Have you finished...............................the 12 Dan was angry and refused...............................
kitchen? (clean) to me. (speak)
Where's Anna? I need............................... 13 I'm tired. I w ant...............................to bed. (go)
her something, (ask) 14 I was very upset and started................................. (cry)
Do you enjoy...............................other 15 I'm trying................................. (work) Please
countries? (visit) stop................................. (talk)
Complete the sentences using to ... or ■
go help lose rain
ing. Use these verbs:
read see send wait watch
1 'Have you ever been to Australia?' 'No, but I'd love to.go.....
2 Amy had a lot to do, so I offered....................................... her.
3 I'm surprised that you're here. I didn't expect........................................you.
4 Kate has a lot of books. She enjoys.........................................
5 This ring was my grandmother's. Id hate.........................................it.
6 Don't forget us a postcard when you're on holiday.
7 I'm not going out until it stops.........................................
8 What shall we do this afternoon? Would you like........................................ to the beach?
9 When I'm tired in the evenings, I like........................................TV.
10 'Shall we go now?' 'No, Id prefer........................................a few minutes.'
£ £ ) Complete the answers to the questions.
* /7
Do you usually get up early?
Do you ever go to museums?
Would you like to go to a
museum now?
Do you drive a lot?
Have you ever been to New York?
Do you often travel by train?
Shall we walk home or take a taxi?
Yes, I like to g e t.up.early................................................................
Yes, I enjoy...................................................................................................
No, I'm hungry. I'd prefer....................................................................
to a restaurant.
No, I don't like...........................................................................................
No, but I'd love........................................................................one day.
Yes, I enjoy...................................................................................................
I don't m ind........................................................................., but a taxi
would be quicker.
Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use to ... o r-ing.
I enjoy....................................................................................................................
I don't like............................................................................................................
If it's a nice day tomorrow, I'd like.........................................................
When I'm on holiday, I like.......................................................................
I don't m ind..........................................................................................., but.
I wouldn't like....................................................................................................
-►Additional exercise 32 (page 268) 115

Unit
53 I want you to ... I told you to
I want you to ...
The woman wants to go.
The man doesn't want the woman to go.
He wants her to stay.
We say:
you
I want somebody to do something
Sarah
I want you to be happy. (not I want that you are happy)
They didn't want anybody to know their secret.
Do you want me to lend you some money?
We use would like in the same way:
Would you like me to lend you some money?
We also use this structure with:
verb + somebody + to ...
ask Sue asked a friend to lend her some money.
tell I told you to be careful.
advise What do you advise me to do?
expect I didn't expect them to be here.
persuade We persuaded Gary to come with us.
teach I am teaching my brother to swim.
I told you to ... / 1told you not to ...
JANE ME
—>Jane told me to wait for her.
(Pon’t wait for me.^
PAUL SUE
■
»Paul told Sue not to wait for him.
1
1
6
1
make and let
After make and let, we do not use to:
He's very funny. He makes me laugh. (not makes me to laugh)
At school our teacher made us work very hard.
I didn't have my phone with me, so Sue let me use hers. (not let me to use)
You can say Let's ... (= Let us) when you want people to do things with you:
Come on! Let's dance.
'Do you want to go out tonight?' 'No, I'm tired. Let's stay at home.'
( Let's... Unit 35 He told me th at... ^ Unit 50

Exercises
Write sentences beginning I want you ... / 1don't want you ... / Do you want me .
1 (you must come with me) ..................................................
2 (listen carefully)
3 (please don't be angry)
4 (shall I wait for you?)
5 (don't call me tonight)
6 (you must meet Sarah)
I w an t...
I don't....
Do yo u .
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
® r Comeonl Lets ^ ® ( Where’s the station?^ ®
■ .....
Comeonl Let’s
go to the cinema!
It’s a good film.
® (Can you help m e ?):
TOM ■
YOU PAUL YOU SUE YOU AMY
Dan persuaded .^.^.So.gp.tp.the cinema........
I wanted to get to the station. A woman told.
Ben wasn't well. I advised.............................................
Laura had a lot of luggage. She asked...................
I was too busy to talk to Tom. I told.....................
I wanted to make a phone call. Paul let..............
Sue is going to call me later. I told..........................
Amy's mother taught......................................................
Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go / to wait
etc.); sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait etc.).
arrive borrow get go make repeat tell think wait
1 Please stay here. I don't want yo u To go yet.
2 I didn't hear what she said, so I asked her................................................ it.
3 'Shall we begin?' 'No, let's................................................a few minutes.'
4 Are they already here? I expected them ................................................ much later.
5 Kevin's parents didn't want him ................................................ married.
6 I want to stay here. You can't make m e................................................with you.
7 'Is that your bike?' 'No, it's John's. He let m e...............................................it.'
8 Rachel can't come to the party. She told m e...............................................you.
9 Would you like a drink? Would you like m e...............................................some coffee?
10 'Kate doesn't like me.' 'What makes yo u................................................ that?'
117

Unit
54 I went to the shop to ...
Paula wanted a newspaper, so she
went to the shop.
Why did she go to the shop?
To get a newspaper.
She went to the shop to get a
newspaper.
to ... (to get / to see etc.) tells us why a person does something:
O 'Why are you going out?' To buy some food.'
O Catherine went to the station to meet her friend.
O Sue turned on the television to watch the news.
O I'd like to go to Spain to learn Spanish.
money/time to (do something):
O We need some money to buy food.
O I haven't got time to watch television.
to ... and for ...
to + verb
(to get / to see etc.)
O I went to the shop to get a newspaper.
(not for get)
O They're going to Brazil to see their
friends.
O We need some money to buy food.
for + noun
(for a newspaper / for food etc.)
O I went to the shop for a newspaper.
O They're going to Brazil for a holiday.
O We need some money for food.
wait fo r...
O Please wait for me.
O Are you waiting for the bus?
wait to (do something):
O Hurry up! I'm waiting to go.
O Are you waiting to see the doctor?
wait for (somebody/something) to ...
O The lights are red. You have to wait for them
to change.
O Are you waiting for the doctor to come?
They're waiting for the lights to
change.
1
1
8 go to ... and go for ... -♦ Unit 55 something to eat / nothing to do etc. ^ Unit 79
enough + to/for ... -4 Unit 91 too + to/for 4 Unit 92

Write sentences beginning I went to .... Choose from the boxes.
a coffee shop the station buy some vegetables get some medicine
the chemist the market + meet a friend get a train ticket
1 [ went to the station to get a train ticket,..............................................................................................
2 I w ent.......................................................................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
to get some fresh air to read the newspaper to wake him up
to open this door to see who it was to watch the news
1 I turned on the T V to watch the news..........................................................................................................
2 Alice sat down in an armchair..................................................................................................................................
3 Do I need a key...................................................................................................................................................................
4 I went for a walk by the river......................................................................................................................................
5 I knocked on the door of David's room ..............................................................................................................
6 TTie doorbell rang, so I looked out of the w indow.......................................................................................
Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to . . . .
1 I went to the shop to.QetAD.§wspaper.........................................................................................................
2 I'm very busy. I don't have tim e................................................................................................................................
3 I called A m y...........................................................................................................................................................................
4 I'm going o u t.........................................................................................................................................................................
5 I borrowed some money...............................................................................................................................................
Write to or for.
1 I went o u t to get some bread.
2 We went to a restaurant.................have dinner.
3 Robert wants to go to university study economics.
4 I'm going to London an interview next week.
5 I'm going to London visit some friends of mine.
6 Do you have tim e a cup of coffee?
7 I got up late this morning. I didn't have tim e.................wash.
8 Everybody needs m oney live.
9 We didn't have any money a taxi, so we walked home.
10 TTie office is very small. There's space only a desk and chair.
11 a : Excuse me, are you waiting be served?
b: No, I'm already being served, thanks.
Complete these sentences. Choose from:
it/ to arrive you/tell me them / change the film / begin
1 We stopped at the lights and waited for them to. change.....................................................................
2 I sat down in the cinema and waited........................................................................................................................
3 We called an ambulance and waited.........................................................................................................................
4 'Do you know what to do?' 'No, I'm waiting....................................................................................................
Exercises
Q )
ggj

go to ... (go to work / go to London / go to a concert etc)
What time do you usually go to work?
I'm going to China next week.
Sophie didn't want to go to the concert
'Where's Tom?' 'He's gone to bed.'
I went to the dentist yesterday.
go to sleep = start to sleep:
I was very tired and went to sleep quickly.
go home (without to)
I'm going home now. (not going to home)
go to
go on
go on
holiday
a trip
a tour
a cruise
strike
We re going on holiday next week.
Children often go on school trips.
Workers at the airport have gone on strike.
(= they are refusing to work)
go for
a walk O 'Where's Emma?' 'She's gone for a walk.'
a run O Do you go for a run every morning?
go (somewhere) for a swim O The water looks nice. I'm going for a swim.
a drink O 1met Chris in town, so we went for coffee.
a meal O Shall we go out for a meal? 1 know a good restaurant.
go + -ing
We use go + -ing for many sports (swimming / skiing etc.) and also shopping.
I go
he is going
we went
they have gone
she wants to go
shopping
swimming
fishing
sailing
skiing
jogging etc.
Are you going shopping this afternoon?
It's a nice day. Let's go swimming.
(or Let's go for a swim.)
Richard has a small boat and he often goes sailing.
I went jogging before breakfast this morning.

Exercises
Write to/on/for where necessary.
1 I'm going..to......China next week.
2 Richard oftengoes...z sailing, (no preposition)
3 Sue w ent............. Mexico last year.
4 Jack goes............. jogging every morning.
5 I'm going o u t............. a walk. Do you want to come?
6 I'm tired because I w ent bed very late last night.
7 Mark is going.............holiday................... Italy next week.
8 The weather was warm and the river was clean, so we w ent a swim.
9 The taxi drivers w ent................. strike when I was in New York.
10 Let's go the cinema this evening.
11 It's late. I have to go.................home now.
12 Would you like to go a tour of the city?
13 Shall we go o u t...............dinner this evening?
14 My parents are going a cruise this summer.
m i Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use go/goes/going/went + -ing.
CD often
RICHARD
every day
EMILY
@ next month
JESSICA PETER
(D yesterday
SARAH
Richard has a boat. He often AQessafiing
Last Saturday Emily w ent................................................................................
D an every day.
Jessica is going on holiday next month. She is.....................................
Peter is going out later. He has to ................................................................
Sarah................................................................................after work yesterday.
Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use to/on/for if necessary.
a swim holiday Portugal shopping sleep
a walk home riding skiing university
The water looks nice. Let's go for a swim......
After leaving school, Tina w ent where she studied psychology.
I'm going...................................................................... now. I have to buy a few things.
I was very tired last night. I sat down in an armchair and w ent........................................................................
I wasn't enjoying the party, so I w ent........................................................................early.
We live near the mountains. In winter we go........................................................................most weekends.
Robert has got a horse. He goes...................................................................... a lot.
The weather is nice. Shall we go........................................................................along the river?
a : Are you going........................................................................soon?
b: Yes, next month. We're going We've never been there before.

Unit
56 get
get + noun = receive, buy, find etc
you don't have something
you get it
you have it
O I got an email from Sam this morning. (= receive)
O I like your sweater. Where did you get it? (= buy)
O It's hard to get a job at the moment? (= find)
O 'Is Lisa here?' 'Yes, I'll get her for you.'
also get a bus / a train / a taxi (= take a bus/train etc.):
O 'Did you walk here?' 'No, I got the bus.'
get hungry / get cold / get tired etc. (get + adjective) - become:
you get hungry
you're not hungry ^ you are hungry
O If you don't eat, you get hungry.
O Drink your coffee. It's getting cold.
I'm sorry your mother is ill. I hope she gets better soon.
O It was raining very hard. We didn't have an umbrella, so we got very wet.
also get m arried
get dressed (= put your clothes on)
get lost (= lose your way)
O Nicola and Frank are getting m arried soon.
O I got up and got dressed quickly.
O We didn't have a map, so we got lost.
get to a place = arrive:
O I usually get to w o rk before 8.30. (= arrive at work)
O We left London at 10 o'clock and got to M an chester
at 12.45.
get here/there (without to):
O How did you get here? By bus?
get hom e (without to):
O What time did you get hom e last night?
get in/out/on/off
get to
get in (a car) get out (of a car) get on get off
(a bus / a train / a plane)
O Kate got in the car and drove away. (You can also say: Kate got into the car and ...)
O A car stopped and a man got out. (but A man got out of the car.)
O We got on th e bus outside the hotel and got off in Church Street.
122 ( get to -» Unit 108 in/out/on/off -» Units 110,114 get up -» Unit 114 get o n -» Appendix 6

Complete these sentences. Use get/gets and choose from the box.
a doctor a lot of rain a taxi my email the job
a good salary a new laptop a ticket some milk your boots
1 Did you Qetmyema ? | sent it a week ago.
2 Where did yo u ? They're very nice.
3 Quick! This man is ill. We need to ................................................................................................
4 I don't want to walk home. Let's................................................................................................
5 Tom has an interview tomorrow. I hope he................................................................................................
6 When you go to the shop, can yo u ............................................................................................... ?
7 'Are you going to the concert?' 'Yes, if I can................................................................................................'
8 Helen has got a well-paid job. She................................................................................................
9 The weather is horrible here in winter. W e ................................................................................................
10 I'm going to ................................................................................................. Theone I have is too slow.
Complete these sentences. Use getting + these words:
cold dark late married ready
1 Drink your coffee. It's g^tt|ng.cpjd......
2 Turn on the light. It's................................................................................................
3 'I'm ............................................................................................... next week.' 'Really? Congratulations!'
4 'Where's Karen?' 'She's............................................................................................... to go out.'
5 It's It's time to go home.
Complete the sentences. Use get/gets/got + these words:
angry better hungry lost married old wet
1 If you don't eat, yo u get hungry......
2 Don't go out in the rain. You'll................................................................................................
3 My brother................................................................................................last year. His wife's name is Sarah.
4 Mark is always very calm. He never................................................................................................
5 We tried to find the hotel, but w e ................................................................................................
6 Everybody wants to stay young, but we all................................................................................................
7 Yesterday the weather wasn't so good at first, but it .................................................................................
during the day.
Write sentences with I left... and got to . . . .
1 home / 7.30 —>work / 8.15
Ik ft.h p m ^ .........................................................................
2 London /10.15 —>Bristol /11.45
I left London at 10.15 and...........................................................................................................................................
3 the party /11.15 —
>home / midnight
Exercises
4 Write a sentence about yourself.
I left............................................................
g g Write got in / got out of / got on / got off.
1 Kate got.in the car and drove away.
2 I ................................................................the bus and walked to my house from the bus stop.
3 Isabel.............................................................. the car, shut the door and went into a shop.
4 I made a stupid mistake. I .............................................................. the wrong train.

Unit
57 do and make
Do is a general word for actions:
O What are you doing this evening? (not What are you making?)
O 'Shall I open the window?' 'No, it's OK. I'll do it.'
O Rachel's job is very boring. She does the same thing every day.
I did a lot of things yesterday.
What do you do? = What's your job?:
O 'What do you do?' 'I work in a bank.'
Make = produce/create. For example:
rs
i n t i
She's making coffee. He has made a cake. They make umbrellas. It was made in China.
I Compare do and make:
I did a lot yesterday. I cleaned my room, I wrote some letters and I made a cake.
a : What do you do in your free time? Sport? Reading? Hobbies?
b: I make clothes. I make dresses and jackets. I also make toys for my children.
Expressions with do
do
an exam / a test O
a course o
homework o
housework o
somebody a favour o
an exercise o
I'm doing my driving test next week.
John has just done a training course.
Our children have to do a lot of homework.
I hate doing housework, especially cleaning.
Sue, could you do me a favour?
I go for a run and do exercises every morning.
also do the shopping / do the washing / do the washing-up / do the ironing / do the cooking etc.
O I did the washing but I didn't do the shopping.
Expressions with make
a mistake O I'm sorry, I made a mistake.
an appointment O I need to make an appointment to see the doctor.
make
a phone call O Excuse me, I have to make a phone call.
a list o Have you made a shopping list?
a noise o It's late. Don't make a noise.
a bed o Sometimes I forget to make my bed in the morning.
We say make a film but take a photo / take a picture:
When was this film made?
but O When was this photo taken?
124 ( do/does/did (negatives and questions) ■» Units 43-44 make somebody do something Unit 53 )

Exercises
Write make/making/made or do/doing/did/done.
1 'Shall I open the window?' 'No, it's OK. I'll d o it.'
2 What did yo u........................................at the weekend? Did you go away?
3 Do you know how to ........................................ bread?
4 Paper is.........................................from wood.
5 Richard didn't help me. He sac in an armchair and........................................ nothing.
6 'What do you ?' 'I’m a doctor.'
7 I asked you to clean the bathroom. Have you.......................................it?
8 'What do they........................................ in that factory?’ 'Shoes.'
9 I'm some coffee. Would you like some?
10 Why are you angry with me? I didn’t ........................................anything wrong.
11 ‘What are yo u........................................ tomorrow afternoon?' 'I'm working.'
G9 What are these people doing?
1 He'smakings, c
a
k
e
. 6
2 They........................................................................................... 7
3 H e............................................................................................... 8
4 ....................................................................................................... 9
5 10
Write make or do in the correct form.
1 I hate doing housework, especially cleaning.
2 Why do you always........................................ the same mistake?
3 ‘Can yo u........................................ me a favour?’ ‘It depends what it is.’
4 'Have yo u........................................your homework?’ 'Not yet.'
5 I need to see the dentist, but I haven't........................................an appointment.
6 I'm ........................................a course in photography at the moment. It’s very good.
7 The last time I ........................................an exam was ten years ago.
8 How many phone calls did yo u .......................................yesterday?
9 When you've finished Exercise 1, you can.........................................Exercise 2.
10 There's something wrong with the car. The engine is a strange noise.
11 It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I've ever.........................................
12 Let's........................................a list of all the things we have to ........................................today.

Unit
58 have
have and have got
I have (something) or I've got (something) = it is mine:
O I have a new car. or I've got a new car.
O Sue has long hair, or Sue has got long hair.
O Do they have any children? or Have they got any children?
O Tom doesn't have a job. or Tom hasn't got a job.
O How much time do you have? or How much time have you got?
also
I have
I've got
a headache / (a) toothache / a pain (in my leg etc.)
a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature / flu etc.
O I have a headache, or I've got a headache.
O Do you have a cold? or Have you got a cold?
The past is I had (without got) / 1didn't have / Did you have? etc.:
O When I first met Sue, she had short hair.
O He didn't have any money because he didn't have a job.
O Did you have enough time to do everything you wanted?
have breakfast / have a shower etc.
In these expressions have = eat/drink/take etc. You can't use 'have got'.
O
have
breakfast / lunch / dinner
a meal / a sandwich / a pizza etc.
a cup of coffee / a glass of milk etc.
something to eat/drink
'Where's Lisa?' 'She's having lunch.'
O I don't usually have breakfast.
O I had three cups of coffee this morning.
O 'Have a biscuit!' 'Oh, thank you.'
We also use have (not have got) in these expressions:
a bath / a shower
a rest / a holiday / a party
a nice time / a good trip / fun etc.
have a walk / a swim / a game (of tennis etc.)
a dream / an accident
a baby
a look (at something)
O I had a shower this morning.
O We're having a party next week. You must come.
O Enjoy your holiday. Have a nice time!
O Did you have a good time in Tokyo?
O Sandra has just had a baby.
O Can I have a look at your magazine?
Compare:
Have or have got
O I have / I've got a new shower. It's very good.
Have (not have got)
O I have a shower every morning.
(not I've got a shower every morning)
O a : Where's Paul?
b: He's having a shower.
(= he's washing now)
1
2
6 [ I have / I've got -» Unit 9 I've (done) (present perfect) 4Units 15-18 I have to ... ■
» Unit 33 )

Exercises
Write the correct form of have or have got.
1 1.didn’t hava time to do the shopping yesterday. (I / not / have)
2 ' Has Lis^..gQtXQKQQesXi^.h^y^Ji a car?' 'No, she can't drive.' (Lisa / have?)
3 He can't open the door. .....................................................a key. (he / not / have)
4 ......................................................a cold last week. He's better now. (Gary / have)
5 What's wrong? ................................................................a headache? (you / have?)
6 We wanted to go by taxi, but................................................................enough money. (we / not / have)
7 Laura is very busy much free time. (she / not / have)
8 .............................................................. any problems when you were on holiday? (you / have?)
m i What are these people doing? Choose from the list:
a bath breakfast a cup of tea dinner a good time a rest
1 They’re haying.braakfaot,......................................... 4 They
2 She................................................................................................ 5 .............
3 H e................................................................................................. 6............................................................................................................
What do you say in these situations? Use have.
1 Emily is going on holiday. What do you say to her before she goes?
Have a nj.ce.holiday!...............................................................................................................................................................
2 You meet Clare at the airport. She has just got off her plane. Ask her about the flight.
D j d y o u h a ^ ^ .................................................................................................................................
3 Tom is going on a long trip. What do you say to him before he leaves?
4 It's Monday morning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend.
5 Paul has just come home after playing tennis with a friend. Ask him about the game.
6 Rachel is going out this evening. What do you say to her before she goes?
7 Mark has just returned from holiday. Ask him about his holiday.
ggggp Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list.
an accident a glass of water a look a walk a party something to eat
1 W e had a.p arty a few weeks ago. We invited 50 people.
2 'Shall w e ..............................................................................................?' 'No, I'm not hungry.'
3 I was thirsty, so I ................................................................................................
4 I like to get up early and..............................................................................................before breakfast.
5 Tina is a very good driver. She has never................................................................................................
6 There's something wrong with the engine of my car. Can yo u .........................................................................at it?

Unit
59 |/me he/him they/them etc.
People
subject
object
I we
me us
you
you
he
him
she
her
they
them
subject object
I I know Tom. Tom knows me. me
we We know Tom. Tom knows us. us
you You know Tom. Tom knows you. you
he He knows Tom. Tom knows him. him
she She knows Tom. Tom knows her. her
they They know Tom. Tom knows them. them
Things
(k's nice. I like ^ t)
subject it
object it
O I don't want this book. You can have it.
O I don't want these books. You can have them.
O Kate never drinks milk. She doesn't like it
O I never go to parties. I don't like them.
We use me/her/them etc. (object) after a preposition (for/to/with etc):
O Tinis letter isn't for me. It's for you.
O Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?
O We're going to the cinema. Do you want to come with us?
O Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. Do you want to go with them?
O 'Where's the newspaper?' 'You're sitting on it.'
give it/them to ...
O I want that book. Please give it to me.
O Robert needs these books. Can you give them to him, please?
1
128 ( my/his/their etc. Unit 60 Give me that book / Give it to me Unit 96

Complete the sentences with him/her/them.
1 I don't know those girls. Do you know them ?
2 I don't know that man. Do you know ........................................ ?
3 I don't know those people. Do you know ...................................
4 I don't know David's wife. Do you know ......................................
5 I don't know Mr Stevens. Do you know .......................................
6 I don't know Sarah's parents. Do you know ...............................
7 I don't know the woman in the black coat. Do you know
Complete the sentences. Use l/me/you/she/her etc.
Exercises
I want to see her, b u t she d
oesn't want to see tne....
I_________________1 I
They want to see me, b ut....................................... don't want to see
She wants to see him, b u t......................................doesn’t want to see
We want to see them, b u t......................................don't want to see.......
He wants to see us, but.......................................don’t want to see
They want to see her, b ut.......................................doesn't want to see
I want to see them, b u t...................................... don’t want to see
You want to see her, b u t.......................................doesn’t want to see....
Write sentences beginning I like . . . , I don’t like ... or Do you like... ?
don’t eat tomatoes [don't like them
George is a very nice man. I like
This jacket isn’t very nice. I don’t
This is my new car. Do..................
Mrs Clark is not very friendly. I .....
These are my new shoes....................
Complete the sentences. Use l/me/he/him etc.
1 Who is that woman? Why are you looking a t her.....
2 'Do you know that man?' Yes, I work with
3 Where are the tickets? I can't fin d.........................................
4 I can't find my keys. Where are........................................ ?
5 We're going out. You can come w ith ....................................
6 I've got a new motorbike. Do you want to see...............
7 Maria likes music.............................................plays the piano.
8 I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid o f.........................................
9 I'm talking to you. Please listen to .........................................
10 Where is Anna? I want to talk to .........................................
11 You can have these CDs. I don't w ant.........................................
12 My brother has a new job, but doesn't like very much.
Complete the sentences.
1 I need that book. Can yo u give it.to.me.
2 He wants the key. Can you give........................
3 She wants the keys. Can you...............................
4 I need my bag. Can you.........................................
5 They want the money. Can yo u ........................
6 We want the pictures. Can you..........................
129

Unit
60 my/his/their etc.
7
my umbrella)(our umbrella) (your umbrella^ (h is umbrella) (h er umbrella
1 my
we our
you your
he his
she —
» her
they —
> their
1 like my house.
We like our house.
You like your house.
He likes his house.
She likes her house.
They like their house.
it —
» its Oxford (= it) is famous for its university.
We use my/your/his etc. + noun:
my hands his new car her parents
our clothes your best friend their room
their umbrella
his/her/their
AMY
her car
(= Amy's car)
%
ANDY
his bike
his sister
his parents
her husband 0 k
(= Amy's
husband)
her children
(= Amy's
children)
its and it's
its Oxford is famous for its university.
it's (= it is) I like Oxford. It's a nice place. (= It is a nice place.)
-
MR AND
MRS LEE
their son ^ B |
their daughter
their children A
130 [ mine/yours etc. -» Unit 61 l/me/my/mine ■
» Unit 62
D

Exercises
Complete the sentences in the same way.
1 I'm going to w ash !T!y hands......
2 She's going to w ash..............................................hands.
4 He's going to w ash.......
5 They're going to w ash.
3 We're going to w ash......................................................... 6 Are you going to wash .
1 H e lives w|th.hjs.parents......
2 They live w ith ...................................................... parents.
3 W e..............................................................................parents.
5 I.....................
6 John................
7 Do you live.
. parents.
4 Martina lives.......................................................................... 8 Most children .
Look at the family tree, and complete the sentences with his/her/their.
" U K
SARAH = PHILIP
'T
f
lt
f
V
t
r
BEN
&
t it
WILL
1 I saw Sarah w ith her husband, Philip.
2 I saw Laura and Steve w ith .........................children.
3 I saw Steve w ith .........................wife, Laura.
4 I saw Ben w ith .........................brother, Will.
5 I saw Laura w ith .........................brother, Will.
6 I saw Sarah and Philip w ith ........................son, Will.
7 I saw Laura w ith .........................parents.
8 I saw Beth and Robert w ith .......................parents.
STEVE
ROBERT
m
m m
BETH
Write my/our/your/his/her/their/its.
1 Do you like y
o
u
r job?
2 I know Mr Watson, but I don't know.........................wife.
3 Alice and Tom live in London............................son lives in Australia.
4 We're going to have a party. We’re going to invite all.........................friends.
5 Anna is going out w ith friends this evening.
6 I like tennis. It's favourite sport.
7 'Is that.......................car?' 'No, I don't have a car.’
8 I want to contact Maria. Do you know.........................number?
9 Do you think most people are happy in .......................jobs?
10 I'm going to w ash.........................hair before I go out.
11 This is a beautiful tree leaves are a beautiful colour.
12 John has a brother and a sister. .......................brother is 25, an d sister is 21.
Complete the sentences. Use my/his/their etc. with these words:
coat homework house husband -job key name
1 James doesn't enjoy hisjob it's not very interesting.
2 I can't get in. I don't have........................................................................
3 Sally is married............................................................................ works in a bank.
4 Please take o ff.................................................'...................... and sit down.
5 'What are the children doing?' 'They're doing........................................................................'
6 'Do you know that man?' 'Yes, but I don't know .........................................................................'
7 We live in Barton Street.............................................................................is at the end on the left.

Unit
Whose is this? It s mine/yours/hers etc.
( ours )
1 my mine
we —> our —> ours
you your -> yours
he —> his —> his
she —> her —> hers
they —> their —> theirs
It's my money. It's mine.
It's our money. It's ours.
It's your money. It's yours.
It's his money. It's his.
It's her money. It's hers.
It's their money. It's theirs.
We use my/your etc. + noun (my hands / your book etc.):
My hands are cold.
O Is this your book?
O Helen gave me her umbrella.
O It s their problem, not our problem.
We use mine/yours etc. without a noun:
Q Is this book mine or yours? (= my book or your book)
I didn't have an umbrella, so Sarah gave me hers. (= her umbrella)
O It's their problem, not ours. (= not our problem)
O We went in our car, and they went in theirs. (= their car)
You can use his with or without a noun:
Is this his camera or hers?' It's his.'
a friend of mine / a friend of his / some friends of yours etc.
O I went out to meet a friend of mine. (not a friend of me)
O Tom was in the restaurant with a friend of his. (not a friend of him)
O Are those people friends of yours? (not friends of you)
Whose ..?
Whose phone is this? (= Is it your phone? his phone? my phone? etc.)
You can use whose with or without a noun:
Whose money is this? 1 I K
7 Its mine. W r f
Whose is this? J
Whose shoes are these? 1 ^ , . ,
Theyre Johns.
Whose are these? J
[ my/his/their etc. -» Unit 60 l/me/my/mine ■
» Unit 62 Kate's camera / my brother's car Unit 64 J

Exercises
Complete the sentences with mine/yours etc.
1 It's your money. It's yours.......................................
2 It's my bag. It's....................................................................
3 It's our car. It's.....................................................................
4 They're her shoes. They're..........................................
5 It's their house. It's......................
6 They're your books. They're
7 They're my glasses. They're....
8 It's his coat. It's..............................
Choose the right word.
1 It's their/ theirs problem, not -eu^/ours. (theirand ours are right)
2 This is a nice camera. Is it vour/yours?
3 That's not mv/mine umbrella. My/Mine is black.
4 Whose books are these? Your/Yours or mv/mine?
5 Catherine is going out with her/hers friends this evening.
6 My/Mine room is bigger than her/hers.
7 They have two children, but I don't know their/theirs names.
8 Can we use your washing machine? Our/Ours isn't working.
^ Q Q I C ° mplete these sentences. Use friend(s) of mine/yours etc.
I went to the cinema with a friend of mjne
They went on holiday with som e friends of theirs...
She's going out with a friend........................................................
We had dinner with som e............................................................
I played tennis with a .......................................................................
Tom is going to meet a ...................................................................
Do you know those people? Are they..................................
Look at the pictures. What are the people saying?
m ...
133

l/me/my/mine
Unit
i see him, but he can't see me.
I etc.
(-> Unit 59)
me etc
(-> Unit 59)
my etc.
(—>Unit 60)
i give me your
number, and I'll
give you mine.
mine etc.
(—>Unit 61)
AI know Tom. Tom knows me. It's my car. It's mine.
J
We know Tom. Tom knows us. It's our car. It's ours.
m You know Tom. Tom knows you. It's your car. It's yours.
He knows Tom. Tom knows him. It's his car. It's his.
She knows Tom. Tom knows her. It's her car. It's hers.
90 They know Tom. Tom knows them. It's their car. It's theirs.
Study these examples:
O 'Do you know that man?' 'Yes, I know him, but I can't remember his name.'
O She was very pleased because we invited her to stay with us at our house.
O a: Where are the children? Have you seen them?
b: Yes, they are playing with their friends in the park.
That's my pen. Can you give it to me, please?
O Is this your umbrella?' No, it's yours.'
He didn't have an umbrella, so she gave him hers. (= she gave her umbrella to him)
O I'm going out with a friend of mine this evening. (not a friend of me)
C myself/yourself etc. 4Unit 63 Give me that book / Give it to me Unit 96 3

Exercises
^jj | | Answer the questions in the same way.
Yes, I know him,.but] can’t...
remember his name
7
Yes, I know but I can't
remember.................................................
® (D o you know me?^
Yes, I ., but Yes, I . ., but
. names.
1 We invited her to s ta y with us.a t our house......
2 He invited us to stay w ith ................................................at his house.
3 They invited me to stay w ith ....................................................................................................... house.
4 I invited them to stay....................................................................................................... house.
5 She invited us to stay....................................................................................................... house.
6 Did you invite him ....................................................................................................... house?
^ 2 9 1 Complete the sentences in the same way.
1 I gave him MY phone number, and he gave me his
2 I gave her w y phone number, and she gave m e................................................................
3 He gave m e his phone number, and I gave................................................................
4 We gave them .......................phone number, and they gave...........................................................
5 She gave him .......................phone number, and he gave..................................................................
6 You gave u s.........................phone number, and we gave.................................................................
7 They gave you.......................phone number, and you gave.............................................................
m Write him/her/yours etc.
1 Where's Amanda? Have you seen her ?
2 Where are my keys? Where did I p u t.......................?
3 This book belongs to Ben. Can you give it to .......................?
4 We don't see.........................neighbours much. They're not at home very often.
5 'I can't find my phone. Can I use.......................?' 'Yes, of course.'
6 We're going to the cinema. Why don't you come w ith........................ ?
7 Did your sister pass.........................exams?
8 Some people talk about.......................work all the time.
9 Last night I went out for a meal with a friend o f.........................

Unit
63 myself/yourself/themselves etc.
• i
W
m-
i v m
j i
He's looking at himself
^Help yourself! w m j g
They're enjoying themselves.
I —
> me —> myself o I looked at myself in the mirror.
he - * him —> himself o He cut himself with a knife.
she -> her -> herself o She fell off her bike, but she didn't hurt herself.
you _^ you _^>
[ yourself o Please help yourself, (one person)
7 7 <
[ yourselves o Please help yourselves, (two or more people)
we -> us ourselves o We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.
they —> them themselves o They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
Compare:
me/him/them etc myself/himself/themselves etc.
n vs
She is looking at him
I_____________________ I
different people
He is looking at himself
I_______________________ I
the same person
r --« s s jg g
O You never talk to me.
I didn't pay for them.
I'm sorry. Did I hurt you?
) Sometimes I talk to myself
i They paid for themselves.
Be careful. Don't hurt yourself.
by myself / by yourself etc = alone:
I went on holiday by myself. (= I went alone)
) 'Was she with friends?' 'No, she was by herself'
each other
Kate and Helen are good friends. They know each other well. (= Kate knows Helen / Helen
knows Kate)
Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / 1live near him)
Compare each other and -selves:
JAMES SUE
JAMES
O James and Sue looked at each other.
(= he looked at her, she looked at him)
James and Sue looked at themselves.
(= he looked at himself, she looked at
herself)
136 ( me/him/them etc. 4 Unit 59

Exercises
t f s w i Complete the sentences with myself/yourself etc.
1 He looked a t M yself jn the mirror.
2 I'm not angry with you. I'm angry w ith .................................................
3 Karen had a good time in Australia. She enjoyed.................................................
4 My friends had a good time in Australia. They enjoyed.................................................
5 I picked up a very hot plate and burnt.................................................
6 He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about.................................................
7 I want to know more about you. Tell me about................................................. (one person)
8 Goodbye! Have a good trip and take care o f................................................! (two people)
^ 2 5 1 Write sentences with by myself / by yourself etc.
1 I went on holiday alone.
2 When I saw him, he was alone.
3 Don't go out alone.
4 I went to the cinema alone.
5 My sister lives alone.
6 Many people live alone.
Write sentences with each other.
C
D
Iwenton hoJU^
When I saw him, h e........................
Don't.......................................................
I........................................................
My sister...........
Many people.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
each other or ourselves/yourselves/themselves or us/you/them
Paul and I live near each o th er......
Who are those people? Do you know them ?
You can help Tom, and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can help.....................................
There's food in the kitchen. If you and Chris are hungry, you can help.....................................
We didn't go to Emily's party. She didn't invite.................................................
When we go on holiday, we always enjoy.................................................
Helen and Jane were at school together, but they never see................................................ now.
Karen and I are very good friends. We've known for a long time.
'Did you see Sam and Laura at the party?' 'Yes, but I didn't speak to .....................................
Many people talk to ................................................when they're alone.

Unit
64 -’s (Kate’s camera / my brother's car etc.)
KATE
MY BROTHER
Kate's camera
(her camera)
my brother's car
(his car)
the manager's office
(his or her off ce)
j
We normally use -'s for people:
O I stayed at my sister's house. (not the house of my sister)
O Have you met Mr Black's wife? (not the wife of Mr Black)
O Are you going to James's party?
O Paul is a man's name. Paula is a woman's name.
You can use -'s without a noun after it:
O Sophie's hair is longer than Kate's. (= Kates hair)
O 'Whose umbrella is this?' 'It's my mother's.' (= my mother's umbrella)
O 'Where were you last night?' 'I was at Paul's.' (= Paul's house)
friend's and friends'
my friends' house = two or morefriends
(= their house)
We w rite' after
friends/students/parents etc. (plural):
my parents' car (two parents)
138
!
my friend's house = onefriend
(= his house or her house)
We w rite's after
friend/student/mother etc. (singular):
my mother's car (one mother)
my father's car (onefather)
We use o f ... for things, places etc.:
O Look at the roof of that building. (not that building's roof)
O We didn't see the beginning of the film. (not the film's beginning)
O What's the name of this village?
O Do you know the cause of the problem?
O You can sit in the back of the car.
O Madrid is the capital of Spain.
( mine/yours etc. Unit 61 whose ...?-» Unit 61 -;s (he's / Kate's etc.) Appendix 4^5

Exercises
Look at the family tree. Complete the sentences about the people in the family.
HELEN * • * = «
O k I
JAMES
BRIAN
01
0?
SARAH PAUL
DANIEL
Helen and Brian are married.
They have a son, James, and a daughter, Sarah.
Sarah is married to Paul.
Sarah and Paul have a son, Daniel.
1 Brian is....Hajan’s ................husband.
2 Sarah is Daniels mothar
3 Helen is.................... ..............wife.
4 James is Sarahs
5 James is...................................uncle.
6 Sarah is..................... ............. wife.
7 Helen is Daniels
8 Sarah is James's
9 Paul is........................ husband.
10 Paul is Daniel's
11 Daniel is................... ...............nephew.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
JANE ANDY
Whose is this?
Alices...........
Whose is this?
ALICE
And this?
RACHEL DAVE
JU
And these?
5 * 0 And this?
6 66 A
ndthese?
Are these sentences OK? Change them where necessary.
1 I stayed at the house of my sister.
2 What is the name of this village?
3 Do you like the colour of this coat?
4 Do you have the phone number of Simon?
5 The job of my brother is very interesting.
6 Write your name at the top of the page.
7 For me, the morning is the best part of the day.
8 The favourite colour of Paula is blue.
9 When is the birthday of your mother?
10 The house of my parents isn't very big.
11 The walls of this house are very thin.
12 The car stopped at the end of the street.
13 Are you Roing to the party of Silvia next week?
14 The manager of the hotel is not here at the moment
thy.sistar’s.housa
OK

65 a/an...
.. ±
Unit
He's got a camera. She's waiting for a taxi. It's a beautiful day.
a ... = one thing or person:
Rachel works in a bank. (not in bank)
Can I ask a question? (not ask question)
I don't have a job at the moment.
) There's a woman at the bus stop.
an (not a) before a/e/i/o/u:
Do you want an apple or a banana?
I'm going to buy a hat and an umbrella.
There was an interesting programme on TV last night.
also an hour (h is not pronounced: an Xour)
but a university (pronounced yuniversity)
a European country (pronounced yuropean)
another (= an + other) is one word:
Can I have another cup of coffee?
We use a/an ... when we say what a thing or a person is. For example:
The sun is a star.
O Football is a game.
C Dallas is a city in Texas.
A mouse is an animal. It's a small animal.
O Joe is a very nice person.
We use a/an ... for jobs etc.:
( J a : What's your job?
b: I'm a dentist. (not I'm dentist)
'What does Mark do?' 'He's an engineer.'
Would you like to be a teacher?
Beethoven was a composer.
Picasso was a famous painter.
Are you a student?
140 ca car / some money (countable/uncountable) Units 67-68 a and the Unit 69

Exercises
Write a or an.
1 an old book
2 window
3 horse
4 airport
5 new airport
6 organisation
. university
. hour
economic problem
What are these things? Choose from the box.
Kjyfj
UII u
flower
fruit
game
mountain
planet
river
tool
1 A duck is a bird.
2 A carrot is.................
3 Tennis is.....................
4 A hammer is...........
musical instrument
vegetable
6 Saturn is...............
7 A banana is........
8 The Amazon is.
9 A rose is...............
5 Everest is...................................................................................... 10A trumpet is.......
What are their jobs? Choose from the list and complete the sentences,
architect -
dentist- shop assistant photographer
electrician nurse taxi driver
C
D
helpyou?
1 She’s a dentist........................................................ 5
2 He's.
3 She...
4 ........... And you? I'm .
Write sentences. Choose from the two boxes. Use a/an where necessary.
I want to ask you Rebecca works in old house artist
Tom never wears Jane wants to learn party question-
I can't ride Mike lives in bookshop foreign language
My brother is This evening I'm going to hat bike
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
want to ask you a..quastion.,..
141

The plural of a noun is usually -s:
singular (= one) —> plural (= two or more)
a flower —> some flowers
a train —» two trains
one week —> a few weeks
a nice place —
» some nice places
this student —
> these students
Spelling (—
>Appendix 5):
%
i
a flower some flowers
-s / -sh / -ch / -x -> -es
also
bus —>buses dish —>dishes
church —>churches box boxes
potato —>potatoes tomato —>tomatoes
-y
but -ay / -ey / -oy
-> -ies
-ys
baby —
» babies dictionary —>dictionaries party —
>parties
day—
>days monkey —>monkeys boy —>boys
-f / -fe —> -ves shelf —>shelves knife -> knives wife —>wives
These things are plural
scissors glasses trousers jeans shorts tights pyjamas
O Do you wear glasses?
O Where are the scissors? I need them.
You can also say a pair of scissors / a pair of trousers / a pair of pyjamas etc.:
O I need a new pair of jeans, or I need some new jeans, (not a new jeans)
Some plurals do not end in -s:
this man —>these men
a woman —
>some women
a child —
>many children
one foot —>two feet
a tooth —>all my teeth
a mouse some mice
that sheep —>those sheep
a fish —
»alo t offish
also a person two people / some people / a lot of people etc.:
O She's a nice person.
but O They are nice people, (not nice persons)
People is plural (= they), so we say people are / people have etc.:
O A lot of people speak English, (not speaks)
O I like the people here. They are very friendly.
Police is plural:
O The police want to talk to anybody who saw the accident, (not The police wants)

Exercises
m Write the plural.
1 flower flowers 5 umbrella ....... 9 family
foot
2 boat 6 address 10
3 woman 7 knife 11 holiday
potato
4 city ..... 8 sandwich ........................................ 12
© © LUCY
1 There are a lot o f sheep in the field.
2 Gary is cleaning his.................................
3 There are three................................ at the bus stop.
4 Lucy has tw o .................................
5 There are a lot o f in the river.
6 Th e................................ are falling from the tree.
j?P Are these sentences OK? Change the sentences where necessary.
OK
1 I'm going to buy some flowers.
2 I need ajiewjeans.
3 It's a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree. ....................
4 There was a woman in the car with two mens..............................
5 Sheep eat grass...................................................................................................
6 David is married and has three childs..................................................
7 Most of my friend are student..................................................................
8 He put on his pyjama and went to bed..............................................
9 We went fishing, but we didn't catch many fish...........................
10 Do you know many persons in this town? .....................
11 I like your trouser. Where did you get it? .....................
12 The town centre is usually full of tourist. .....................
13 I don't like mice. I'm afraid of them. .....................
14 This scissor isn't very sharp. .....................
Which is right? Complete the sentences.
1 It's a nice place. Many people QQ there on holiday.
2 Some people always late.
3 The new city hall is not a beautiful building. Most
people...............................like it.
4 A lot of people................................TV every day.
5 Three people...............................injured in the accident.
6 How many people...............................in that house?
7 ................................ the police know the cause of the explosion?
8 The police...............................looking for the stolen car.
9 I need my glasses, but I can't fin d.................................
10 I'm going to buy...............................new jeans today.
..l.naed a.newpajir ofjeans. OR...
................
go or goes?
is or are?
don't or doesn't?
watch or watches?
was or were?
live or lives?
Do or Does?
is or are?
it or them?
a or some?

Unit a bottle / some water
67 (countable/uncountable 1)
A noun can be countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns
For example: (a) car (a) man (a) bottle (a) house (a) key (an) idea (an) accident
You can use one/two/three (etc.) + countable nouns (you can count them):
A A A
MMM
one bottle two bottles three men
lli
tf 'i ‘ -
i ■
■ <
*
four houses
Countable nouns can be singular (= one) or plural (= two or more):
singular a car the car
p/ura/ cars two cars
my car etc.
the cars some cars many cars etc
O I've got a car.
O New cars are very expensive.
O There aren't many cars in the car park.
You can't use the singular (car/bottle/key etc.) alone. You need a/an:
O We can't get into the house without a key. (not without key)
Uncountable nouns
For example: water
water
air rice salt plastic money music tennis
salt
'n
J $ 9
music
one-water- two musics
water salt m
<
You can't say one/two/three (etc.) + these things:
Uncountable nouns have only one form:
money the money my money some money much money etc.
O I've got some money.
O There isn't much money in the box.
O 'Money isn't everything.
You can't use a/an + uncountable nouns: X money X music X water
But you can say a piece o f... / a bottle o f... etc. + uncountable noun:
a bottle of water a carton of milk a bar of chocolate
a piece of cheese a bottle of perfume a piece of music
a bowl of rice a cup of coffee a game of tennis
144 f a/an 4 Unit 65 countable/uncountable 2 4 Unit 68

What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write a/an if necessary.
The names of these things are:
bucket envelope money sand toothbrush wallet
eSS Jug spoon toothpaste water
Exercises
It's salt...
It's.
m
It's a spoon..
It's.
©
L
I//
It's
©
It's.
0
It's.
0
O
It's.
It’s.
It's.
It's.
■
J
ran Some of these sentences are OK, but some need a/an. Write a/an where necessary.
9 Jamaica is island................
10 I don't need key. ............
Everybody needs food.
I've got good idea............
1 J don't have watch a watch...............
2 Do you like cheese? QE...........................
3 I never wear hat....................................... 11
4 Are you looking for job? .................................. 12
5 Kate doesn't eat meat....................................... 13 Can you drive car? ....................................
6 Kate eats apple every day. ................................... 14 Do you want cup of coffee? ..............
7 I'm going to party tonight........................................ 15 I don't like coffee without milk...........
8 Music is wonderful thing........................................ 16 Don't go out without umbrella..........
What are these things? Write a ... o f... for each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
© © ©
bar cup loaf bread milk tea
bowl glass piece + chocolate paper water
Ccii Iv/ii jar piece honey soup wood
a carton of milk 4 7
.. 5 .. 8
3 6 9
145

Unit a cake / some cake / some cakes
68 a(countable/uncountable 2)
a/an and some
a/an + singular countable nouns (car/apple/shoe etc):
O I need a new car.
O Would you like an apple?
some + plural countable nouns (cars/apples/shoes etc):
O I need some new shoes.
O Would you like some apples?
some + uncountable nouns (water/money/music etc):
O I need some water.
O Would you like some cheese?
(or Would you like a piece of cheese?)
an apple
some apples
some cheese or
a piece of cheese
Compare a and some:
O Nicola bought a hat, some shoes and some perfume.
O I read a newspaper, made some phone calls, and listened to some music.
Many nouns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable. For example:
a cake
a chicken
0
some cake or a piece of cake
some chickens some chicken or a piece of chicken
Compare a paper (= a newspaper) and some paper:
I want something to read. I'm going to buy a paper.
but I want to make a shopping list. I need some paper / a piece of paper, (not a paper)
Be careful with:
advice bread furniture hair information news weather work
These nouns are usually uncountable. So you can't say a/an ...
plural ( advices, furnitures etc.).
O Can I talk to you? I need some advice, (not an advice)
I'm going to buy some bread, (not a bread)
O They've got some nice furniture in their house, (not furnitures)
O Silvia has very long hair, (not hairs)
Where can I get some information about hotels here? (not informations)
Listen! I've just had some good news, (not a good news)
It's nice weather today, (not a nice weather)
'Do you like your job?' 'Yes, but it's hard work.' (not a hard work)
We say a job (but not a work):
) I've got a new job. (not a new work)
( countable/uncountable 1 4Unit 67 some and any Unit 76
i, and they can't be

Exercises
What can you see in these pictures? Use a or some.
_
Write sentences with Would you like a ... ? or Would you like some ... ?
( m I © a
1Wpu.id.youJike some ^ .............................. 4 ?
2 Would you like................................................................... ? 5 ?
3 W ould ? 6 ?
Write a/an or some.
1 Iread a book and listened to pome.....music.
2 Ineed money. I want to buy................food.
3 We m et interesting people at the party.
4 I'm going to open window to get.............. fresh air.
5 Rachel didn't eat much for lunch - only............... apple and bread.
6 We live in big house. There's nice garden w ith beautiful trees.
7 I'm going to make a table. First I need wood.
8 Listen to me carefully. I'm going to give yo u ...............advice.
9 Iwant to make a list of things to do. I need paper and pen.
Which is right?
1 I'm going to buy some new shoe/shoes, (shoes is right)
2 Mark has brown eve/eves.
3 Paula has short black hair/hairs.
4 The tour guide gave us some information/informations about the city.
5 We're going to buy some new chair/chairs.
6 We're going to buy some new furniture/furnitures.
7 It's hard to find a work/job at the moment.
8 We had wonderful weather / a wonderful weather when we were on holiday.

Unit
69 a/an and the
a/an the
Can you open
a window?
There are three windows here,
a window - window 1 or 2 or 3
,
Can you op
the window?
O I've got a car.
(there are many cars and I've got one)
O Can I ask a question? (there are many
questions - can I ask one?)
O Is there a hotel near here? (there are
many hotels - is there one near here?)
O Paris is an interesting city, (there are
many interesting cities and Paris is one)
O Lisa is a student.
(there are many students and Lisa
is one)
There is only one window here -
the window.
O I'm going to clean the car tomorrow.
(= my car)
Can you repeat the question, please?
(= the question that you asked)
J We enjoyed our holiday. The hotel
was very nice. (= our hotei)
Paris is the capital of France.
(there is only one capital of France)
Lisa is the youngest student in her
class, (there is only one youngest
student in her class)
Compare a and the:
O I bought a jacket and a shirt . The jacket was cheap, but the shirt was expensive.
(= the jacket and the shirt that I bought)
We say the ... when it is clear which thing or person we mean. For example:
the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light etc. (of a room)
the roof / the garden / the kitchen / the bathroom etc. (of a house)
the centre / the station / the airport / the town hall etc. (of a town)
'Where's Tom? 'In the kitchen.'
(= the kitchen of this house or flat)
Turn off the light and close the door.
(- the light and the door of the room)
Do you live far from the centre?
the centre of your town)
I'd like to speak to the manager, please.
(= the manager of this shop etc.)
148 ( a/an Unit 65 the Units 70-73

Exercises
Write a/an or the.
1 We enjoyed our trip hotel was very nice.
2 'Can I ask a question?' 'Sure. What do you want to know?'
3 You look very tired.- You need holiday.
4 'Where's Tom?' 'He's in ............... garden.'
5 Eve is interesting person. You should meet her.
6 a : Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to city centre?
b: Yes, go straight on and then take next turning left.
7 a : Shall we go out fo r meal this evening?
b: Yes, that's.................good idea.
8 It's nice morning. Let's go fo r walk.
9 Amanda is..................student. When she finishes her studies, she wants to be journalist. She
lives with two friends in apartment near college where she is studying....................
apartment is small, but she likes it.
10 Peter and Mary have two children, boy and girl......................boy is seven years old, and
girl is three. Peter works in factory. Mary doesn't have job at the moment.
These sentences are not correct. Put in a/an or the where necessary.
1 Don't forget to tujm^offlight when you go out..........................Turn off the.li^ht.
2 Enjoy your trip, and don't forget to send me postcard...................................................
3 What is name of this village?...........................................................................................................
4 Canada is very big country...............................................................................................................
5 What is largest city in Canada?......................................................................................................
6 I like this room, but I don't like colour of carpet.................................................................
7 'Are you OK?' 'No, I've got headache.'...................................................................................
8 We live in old house near station.................................................................................................
9 What is name of director of film we saw last night? .............................................
Complete the sentences. Use a or the + these words:
airport cup dictionary door floor picture

the...
Unit
We use the when it is clear which thing or person we mean:
O What is the name of this street? (there is only one name)
O Who is the best player in your team? (there is only one best player)
O Can you tell me the time, please? (= the time now)
O My office is on the first floor. (= the first floor of the building)
Don't forget the:
O Do you live near the city centre? (not near city centre)
O Excuse me, where is the nearest bank? (not where is nearest...)
the sam e...
O We live in the same street. (not in same street)
O Are these two books different?' 'No, they're the same.' (not they're same)
We say:
the sun / the moon / the world / the sky / the sea / the country
O The sky is blue and the sun is shining.
O Do you live in a town or in the country?
the police / the fire brigade / the army (of a city, country etc)
O My brother is a soldier. He's in the army.
O What do you think of the police? Do they do a good job?
the top / the end / the middle / the left etc.
O Write your name at the top of the page.
O My house is at the end of the street.
O The table is in the middle of the room.
O Do you drive on the right or on the left in your country?
(play) the piano / the guitar / the trumpet etc. (musical instruments)
O Paula is learning to play the piano.
the left the right
the bottom
the radio
O I listen to the radio a lot.
%
the internet
O What do you use the internet for?
We do not use the with:
television / TV
O I watch TV a lot.
O What's on television tonight?
but Can you turn off the TV? (= the TV set)
breakfast / lunch / dinner
O What did you have for breakfast? (not the breakfast)
O Dinner is ready!
next / last + week/month/year/summer/Monday etc.
O I'm not working next week, (not the next week)
O Did you have a holiday last summer? (not the last summer)
150 ( a/an and the ■
» Unit 69 the Units 71-73 the oldest / the most expensive etc. 4Unit 90

Exercises
^ Put in the where necessary. Write 'OK' if the sentence is already correct.
1 What is name of this street?......................................................................The. name........................
2 What's on TV tonight? O K........................................
3 Our apartment is on second floor.........................................................................................................
4 Would you like to go to moon?.............................................................................................................
5 Which is best hotel in this town?...................................................... ....................................................
6 What time is lunch?.......................................................................................................................................
7 How far is it to city centre?
8 We're going away at end of May............................................................................................................
9 What are you doing next weekend?....................................................................................................
10 I didn't like her first time I met her........................................................................................................
11 I'm going out after dinner...........................................................................................................................
12 It's easy to get information from internet.........................................................................................
13 My sister got married last month...................................................... ....................................................
14 My dictionary is on top shelf on right............................................ ....................................................
15 We live in country about ten miles from nearest town...........................................................
Complete the sentences. Use the same + these words:
age colour problem street time
1 I live in North Street and you live in North Street. We live in Tha.sam e.straet.
2 I arrived at 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30. We arrived a t...........................................................
3 James is 25 and Sue is 25. James and Sue are.................................................................................
4 My shirt is dark blue and so is my jacket. My shirt and jacket are...................................
5 I have no money and you have no money. We have..............................................................
1 The sun is shining. 4 He's watching......................................
2 She's playing 5They'reswimming in ....
3 They're having 6Tom'snameisa t......................... of the list.
Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary,
capital d inner police lunch middle name sky TV
1 We had djnner at a restaurant last night.
2 We stayed at a very nice hotel, but I don't remember.................................................................
3 ................................................................is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.
4 Sometimes there are some good films o n ................................................................late at night.
5 Somebody was trying to break into the shop, so I called................................................................
6 Tokyo is.............................................................. of Japan.
7 'What did you have fo r................................................................?' 'A salad.'
8 I woke up in ................................................................of the night.
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.
I® ®
ILisa Black
IPaul Roberts
C krls Stone
Rebecca W atson mlm
S a ra h Kelly m
Tom H o w a r d s

Unit
71 go to work go home go to the cinema
She's at work. They're going to school.
We say:
(go) to work (be) at work start work finish work
O Bye! I'm going to work now. (not to the work)
O I finish work at 5 o'clock every day.
(go) to school, (be) at school, start school, leave school etc.
O What did you learn at school today? (not at the school)
O Some children don't like school.
(go) to university/college, (be) at university/college
Helen wants to go to university when she leaves school.
O What did you study at college?
(go) to hospital, (be) in hospital
O Jack had an accident. He had to go to hospital.
(go) to prison, (be) in prison
O Why is he in prison? What did he do?
(go) to church, (be) in/at church
O David usually goes to church on Sundays.
(go) to bed, (be) in bed
O I'm tired. I'm going to bed. (not to the bed)
O 'Where's Alice?' 'She's in bed.'
(go) home, (be) at home etc.
I'm tired. I'm going home. (not to home)
O Are you going out tonight, or are you staying at home?
He's in bed.
We say:
(go to) the cinema / the theatre / the bank / the post office / the station /
the airport / the city centre
O I never go to the theatre, but I go to the cinema a lot.
O 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, to the post office.'
O The number 5 bus goes to the airport; the number 8 goes to
the city centre.
(go to) the doctor, the dentist
O You're not well. Why don't you go to the doctor?
O I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.
152 ( the 4 Units 69-70, 72-73 in/at Units 106-107 to/in/at Unit 108 (at) home Unit 108 )

Exercises
vm Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1 He's in bad 3 She'sin 5 They're at.
2 They're a t.......................................... 4 She'sa t 6 He's in .......
£ £ 2 3 ) Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
bank bed church- home post office school station
1 I need to change some money.I have to go to f he bank........
2 David usually goes to church.....on Sundays.
3 In Britain, children go to .............................................................from the age of five.
4 There were a lot of people a t.............................................................. waiting for the train.
5 We went to their house, but they weren't a t................................................................
6 I'm going to ...............................................................now. Goodnight!
7 I'm going to ...............................................................to get some stamps.
Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1 If you want to catch a plane, yo u Q Q tothe airport,........................................................
2 If you want to see a film, you go to .................................................................................................
3 If you are tired and you want to sleep, yo u................................................................................
4 If you rob a bank and the police catch you, yo u.....................................................................
5 If you have a problem with your teeth, yo u...............................................................................
6 If you want to study after you leave school, yo u .....................................................................
7 If you are badly injured in an accident, yo u ................................................................................
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 We went tocinema last night. To the cinema,,
2 I finish work at 5 o'clock every day. QK........................
3 Lisa wasn't feeling well yesterday, so she went to doctor. .......................................
4 I wasn't feeling well this morning, so I stayed in bed. .......................................
5 Why is Angela always late for work?..........................................................................................
6 'Where are your children?' 'They're at school.'........................ .......................................
7 We have no money in bank...........................................................................................................
8 When I was younger, I went to church every Sunday. .......................................
9 What time do you usually get home from work?.............................................................
10 Do you live far from city centre? .......................................
11 'Where shall we meet?' 'At station.' .......................................
12 James is ill. He's in hospital. .......................................
13 Kate takes her children to school every day.
14 Would you like to go to university? .......................................
15 Would you like to go to theatre this evening? .......................................

We do not use the for games and sports:
O My favourite sports are football and skiing. (not the football... the skiing)
We do not use the for languages or school subjects (history/geography/physics/biology etc.):
O Do you think English is difficult? (not the English)
O Tom's brother is studying physics and chemistry.
flowers or the flowers?
Compare:
O Flowers are beautiful.
(= flowers in general)
O I don't like cold weather.
(= cold weather in general)
O We don't eat fish very often.
(= fish in general)
O Are you interested in
history?
(= history in general)
I love this garden.
The flowers are beautiful.
(= the flowers in this
garden)
The weather isn't very
good today.
(= the weather today)
We had a great meal last
night. The fish was
excellent.
(= the fish we ate last
night)
Do you know much
about the history of
your country?
The flowers
are beautiful.
V
-M
154 ( the -» Units 69-71, 73
D

Exercises
What do you think about these things?
big cities computer games exams jazz parties
chocolate dogs housework museums tennis
Choose seven of these things and write sentences with:
I like... I don't like ... I love ... I hate ... or ... is/are all right
1 I hate axam s, o r J.Jika exam s. o r Exam s are all.nght.{e tc }................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................
3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ............................................................................................................................................................................
7 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
g g j Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with:
I'm (very) interested in ... I know a lot ab out... I don't know much ab out...
I'm not interested in ... I know a little about... I don't know anything about.
1 (history) to.vary.jnt^rasl^djn.histoj^.................................................................................................
2 (politics) I .......................................................................................................................................................................
3 (sport).............................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (art) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
5 (astronomy) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
6 (economics) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
Which is right?
1 My favourite sport is football / the foot-
balk (football isright)
2 I like this hotel. Rooms--/ The rooms are very nice. (Therooms is right)
3 Everybody needs friends / the friends.
4 Jane doesn't go to parties / the parties very often.
5 I went shopping this morning. Shops / The shops were very busy.
6 'Where's milk / the milk?' 'It's in the fridge.'
7 I don't like milk / the milk. I never drink it.
8 'Do you do any sports?' 'Yes, I play basketball / the basketball.'
9 An architect is a person who designs buildings / the buildings.
10 We went for a swim in the river. Water / The water was very cold.
11 I don't like swimming in cold water / the cold water.
12 Excuse me, can you pass salt / the salt, please?
13 I like this town. I like people / the people here.
14 Vegetables / The vegetables are good for you.
15 Houses / The houses in this street are all the same.
16 I can't sing this song. I don't know words / the words.
17 I enjoy taking pictures / the pictures. It's my hobby.
18 Do you want to see pictures / the pictures that I took when I was on holiday?
19 English / The English is used a lot in international business / the international business.
20 Money / TTie money doesn't always bring happiness / the happiness.

Unit
73 th e ... (names of places)
Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns etc.)
In general we do not use the with names of places:
O France is a very large country. (not the France)
O Cairo is the capital of Egypt.
O Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean.
O Peru is in South America.
But we use the in names with 'republic'/'states'/'kingdom':
the Czech Republic
the United States of America (the USA)
the United Kingdom (the UK)
the -s (plural names)
We use the with plural names of countries/islands/mountains:
the Netherlands the Canary Islands
the Philippines the Alps
©
Seas, rivers etc.
We use the with names of oceans/seas/rivers/canals:
the Atlantic (Ocean) the Mediterranean (Sea)
the (River) Nile the Suez Canal
the Amazon
the Black Sea
Places in towns (streets, buildings etc.)
In general we do not use the with names of streets, squares etc.:
O Kevin lives in Newton Street.
O Where is Highfield Road, please?
O Times Square is in New York.
We do not use the with names of airports, stations and many other important buildings:
Kennedy Airport Westminster Abbey London Zoo
Victoria Station Edinburgh Castle
also
Cambridge University, Harvard University etc.
But we use the with names of most hotels, museums, theatres and cinemas:
the Regent Hotel the National Theatre
the Science Museum the Odeon (cinema)
the ...o f...
We use the + names with ... o f...:
the Museum of Modern Art
the Great Wall of China
the University of California
the Tower of London
We say the north / the south / the east / the west (o f...):
O I've been to the north of Italy, but not to the south.
the
156 ( the ■ Units 69-72

Exercises
1 Cairo ...........is the capital of Egypt. Alps
2 The A tlantic .............is between Africa and America. Amazon
3 ................................................ .............is a country in northern Europe. Andes
4 ................................................ .............is a river in South America. Asia
5 ................................................ .............is the largest continent in the world. Atlantic
6 ................................................ ...........is the largest ocean. Bahamas
7 ........................................ ...........is a river in Europe. Bangkok
8 ........................................ ...........is a country in East Africa. Cairo
9 ................................................ ...........is between Canada and Mexico. Jamaica
10 ........................................ ...........are mountains in South America. Kenya
11 ........................................ .............is the capital of Thailand. Pacific
12 ................................................ .............are mountains in central Europe. Red Sea
13 ................................................ .............is between Saudi Arabia and Africa. Rhine
14 ................................................ .............is an island in the Caribbean. Sweden
15 ............................................................are a group of islands near Florida. United States
I Write the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK.
1 Kevin lives in Newton Street. OK...............................................
2 We went to see a play atJNJation^ a t tha NationalTheatre
3 Have you ever been to China?.....................................................................................................
4 Have you ever been to Philippines? ..............................................................
5 Have you ever been to south of France?.................. .............................................................
6 Can you tell me where Regal Cinema is? .............................................................
7 Can you tell me where Merrion Street is? .............................................................
8 Can you tell me where Museum of Art is? .............................................................
9 Europe is bigger than Australia. .............................................................
10 Belgium is smaller than Netherlands. .............................................................
I I Which river is longer - Mississippi or Nile? .............................................................
12 Did you go to National Gallery when you .............................................................
were in London?
13 We stayed at Park Hotel in Hudson Road. .............................................................
14 How far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria .............................................................
Station (in London)?
15 Rocky Mountains are in North America. .............................................................
16 Texas is famous for oil and cowboys. ..............................................................
17 I hope to go to United States next year. .............................................................
18 Mary comes from west of Ireland. .............................................................
19 Alan is a student at Manchester University. .............................................................
20 Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and ..............................................................
Pacific Ocean.
Answer these geography questions. Choose from the box. Use The if necessary.

Unit
74 ; this/that/these/those
this (singular) these (plural) that (singular)
this picture
(= this picture here)
these flowers
(= these flowers here)
those (plural)
that
those
that picture
(= that picture there)
those people
(= those people there)
We use this/that/these/those with a noun (this picture / those girls etc) or without a noun:
O This hotel is expensive, but it's very nice.
O 'Who's that girl?' 'I don't know.'
O Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
O Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
with a noun
O
o
o
o
This is a nice hotel, but it's very expensive.
'Excuse me, is this your bag?' 'Oh yes, thank you.'
Who's that? (= Who is that person?)
Which shoes do you prefer - these or those?
without a noun
B fc that = something that has happened:
O Tm sorry I forgot to phone you.' 'That's all right.'
O That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
that = what somebody has just said:
O 'You're a teacher, aren't you?' 'Yes, that's right.'
O 'Martin has a new job.' 'Really? I didn't know that.'
G Tm going on holiday next week.' 'Oh, that's nice.'
We use this is ... and is th a t... ? on the phone:
O Hi Sarah, this is David.
(this = the speaker)
O Is that Sarah?
(that = the other person)
We use this is ... to introduce people:
O a: Ben, this is Chris.
b: Hello, Chris - nice to meet you.
c: Hi.
DAVID
AMANDA BEN CHRIS
158 f this one / that one Unit 75~

Complete the sentences. Use this/that/these/those + these words:
birds house plates postcards seat shoes
Exercises
Complete the sentences with this is or that's or that.
1 a: I'm sorry I'm late.
b: .That’s all right.
2 a: I can't come to the party tomorrow.
b
: O h ,........................................a pity. Why not?
3 on the phone
sue: Hello, Jane.............................................Sue.
jane: Oh, hi Sue. How are you?
4 a: You're lazy.
b: not true!
5 a: Beth plays the piano very well.
b: Does she? I didn't know.........................................
6 Mark meets Paul's sister, Helen.
paul: M ark,..........................................my sister, Helen.
mark: Hi, Helen.
7 a: I'm sorry I was angry yesterday.
b: .......................................OK. Forget it!
8 a: You're a friend of Tom's, aren't you?
b
: Yes,.......................................right.

one (= a ...)
These chocolates are good
Would you like one Would you like one ?
I
= Would you like a chocolate ?
one = a/an ... (a chocolate / an apple etc.)
O I need a pen. Do you have one? (one = a pen)
O a: Is there a bank near here?
b
: Yes, there's one at the end of this street, (one = a bank)
ones (plural)
one and ones
one (singular)
Which one? = Which hat?
one = hat/car/girl etc.
this one / that one
O Which car is yours? This one or that
one? (= this car or that car)
|
the o n e ...
O a: Which hotel did you stay at?
b
: The one opposite the station.
i
I found this key. Is it the one you lost?
the ... one
O I don't like the black coat, but I like the
brown one.
Don't buy that camera. Buy the other
one.
a/an ... one
This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean
one?
That biscuit was nice. I'm going to
have another one.
ff 1 c
J l '
Which ones ] I____
^do you want? J (The white ones.J
Which ones? = Which flowers?
ones = flowers/cars/girls etc.
these/those or these ones / those ones
) Which flowers do you want? These
or those? or
These ones or those ones?
the ones...
a: Which books are yours?
b
: The ones on the table.
) I found these keys. Are they the ones
you lost?
th e ... ones
I don't like the red shoes, but I like the
green ones.
Don't buy those apples. Buy the
other ones.
som e... ones
These cups are dirty. Can we have
some clean ones?
) My shoes are very old. I'm going to
buy some new ones.
s ;---------
Which one
^do you want?
( which ... ? ^ Unit 47 another Unit 65 this/that Unit 74

Exercises
{ g g A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B's answers. Use one
(not a/an ...) in the answers.
B doesn't need a car
there's a chemist in Mill Road
B doesn't have a pen
B has just had a cup of coffee
B is going to get a bike
B doesn't have an umbrella
1 a: Can you lend me a pen? b
:
2 a: Would you like to have a car? b
:
3 a: Do you have a bike? b
:
4 a: Can you lend me an umbrella? b
:
5 a: Would you like a cup of coffee? b
:
6 a: Is there a chemist near here? b
:
I'm sorry, ! don’t haya.ona..
No, I don't.......................................
No, but.............................................
I'm sorry, but.................................
No, thank you................................
Yes,.......................................................
G3
1Complete the sentences. Use a/an ... one. Use the words in the list,
better big clean different new old
1 This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean one...
I'm going to sell my car and buy.
That's not a very good photo, but this is.......................................
I want today's newspaper. This is.......................................................
This box is too small. I need.................................................................
Why do we always go to the same restaurant? Let's go to .
A is talking to B. Use the information to complete the conversations. Use one/ones.
1 A stayed at a hotel. It was opposite the
station.
a: We stayed at a hotel.
b - Which one ?
6 A is looking at a picture. It's on the wall.
a: That's an interesting picture.
b
: .................................................................?
A :.................................................................
a* Tha one opposite the station.
2 A sees some shoes in a shop window. They're
green.
a: Ilike those shoes.
b: W hich...........................................................................?
a: T h e .................................................................................
7 A sees a girl in a group of people. She's tall
with long hair.
a : Do you know that girl?
b : ..............................................................................................................?
A :.................................................................
3 A is looking at a house. It has a red door.
a: That's a nice house.
b: ...................................................................?
A :.......................................w ith.........................................
8 A is looking at someflowers in the garden.
They're yellow.
a : Those flowers are beautiful.
b: .................................................................?
a : .................................................................
4 A is looking at some CDs. They're on the top
shelf.
a: Are those your CDs?
b: ................................................................ . ?
A'
9 A is looking at a man in a restaurant. He
has a moustache and glasses.
a: Who's that man?
b: .................................................................?
A :.................................................................
5 A is looking at a jacket in a shop. It's black.
a: Do you like that jacket?
b
: ...................................................................?
A'
10 A took some photos at the party last week.
a: Did I show you my photos?
b: .................................................................?
A: ................................................................

Use some in positive sentences:
O I'm going to buy some clothes.
O There's some milk in the fridge.
O We made some mistakes.
Use any in negative sentences:
O I'm not going to buy any clothes.
O There isn't any milk in the fridge.
We didn't make any mistakes.
any and some in questions
In most questions (but not all) we use any (not some):
O Is there any milk in the fridge?
Does he have any friends?
Do you need any help?
We normally use some (not any) when we offer things
(Would you lik e...?):
a: Would you like some coffee?
b
: Yes, please.
or when we askfo r things (Can I have ... ? etc.):
a: Can I have some soup, please?
b
: Yes. Help yourself.
O a: Can you lend me some money?
b
: Sure. How much do you need?
some and any without a noun
I didn't take any pictures, but Jessica took some. (= some pictures)
[ Do you have |
I any money? J
m H r
o
o
o
o
You can have some coffee, but I don't want any. (= any coffee)
I've just made some coffee. Would you like some? (= some coffee)
'Where's your luggage?' 'I don't have any.' (= any luggage)
'Are there any biscuits?' 'Yes, there are some in the kitchen.' (= some biscuits)
something / somebody (or someone)
She said something.
I saw somebody (or someone).
Would you like something to eat?
Somebody's at the door.
anything / anybody (or anyone)
She didn't say anything.
O I didn't see anybody (or anyone).
Are you doing anything tonight?
Where's Sue? Has anybody seen her?
( a and some 4 Unit 68 somebody/anything etc. 4 Unit 79

Write some or any.
1 I bought.some cheese, but I didn't buy any. bread.
2 In the middle of the room there was a table and.................chairs.
3 There aren't.................shops in this part of town.
4 Gary and Alice don't have children.
5 Do you have brothers or sisters?
6 There are beautiful flowers in the garden.
7 Do you know ....................good hotels in London?
8 'Would you like tea?' 'Yes, please.'
9 When we were on holiday, we visited interesting places.
10 Don't buy rice. We don't need.................
11 I went out to buy bananas, but they didn't have in the shop.
12 I'm thirsty. Can I have water, please?
Complete the sentences. Use some or any + the words in the box.
air cheese help m ilk questions
batteries friends languages pictures sham poo
1 I want to wash my hair. Is there anysham ppp ?
2 The police want to talk to you. They want to ask you..............................................................................................
3 I had my camera, but I didn't take................................................................................................
4 Do you speak....................................... foreign.........................................................?
5 Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant w ith ...............................................................................................of mine.
6 Can I have............................................................................................... in my coffee, please?
7 The radio isn't working. There aren't............................................................................................... in it.
8 It's hot in this office. I'm going out for.......................................fresh..........................................................
9 a : Would you like............................................................................................... ?
b: No, thank you. I've had enough to eat.
/Tu I can do this job alone. I don't need................................................................................................
€31Complete the sentences. Use some or any.
1 Kate didn't take any pictures, but....%Qokegme (I/take)
2 'Where's your luggage?' ' Ldon’t hava any ; (l/not/have)
3 'Do you need any money?' 'No, thank you...................................................................................
4 'Can you lend me some money?' 'I'm sorry, but........................................................................
5 The tomatoes in the shop didn't look very good, so ..................................................................
6 There were some nice oranges in the shop, so ................................................................................
7 'How much coffee did you drink yesterday?' '.............................................................................
j g j Write something/somebody or anything/anybody.
1 A woman stopped me and said...something ( but I didn't understand.
2 'What's wrong?’ 'There's...............................................in my eye.'
3 Do you know...............................................about politics?
4 I went to the shop, but I didn't buy.................................................
5 ................................................has broken the window. I don’t know who.
6 There isn't................................................ in the bag. It's empty.
7 I'm looking for my keys. Has................................................seen them?
8 Would you like................................................to drink?
9 I didn't eat because I wasn’t hungry.
10 This is a secret. Please don't tell.................................................
Exercises
(I/have)
(l/not/have)
(l/not/buy)
(I/buy)
(l/not/drink)
163

Unit
77 Anot + any no none
/
The car park is empty.
There aren't any cars
There are no cars
in the car park.
How many cars are there in the car park?
None.
not (-n't) + any
O There aren't any cars in the car park.
O Tracey and Jack don't have any children,
j You can have some coffee, but I don't want any.
no + noun (no cars / no garden etc.)
no ... = not any or not a
J There are no cars in the car park. (= there aren't any cars)
( ) We have no coffee. (= we don't have any coffee)
( ) It's a nice house, but there's no garden. (= there isn't a garden)
We use no ... especially after have and there is/are.
negative verb + any = positive verb + no
They don't have any children, or They have no children.
(not They don't have no children)
There isn't any sugar in your coffee, or There's no sugar in your coffee.
no and none
Use no + noun (no money / no children etc.):
We have no money.
) Everything was OK. There were no problems.
Use none alone (without a noun):
'How much money do you have?' 'None.' (= no money)
'Were there any problems?' 'No, none.' (= no problems)
none and no-one
none = 0 (zero)
no-one = nobody
None is an answer for How much? / How many? (things or people):
a: How much money do you have?
B
: None. (= no money)
O a: How many people did you meet?
b
: None. (= no people)
No-one is an answer for Who?:
a: Who did you meet?
b
: No-one. (or Nobody.)
164 ( negatives -» Unit 43 some and any 4 Unit 76 anybody/nobody/nothing etc. Units 78-79 )

Write these sentences again with no.
1 We don't have any money. We have no money
2 There aren't any shops near here. There are.........................
3 Carla doesn't have any free time.......................................................
4 There isn't a light in this room............................................................
Write these sentences again with any.
5 We have no money. WeJon;t.hayeany.mQ.ney;..............................................................................
6 There's no milk in the fridge. ...............................................................................................................................................
7 There are no buses today. ...............................................................................................................................................
8 Tom has no brothers or sisters..........................................................................................................................................................
Write no or any.
1 There's no sugar in your coffee.
2 My brother is married, but he doesn't have................children.
3 Sue doesn't speak foreign languages.
4 I'm afraid there's coffee. Would you like some tea?
5 'Look at those birds!' 'Birds? Where? I can't see birds.'
6 'Do you know where Jessica is?' 'No, I have................idea.'
Write no, any or none.
7 There aren't pictures on the wall.
8 The weather was cold, but there w as.................wind.
9 I wanted to buy some oranges, but they didn't have in the shop.
10 Everything was correct. There were mistakes.
11 'How much luggage do you have?' '............... '
12 'How much luggage do you have?' 'I don't have................'
Complete the sentences. Use any or no+ the words in the box.
difference friends furniture heating idea
money problems questions queue
1 Everythingwas OK. There were no.problems.......
2 Jack and Emily would like to go on holiday,but they have.................................................................................
3 I'm not going to answer................................................................................
4 He's always alone. He has................................................................................
5 There is............................................................................. between these two machines. They're exactly the same.
6 There wasn't................................................................................in the room. It was completely empty.
7 'Do you know how the accident happened?' 'No, I have.................................................................................'
8 The house is cold because there isn't................................................................................
9 We didn't have to wait to get our train tickets. There w as................................................................................
Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary.
1 How many letters did you write yesterday? Two. or A lot. or Nona......
2 How many sisters do you have?........................................................................................................................................................
3 How much coffee did you drink yesterday? ........................................................................................................................
4 How many photos have you taken today? ........................................................................................................................
5 How many legs does a snake have?........................ ........................................................................................................................
Exercises
165

not + anybody/anyone/anything
8 nobody/no-one/nothing
not + anybody/anyone
nobody/no-one
(for people)
O Thereisn’t J !•in the room.
I anyone
anybody
anyone
O T h e r e is jnobody l i n t h e
[ no-one J
O a: Who is in the room?
b
: Nobody / No-one.
room.
not + anything
nothing
(for things)
O There isn't anything in the bag.
O There is nothing in the bag.
O a: What's in the bag?
b
: Nothing.
-body and -one are the same:
anybody = anyone nobody = no-one
not + anybody/anyone not + anything
O I don't know anybody (or anyone) O I can't remember anything.
here.
nobody = not + anybody
nothing = not + anything
no-one = not + anyone
O I'm lonely. I have nobody to talk to. O She said nothing
(= I don't have anybody) (= She didn't say anything.)
O The house is empty. There is no-one in O There's nothing to eat.
it. (= There isn't anyone in it.) (= There isn't anything to eat.)
You can use nobody/no-one/nothing at the beginning of a sentence or alone (to answer a question):
o The house is empty. Nobody lives O Nothing happened.
there.
o 'Who did you speak to?' 'No-one.' o ‘What did you say?' 'Nothing'
Remember: negative verb + anybody/anyone/anything
positive verb + nobody/no-one/nothing
1
6
6
O He doesn't know anything. (not He doesn't know nothing)
Don't tell anybody, (not Don't tell nobody)
There is nothing to do in this town, (not There isn't nothing)
( some and any 4Unit 76 any and no 4Unit 77 somebody/anything/nowhere etc. 4Unit 79 )

Exercises
* 7 * 1 Write these sentences again with nobody/no-one or nothing.
1 There isn't anything in the bag ...........
2 There isn't anybody in the office. There's.............................................................
3 I don't have anything to do. I ........................................ |.....
4 There isn't anything on TV. .............................................................................
5 There wasn't anyone at home..........................................................................................
6 We didn't find anything. .............................................................................
Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything.
1 There's nothing in the bag. Jh e rajsn ’t
2 There was nobody on the bus. There wasn't...............................................
3 I have nothing to read. .............................................................................
4 I have no-one to help me. *................... ............................
5 She heard nothing. ............................................,.................................
6 We have nothing for dinner. .............................................................................
* 7*1 Answer these questions with nobody/no-one or nothing.
1a What did you say? Nothing....;.- 5a who knows the answer? ..................................
2a Who saw you? Nobody, 6a What did you buy? :......................
3a What do you want? 7a What happened? ..............................................
4a Who did you meet? 8a Who was late? ..................... ..............................
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use nobody/no-one/nothing or anybody/anyone/anything:
1b !.didn’t say anything............................ ;......................................................................................................
2b Nobody saw me,................. ’ .................................................................................................... .....................
3b I don't................................................................................................................................................................
4b I.................:.................................................................................... :....................................................................
5b ............................... :................................................................................................. ...... the answer.
6b ............................................................................................... ....................................................... ......................
7b ......................
8b ......................
nobody / no-one / nothing or anybody / anyone / anything
1 That house is empty. Nobody lives there.
2 Jack has a bad memory. He can't remember anything......
3 Be quiet! Don't say.................................................
4 I didn't know about the meeting.....................................................told me.
5 'What did you have to eat?' ' I wasn't hungry.'
6 I didn't eat I wasn't hungry.
7 Helen was sitting alone. She wasn't w ith .................................................
8 I'm afraid I can't help you. There's I can do.
9 I don't know ...............................................about car engines.
10 The museum is free. It doesn't cost................................................ to go in.
11 I heard a knock on the door, but when I opened it, there w as................................................there.
12 The hotel receptionist spoke very fast. I didn't understand.................................................
13 'What are you doing tonight?' '.................................................. Why?'
14 Sophie has gone away. ................................................ knows where she is. She didn't tell
................................................where she was going.
1
6
:

Unit
79 somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
Somebody (or Someone)
has broken the window.
people (-body or -one)
somebody or someone
anybody or anyone
nobody or no-one
s
She has got something in
her mouth.
LONDON
Tom lives somewhere near
London.
somebody/someone something = a thing, somewhere = in/to
= a person, but we but we don't know what a place, but we don't
don't know who know where
O There is somebody (or someone) at the door.
Is there anybody (or anyone) at the door?
There isn't anybody (or anyone) at the door.
There is nobody (or no-one) at the door.
-body and -one are the same: somebody = someone, nobody = no-one etc.
things (-thing)
something
anything
nothing
places (-where)
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
O Lucy said something but I didn't understand what she said.
O Are you doing anything at the weekend?
O I was angry, but I didn't say anything.
O 'What did you say?' 'Nothing.'
O Ruth's parents live somewhere in the south of England.
O Did you go anywhere interesting for your holidays?
O I'm staying here. I'm not going anywhere.
O I don't like this town. There is nowhere to go.
something/anybody etc. + adjective (big/cheap/interesting etc.)
O Did you meet anybody interesting at the party?
O We always go to the same place. Let's go somewhere different.
O 'What's that letter?' 'It's nothing important.'
something/anybody etc. + to ...
O I'm hungry. I want something to eat. (= something that I can eat)
Tony doesn't have anybody to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
There is nowhere to go in this town. (= nowhere where people can go)
1
6
8 some and any ^ Unit 76 any and no ^ Unit 77 anybody/nothing etc. ^ Unit 78
everything/-body/-where ^ Unit 80

Exercises
Write somebody (or someone) / something / somewhere.
Write nobody (or no-one) / nothing / nowhere.
1a
2a
3a
4a
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use not + anybody/anything/anywhere.
1 b (.didn’t s a y anything.,................................................ 3b
2b I'm n o t..................................................................................... 4b
Write somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
about computers?
1 It's dark. I can't see anything.......
2 Tom lives som ew here near London.
3 Do you know...........................................................
4 'Listen!' 'What? I can't hear.................................................................'
5 'What are you doing here?' 'I'm waiting fo r.................................................................'
6 We need to talk. There's.............................................................. I want to tell you.
7 'D id................................................................see the accident?' 'No,................................................
8 We weren't hungry, so we didn't eat................................................................
9 'What's going to happen?' 'I don't know. ................................................................knows.'
10 'Do you know in Paris?' 'Yes, a few people.'
11 'What's in that cupboard?' ' It's empty.'
12 I'm looking for my glasses. I can't find them ................................................................
13 I don't like cold weather. I want to live................................................................warm.
14 Is there................................................................interesting on TV tonight?
15 Have you ever m et................................................................famous?
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
something anything nothing
something anywhere nowhere
somewhere nowhere
do
drink
eat park
read
sit
stay
We don't go out very much because there's nowhere, to.go......
There isn't any food in the house. We don't have................................................................................................
I'm bored. I've got................................................................................................
'Why are you standing?' 'Because there isn't............................................................................................... .'
'Would you like............................................................................................... ?' 'Yes, please - a glass of water.'
If you're going to the city centre, take the bus. Don't drive because there's
7 I w an t................................................................................................ I'm going to buy a magazine.
8 I need..............................................................................................in London. Can you recommend a hotel?

every
Every house in the street is the same.
every house in the street =
all the houses in the street
We use every + singular noun (every house / every country etc.):
O Sarah has been to every country in Europe.
O Every summer we have a holiday by the sea.
O She looks different every time I see her.
Use a singular verb after every :
O Every house in the street is the same. (not are the same)
O Every country has a national flag. (not have)
Compare every and all:
o Every student in the class passed the o All the students in the class passed
exam. the exam.
o Every country has a national flag. o All countries have a national flag.
every day and all day
all day = the complete day:
how long?
beginning end of
of the day the day
< ............... ..— A L L D A Y ----------------►
It rained all day yesterday.
O On Monday, I watched TV all evening.
(= the complete evening)
also all morning/night/summer etc.
everybody (or everyone) / everything / everywhere
everybody or everyone O Everybody (or Everyone) needs friends.
(people) (= all people need friends)
everything Do you have everything you need?
(things) (= all the things you need)
everywhere O I lost my watch. I've looked everywhere for it.
(places) (= I've looked in all places)
Use a singular verb after everybody/everyone/everything:
Everybody has problems. (not Everybody have)
every day = on all days:
how often?
E V E R Y D A Y
O It rained every day last week.
O Ben watches TV for about two hours
every evening. (= on all evenings)
also every morning/night/summer etc.
( all Unit 81

Exercises
| Complete the sentences. Use every + these words:
day room student tim e word
1 Every.stud e n t in the class passed the exam.
2 My job is very boring.....................................................................is the same.
3 Kate is a very good tennis player. When we play, she w ins.................................................................
4 ................................................................in the hotel has free internet access and a minibar.
5 'Did you understand what she said?' 'Most of it, but n o t.................................................................'
U P Complete the sentences with every day or all day.
1 Yesterday it rained M .day.
2 I buy a newspaper................................................, but sometimes I don't read it.
3 I'm not going out tomorrow. I'll be at hom e.................................................
4 I usually drink about four cups of coffee.................................................
5 Paula was ill yesterday, so she stayed in bed.................................................
6 I'm tired now because I've been working hard.................................................
7 Last year we went to the seaside for a week, and it rained.................................................
Write every or all.
1 Bill watches TV for about two hours every evening.
2 Julia gets up at 6.30.......................morning.
3 The weather was nice yesterday, so we sat outside.......................afternoon.
4 I'm going away on Monday. I'll be away.........................week.
5 a : How often do you go skiing?
b: .........................year. Usually in March.
6 a : Were you at home at 10 o'clock yesterday?
b: Yes, I was at hom e.........................morning. I went out after lunch.
7 My sister loves new cars. She buys one.........................year.
8 I saw Sam at the party, but he didn't speak to m e.......................evening.
9 We go away on holiday for two or three weeks.......................summer.
Write every body/everyth ing/everywhere.
1 Everybody needs friends.
2 Chris knows................................................................about computers.
3 I like the people here.....................................................................is very friendly.
4 This is a nice hotel. It's comfortable and is very clean.
5 Kevin never uses his car. He goes................................................................by motorcycle.
6 Let's get something to eat.....................................................................is hungry.
7 Sue's house is full of books. There are books.................................................................
8 You are right you say is true.
Complete the sentences. Use one word only each time.
1 Everybody has problems.
2 Are you ready yet? Everybody...............................waiting for you.
3 The house is empty. Everyone...............................gone out.
4 Gary is very popular. Everybody...............................him.
5 This town is completely different now. Everything............................... changed.
6 I got home very late last night. I came in quietly because everyone................................ asleep.
7 Everybody.................................mistakes!
8 a : ................................ everything clear?..................................everybody know what to do?
b: Yes, we all understand.

all
Unit
most some any no/none
Compare:
children/money/books etc. (in general): the children / the money / these books e t c :
o Children like playing. O Where are the children?
(= children in general) (= our children)
o Money isn't everything. O I want to buy a car, but I don't have
(= money in general) the money. (= the money for a car)
o I enjoy reading books. O Have you read these books?
o Everybody needs friends. O I often go out with my friends.
most / most o f..., some / some o f... etc
all most
most/some e tc + noun
some any no / none / not + any
most of/some of e tc + the/this/my ... etc
all
most
some
any
no
cities
children
books
money
all (of)
the ...
most this/that...
some
of these/those ...
any my/your... etc.
none
O Most children like playing.
(= children in general)
O I don't want any money.
O Some books are better than others.
O He has no friends.
O All cities have the same problems.
(= cities in general)
Do not use of in these sentences:
O Most people drive too fast.
(not Most of people)
O Some birds can't fly.
(not Some of birds)
O Most of the children at this school
are under 11 years old.
O I don't want any of this money.
O Some of these books are very old.
O None of my friends live near me.
You can say all the ... or all of the ... (with or
without of):
O All the students in our class passed
the exam, (or All of the students ...)
O Amy has lived in London all her life,
(or... all of her life.)
all of it / most of them / none of us etc.
O You can have some of this cake, but not all of it.
O a : D o you know those people?
b: Most of them, but not all of them.
O Some of us are going out tonight. Why don't you come with us?
O I have a lot of books, but I haven't read any of them.
O 'How many of these books have you read?' 'None of them.'
the ... (children / the children etc.) Unit 72 some and any ^ Unit 76 no/none/any ^ Unit 77
all and every Unit 80______________________________________________________________________________________
all
it
most
them
of
some
us
any
you
none

Exercises
^ Q Q | Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (some/most etc.). Sometimes you need of
(some of / most of etc.).
1 M ost children like playing, (most)
2 Som e o f this money is yours, (some)
3 .......................................people never stop talking, (some)
4 .......................................the shops in the city centre close at 6.30. (most)
5 .......................................people have mobile phones these days, (most)
6 I don't like........................................the pictures in the living room, (any)
7 He's lost........................................ his money, (all)
8 .......................................my friends are married, (none)
9 Do you know .......................................the people in this picture? (any)
10 .......................................birds can fly. (most)
11 I enjoyed the film, but I didn't like the ending, (m ost)
12 .......................................sports are very dangerous, (some)
13 We can't find anywhere to stay. .......................................the hotels are full, (all)
14 You must have.......................................this cheese. It's delicious, (some)
15 The weather was bad when we were on holiday. It rained........................................the time, (most)
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use:
all/m ost/some/none h of them / of it
" 0 © (3) i • * •
Itfi
IP
.iitit*
a f « f
t « a a
Itltlll’
i m *
m i
l i t *
m m m m
litiitfI y 1
fif
A n * ©
V
nit
(5) * A *
f t B B
s
I B
illn
Hi)
How many of the people are women?
How many of the boxes are on the table?
How many of the men are wearing hats?
How many of the windows are open?
How many of the people are standing?
How much of the money is Ben's?
Moot of them.
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 I'ke playing.
2 All the students failed the exam.
3 Some of people work too hard.
4 Some of questions in the exam were very easy.
5 I haven't seen any of those people before.
6 All of insects have six legs.
7 Have you read all these books?
8 Most of students in our class are very nice.
9 Most of my friends are going to the party.
10 I'm very tired this morning - I was awake most of night.
M o s t children..
OK

Unit
82 both either neither
We use both/either/neither to talk about two things or people:
or
both either neither (not + either)
O Rebecca has two children. Both are married. (both = the two children)
O Would you like tea or coffee? You can have either, (either = tea or coffee)
O a: Do you want to go to the cinema or the theatre?
b
: Neither. I want to stay at home, (neither = not the cinema or the theatre)
Compare either and neither:
O 'Would you like tea or cofFee?'
both/either/neither + noun
both + plural
either
'Either. I don't mind.' (= tea or coffee)
'I don't want either.' (not I don't want neither)
'Neither.' (= not tea or coffee)
neither
■
+ singular
both windows/books/children etc.
either
neither
window/book/child etc.
O Last year I went to Paris and Rome. I liked both cities very much.
O First I worked in an office, and later in a shop. Neither job was very interesting.
O There are two ways from here to the station. You can go either way.
both o f... / either o f... / neither o f..
both (Of) th e ...
either
neither
of
these/those...
my/your/Paul's... etc.
O Neither of my parents is British.
O I haven't read either of these books.
You can say both of the/those/my ... or both the/those/my ... (with or without of):
O I like both of those pictures, or
I like both those pictures.
O Both of Paul's sisters are married, or
Both Paul's sisters are married.
but O Neither of Paul's sisters is married. (not Neither Paul's sisters)
both of them / neither of us
both them
either of us
neither you
O Paul has two sisters. Both of them are married.
O Sue and I didn't eat anything. Neither of us was hungry.
Who are those two people? I don't know either of them.
174 ( I can't either / neither can I -4 Unit 42

Exercises
g g g Write both/either/neither. Use of where necessary.
9
10
11
12
13
14
Last year I went to Paris and Rome. I liked both cities very much.
There were two pictures on the wall. I didn't like either.gf them.
It was a good football match teams played well.
It wasn't a good football match.............................................team played well.
'Is your friend English or American?' '......................................... She's Australian.'
We went away for two days, but the weather wasn't good. It rained........................................days.
a : I bought two newspapers. Which one do you want?
b : ......................................... It doesn't matter w h i c h one.
I invited Sam and Chris to the party, but...................................... them came.
'Do you go to work by car or by bus?' ' I always walk.'
'Which jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?' 'I don't like........................................ them.'
'Do you work or are you a student?' '................. I work and I'm a student too.'
My friend and I went to the cinema, but...........................................usliked the film. It was really bad.
Helen has two sisters and a brother. ........................................sisters are married.
Helen has two sisters and a brother. I've met her brother, but I haven't m et.......................................
her sisters.
Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both ... and Neither. ...
d)
fj if
©
T
m 1
Answek^
27+18-47
V H & 7 7
1 Both cups.are..................................................empty. 4
2 ....................................................................................are open. 5
3 .........................................................................wearing a hat. 6
beards.
. to the airport.
correct.
A man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences
with Both/Neither of them . . . .
0 * %
’'USM'i T| S i
j '-r , , ,
1 Are you married? No N o ------
2 How old are you? 21 21 ------
3 Are you a student? Yes Yes------►
4 Do you have a car? No No
5 Where do you live? London London
6 Do you like cooking? Yes Yes
7 Can you play the piano? No No
8 Do you eat seafood? Yes Yes
9 Are you interested in No No
sport?
..Nejtherof
doth of them are 2 1 .
. students.
a car.

Unit
83 a lot much many
i t a t
a lot of money not much money a lot of books not many books
We use much +
uncountable noun We use many +
plural noun
(much food / much money etc.): (many books / many people etc.):
o Did you buy much food? 0 Did you buy many books?
o We don't have much luggage. 0 We don't know many people.
o How much money do you want? 0 How many photos did you take?
0 a: Do you have any money? O a: Did you take any photos?
b: I have some, but not much. b: I took some, but not many.
We use a lot of + both types of noun:
o We bought a lot of food. 0 We bought a lot of books.
o Paula doesn't have a lot of free time. O Did they ask a lot of questions?
We say:
O There is a lot of food/money/water ... 0 There are a lot of trees/shops/
(singular verb) people ... (plural verb)
0 A lot of people speak English.
(not speaks)
......................
We use much in questions and negative sentences:
O Do you drink much coffee?
O I don't drink much coffee.
But we do not often use much in positive sentences:
O I drink a lot of coffee, (not I drink much coffee)
'Do you drink much coffee?' 'Yes, a lot.' (not Yes, much)
We use many and a lot of in all types of sentences (positive/negative/question):
O We have many friends / a lot of friends.
O We don't have many friends / a lot of friends.
0 Do you have many friends / a lot of friends?
You can use much and a lot without a noun:
0 Amy spoke to me, but she didn't say much.
'Do you watch TV much?' 'No, not much.' (= not often)
) We like films, so we go to the cinema a lot. (not go to the cinema much)
I don't like him very much.
1 7 6 I ( countable/uncountable Units 67-68

Exercises
Write much or many.
1 Did you buy much food?
2 There aren't.........................hotels in this town.
3 We don't have.......................petrol. We need to stop and get some.
4 Were there........................people on the train?
5 D id................students failthe exam?
6 Paula doesn't have.......................money.
7 I wasn't hungry so I didn't eat..........................
8 I don't know where Gary lives.these days. I haven't seen him fo r.........................years.
Write How much or How many.
9..........................................................................people are coming to the party?
10..........................................................................milk do you want in your coffee?
11 .....................................................................bread did you buy?
12..........................................................................players are there in a football team?
{ g g Complete the sentences. Use much or many with these words:
books countries luggage people time times
1 I don't read very much. I don't have many.books
2 Hurry up! We don't have................................................................................................................
3 Do you travel a lot? Have you been to ..........................................................................................................
4 Tina hasn't lived here very long, so she doesn't know ...........................................................................
5 'Do you have...............................................................................................................?' 'No, only this bag.'
6 I know Tokyo well. I've been there................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use a lot of + these words:
accidents books fun interesting things traffic
1 I like reading. I have a Jot of books...............................................................................................................
2 We enjoyed our visit to the museum. We saw .........................................................................................
3 This road is very dangerous. There are...........................................................................................................
4 We enjoyed our holiday. We had......................................................................................................................
5 It took me a long time to drive here. There w as......................................................................................
^ 2 2 1 In some of these sentences much is not natural. Change the sentences or write OK.
1 Do you drink much coffee? OK..................................................................
2 I drink much tea. aJot of tea...............................................
3 It was a cold winter. We had much snow....................... ........................................................................
4 There wasn't much snow last winter. .........................................................................
5 It costs much money to travel around the world................................................................................
6 We had a cheap holiday. It didn't cost much. .........................................................................
7 Do you know much about computers? .........................................................................
8 'Do you have any luggage?' 'Yes, much.' .........................................................................
m g Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot.
1 James loves films, (go to the cinema) He.goes.to the cmema a lot,..
2 Nicola thinks TV is boring, (watch TV) doesn't wateh.Ty.much,..
3 Tina is a good tennis player, (play tennis) She...............................................................
4 Mark doesn't like driving, (use his car) H e................................................................
5 Paul spends most of the time at home, (go out) .........................................................................
6 Sue has been all over the world, (travel) .........................................................................

Unit
84 (a) little (a) few
(a) little + uncountable noun:
(a) little water
(a) little time
(a) little money
(a) little soup
(a) few + plural noun:
(a) few books
(a) few questions
(a) few people
(a) few days
a little water a few books
a little =
- some but not much a few = some but not many
O She didn't eat anything, but she drank
°
Excuse me, 1have to make a few
a little water. phone calls.
o 1speak a little Spanish. o We're going away for a few days.
(= some Spanish but not much) o 1speak a few words of Spanish.
o a : Can you speak Spanish? o a : Are there any shops near here?
b: A little. b: Yes, a few.
X little (without a) = nearly no or nearly Xfew (without a) = nearly no
nothing
O There was little food in the fridge. O There were few people in the theatre.
It was nearly empty. It was nearly empty.
You can say very little: You can say very few:
O Dan is very thin because he eats very O Your English is very good. You make
little. (= nearly nothing) very few mistakes.
Compare little and a little:
They have a little money, so they're
not poor. (= they have some money)
They have little money. They are very
poor. (= nearly no money)
Compare few and a few:
I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.
(= I have some friends)
I'm sad and I'm lonely. I have few
friends. (= nearly no friends)
[ 1have little | f 1have a few |
1 money. J 1 friends. J
m m m m m m
178 ^ countable/uncountable ^ Units 67-68
)

Exercises
CD Answer the questions with a little or a few.
1 'Do you have any money?' 'Yes, a jittle ;
2 'Do you have any envelopes?' 'Yes,........................................ .'
3 'Do you want sugar in your coffee?' 'Yes,........................................, please.'
4 'Did you take any photos when you were on holiday?' 'Yes,..................
5 'Does your friend speak English?' 'Yes,.......................................
6 'Are there any good restaurants in this town?' 'Yes,.....................................
Write a little or a few + these words:
chairs days fresh air friends milk Russian times years
1 Mark speaks Italian well. He lived in Italy fo r a few .years......
2 Can I have..............................................................................................in my coffee, please?
3 'When did Amy go away?' '............................................................................................... ago.'
4 'Do you speak any foreign languages?' 'I can speak...........................................................................................
5 'Are you going out alone?' 'No, I'm going w ith ............................................................................................... .'
6 'Have you ever been to Mexico?' 'Yes,............................................................................................... .'
7 There wasn't much furniture in the room - just a table and...........................................................................
8 I'm going out for a walk. I need................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + these words:
coffee hotels -mistakes^ people rain time work
1 Your English is very good. You make yen/few .m istakes......
2 I drink................................................................................................. Iprefer tea.
3 The weather here is very dry in summer. There is................................................................................................
4 It's difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There are................................................................................
5 Hurry up. We have................................................................................................
6 The town is very quiet at night................................................................................................. go out.
7 Some people in the office are very lazy. They d o ................................................................................................
Write little / a little or few / a few.
1 There w as food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.
2 'When did Sarah go out?' ' minutes ago.'
3 I can't decide now. I need........................................ time to think about it.
4 There w as........................................ traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.
5 The bus service isn't very good at night - there are buses after 9 o'clock.
6 'Would you like some soup?' 'Yes, , please.'
7 I'd like to practise my English more, but I have....................................... opportunity.
Right or wrong? Change the sentences where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is correct.
1 We're going away fo^fewjdays next week. fQ_La.few.daye...................................
2 Everybody needs little luck....................................................................................................................................................
3 I can't talk to you now - I have few things to do.....................................................................................................
4 I eat very little meat - I don't like it very much.........................................................................................................
5 Excuse me, can I ask you few questions?.......................................................................................................................
6 There were little people on the bus - it was nearly empty. .........................................................................
7 Mark is a very private person. Few people know him well................................................................................

Unit
85 old/nice/interesting etc (adjectives)
adjective + noun (nice day / blue eyes etc.)
adjective + noun
It's a nice day today.
Laura has brown eyes.
There's a very old bridge in this village.
Do you like Italian food?
1don't speak any foreign languages.
There are some beautiful yellow flowers in the garden.
Hie adjective is before the noun:
Tliey live in a modern house. (not a house modern)
O Have you met any famous people? (not people famous)
The ending of an adjective is always the same:
a different place different places (not differents)
be (am/is/was etc.) + adjective
O The weather is nice today.
O These flowers are very beautiful.
O Are you cold? Shall I close the window?
I'm hungry. Can I have something to eat?
The film wasn't very good. It was boring.
O Please be quiet. I'm reading.
Q m hungry)
look/feel/smell/taste/sound + adjective
You look tired7^ (You sound happy7
Itired.
It smells good.')
It tastes good.
O a: You look tired.
b: Yes, I feel tired.
Joe told me about his new job. It sounds very interesting.
I'm not going to eat this fish. It doesn't smell good.
Compare:
is
He feels tired.
looks
are
They look happy.
sound
It
is
smells good.
tastes
( get + adjective (get hungry/tired etc.) Unit 56 something/anybody + adjective Unit 79

Exercises
Put the words in the right order.
1 (new / live in / house / they / a)
2 (like / jacket / 1/ that / green)
3 (music / like / do / classical / you?)
4 (had / wonderful / a / 1/ holiday)
5 (went to / restaurant / a / Japanese / we)
i.
Do.
The words in the box are adjectives (black/foreign etc.) or nouns (air/job etc.). Use an adjective
and a noun to complete each sentence.
clouds foreign holiday job languages sharp
air
black dangerous fresh hot knife long water
1 Do you speak any fprai^n languages ?
2 Look at those......................................................................................... It's going to rain.
3 Sue works very hard, and she's very tired. She needs a ........................................................
4 I would like to have a shower, but there's n o ..............................................................................
5 Can you open the window? We need som e.............................................................................
6 I need a .......................................................................................to cut these onions.
7 Fire-fighting is a .........................................................................................
Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from the boxes.
feel(s) look(s) sound(s) happy ill nice
look(s) smell(s) taste(s) horrible new surprised
0 h ) ra
( y o u ....sound happy......) o ..................................................... ) 0 .......................................................)
y / s k * • 5 •
m GD (TT)
@ ( y o u ...............................................) T it..................................................... )
,
0
"*
; V I
M . O
C f
A and B don't agree. Complete B's sentences. Use feel/look etc.
A w ___________________________________ SL B
You look tired.
This is a new coat.
I'm American.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
That soup looks good.
Do I? I don’t feel tired .
Is it? It doesn't.......................
Are you? You.........................
Do I? I .........................................
Are they? They.....................
Maybe, but it ..........................
(feel)
(look)
(sound)
(feel)
(look)
(taste)

Unit
86 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
He ate his dinner very quickly. Suddenly the shelf fell down.
Quickly and suddenly are adverbs.
adjective + -ly —>adverb:
adjective quick bad sudden careful heavy
adverb quickly badly suddenly carefully heavily etc.
Spelling (-> Appendix 5): easy —
>easily heavy —
>heavily
Adverbs tell you how something happens or how somebody does something:
The train stopped suddenly.
O I opened the door slowly.
Please listen carefully. |
I understand you perfectly.
Compare: It's raining heavily
adjective adverb
O Sue is very quiet. Sue speaks very quietly. (not speaks very quiet)
O Be careful! O Listen carefully! (not listen careful)
O It was a bad game. O Our team played badly. (not played bad)
O I felt nervous. I waited nervously.
(= I was nervous)
J
_ ^
hard fast late early
These words are adjectives and adverbs:
O Sue's job is very hard. O Sue works very hard, (not hardly)
O Ben is a fast runner. O Ben can run fast.
O The bus was late/early. O I went to bed late/early.
' " V ; J
D good (adjective) —>well (adverb)
Your English is very good. O You speak English very well, (not very good)
) It was a good game. Our team played well.
But well is also an adjective (= not ill, in good health):
'How are you?' 'I'm very well, thank you. And you?'
1
8
2 ( adjectives Unit 85
3

H H Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with these adverbs:
angrily badly dangerously fast heavily quietly
Exercises
1 It's raining heavily.......................................................... 4 She shouted at m e.
2 He sings very........................................................................ 5 She can run very.....
3 They came in ....................................................................... 6 He was driving.........
come know sleep win carefully clearly hard well
explain listen think work carefully easily quickly well
1 I'm going to tell you something very important, so please li.stan.canefujjy
2 They................................................................................ At the end of the day they're always tired.
3 I'm tired this morning. I didn't................................................................................last night.
4 You play tennis much better than me. When we play, you always
5 ................................................................................before you answer the question.
6 I've met Alice a few times, but I don't hervery.......................................
7 Our teacher doesn't........................................ things very......................................... We never understand him.
8 Helen! I need your help......................................................................................!
Which is right?
1 Don't eat so quick-/quickly. It's not good for you. (quickly is right)
2 Why are you angry/angrily? I haven't done anything.
3 Can you speak slow/slowly, please?
4 Come on, Dave! Why are you always so slow/slowly?
5 Sam is a very careful/carefully driver.
6 Amy is studying hard/hardly for her examinations.
7 'Where's Anna?' 'She was here, but she left sudden/suddenly.'
8 Please be quiet/quietly. I'm studying.
9 Some companies pay their workers very bad/badly.
10 Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?
11 I don't remember much about the accident. Everything happened quick/quickly.
C 9 Write good or well.
1 Your English is very good You speak it very wajj.......
2 Jackie did very.........................in her exams.
3 The party was very........................... Ienjoyed it very much.
4 Mark has a difficult job, but he does it .........................
5 How are your parents? Are they.........................?
6 Did you have a .........................holiday? Was the weather.........................?

older/heavier etc
Short words (1 syllable) —
>-er:
old —
» older slow —>slower
nice —>nicer late —>later
cheap —>cheaper
big -» bigger
Spelling (—
>Appendix 5): big —
> bigger hot —
>hotter
Words ending in -y —>-ier:
easy —>easier heavy —>heavier early —
>earlier
thin —>thinner
far
Rome is old, but Athens is older. (not more old)
O Is it cheaper to go by car or by train? (not more cheap)
O Helen wants a bigger car.
O This coat is OK, but I think the other one is nicer.
O Don't take the bus. It's easier to take a taxi. (not more easy)
-» further:
O a: H ow far is it to the station? A mile?
b: No, it's further. About two miles.
more
Long words (2/3/4 syllables) —» more ...
careful —>more careful
expensive —>more expensive
polite —>more polite
interesting —» more interesting
C You must be more careful.
O I don't like my job. I want to do something more interesting.
O Is it more expensive to go by car or by train?
good/well —>better bad —>worse
O The weather wasn't very good yesterday, but it's better today.
O 'Do you feel better today?' 'No, I feel worse.'
Which is worse - a headache or a toothache?
184 [ older than ... / more expensive than ... Unit 88 the oldest / the most expensive Unit 90

Exercises
m m Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older / more interesting etc.).
Write the comparative.
older
9
10
good
large
serious
pretty
crowded
better
nearer
easier
old
strong
happy
modern
important
Write the opposite.
1 younger o
l
d
e
r 4
2 colder .................................................................................. 5
3 cheaper .................................................................................. 6
Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
1 Helen's car isn't very big. She wants a bigger one.
2 My job isn't very interesting. I want to do something fflorejntereeting......
3 You're not very tall. Your brother is................................................................................
4 David doesn't work very hard. I w ork................................................................................
5 My chair isn't very comfortable. Yours is................................................................................
6 Your idea isn't very good. My idea is................................................................................
7 These flowers aren't very nice. The blue ones are.............................................................................
8 My bag isn't very heavy. Your bag is................................................................................
9 I'm not very interested in art. I'm in history.
10 It isn't very warm today. It w as................................................................................yesterday.
11 These tomatoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted
12 Britain isn't very big. France is................................................................................
13 London isn't very beautiful. Paris is................................................................................
14 This knife isn't very sharp. Have you got a ................................................................................one?
15 People today aren't very polite. In the past they were..................................................................
16 The weather isn't too bad today. Often it is m uch.........................................................................

Unit
88 older than ... more expensive than
^/j ’mtaller than you/)
£150
£130
£120
£H5
She's taller than him. The Europa Hotel is more expensive than the Grand
We use than after comparatives (older than ... / more expensive than ... etc.):
O Athens is older than Rome.
O Are oranges more expensive than bananas?
O It's easier to take a taxi than to take the bus.
O 'How are you today?' 'Not bad. Better than yesterday.'
O The restaurant is more crowded than usual.
We usually say: than me / than him / than her / than us / than them.
You can say:
O I can run faster than him. or I can run faster than he can.
O You are a better singer than me. or You are a better singer than I am.
O I got up earlier than her. or I got up earlier than she did.
more/less than ...
O a: H ow much did your shoes cost? £60?
b: No, more than that. (= more than £60)
O The film was very short - less than an hour.
O They have more money than they need.
O You go out more than me.
60-
■
50-
4 0 -
MORETHAN 50
LESS THAN 50
a bit older / much older etc.
Box A is a bit bigger than Box B. Box C is much bigger than Box D.
a bit
much
bigger
older
better
more difficult
more expensive
than
O
Canada is much bigger than France.
Sue is a bit older than Joe - she's 25 and he's 24.
The hotel was much more expensive than I
expected.
You go out much more than me.
1
8
6 ( old —» older, expensive —>more expensive -» Unit 87 not a s ... as -» Unit 89

Exercises
g y Write sentences about Kate and Ben. Use than.
jKate
1 I'm 26.
ite sentences a
Ben
■
r
2 I'm not a very good swimmer.
3 I'm 1 metre 68 tall.
4 I start work at 8 o'clock.
5 I don't work very hard.
6 I don't have much money.
7 I'm a very good driver.
8 I'm not very patient.
9 I'm not a very good dancer.
10 I'm very intelligent.
11 I speak French very well.
12 I don't go to the cinema very much.
1 I'm 24.
2 I'm a very good swimmer.
3 I'm 1 metre 63 tall.
4 I start work at 8.30.
5 I work very hard.
6 I have a lot of money.
7 I'm not a very good driver.
8 I'm very patient.
9 I'm a good dancer.
10 I'm not very intelligent.
11 I don't speak French very well.
12 I go to the cinema a lot.
Kate [solder than.J3.en................................................
Ben j s . a . b e l t a r . ^ ..................
Kate is........................................................................................
Kate starts.......................................................................Ben.
Ben...............................................................................................
Ben has......................................................................................
Kate is a .
Ben..........
Ben..........
10 Kate.
11 Kate
12 Ben ...
Complete the sentences. Use than.
He isn't very tall. You're Miter, than him.(OR taller than.ha.js}..
She isn't very old. You're..........................................................................................
I don't work very hard. You w ork......................................................................
He doesn't watch TV very much. Yo u...........................................................
I'm not a very good cook. You............................................................................
We don't know many people. You...................................................................
They don't have much money. You.................................................................
I can't run very fast. You can ................................................................................
She hasn't been here very long. You................................................................
They didn't get up very early. You.....................................................................
He wasn't very surprised. Yo u.............................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
^ 2 3 1 Complete the sentences with a bit or much + comparative (older/better etc.).
1 Emma is 25. Joe is 24^.
Em m a i.s.a.bit older than Jo e ..........................................................................................................
2 Jack's mother is 52. His father is 69.
Jack's m other...................................................................................................................................................
3 My camera cost £120. Yours cost £112.
My camera........................................................................................................................................................
4 Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel OK.
I feel.......................................................................................................................................................................
5 Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was 10 degrees.
It's...........................................................................................................................................................................
6 Sarah is an excellent tennis player. I'm not a very good player.
Sarah.....................................................................................................................................................................

She's old, but she's not as old as he is. Box A isn't as big as Box B.
O Rome is not as old as Athens.
(= Athens is older)
O The Grand Hotel isn't as expensive as the Europa.
(= the Europa is more expensive)
O I don't play tennis as often as you.
(= you play more often)
O The weather is better than it was yesterday. It isn't as cold.
(= as cold as it was yesterday)
B not as much as ... / not as many as ..
O I don't have as much money as you. (= you've got more money)
O I don't know as many people as you. (= you know more people)
O I don't go out as much as you. (= you go out more)
J
c ' Compare not as ... as and than:
O Rome is not as old as Athens.
Athens is older than Rome. (not older as Rome)
O Tennis isn't as popular as football.
Football is more popular than tennis.
J
O I don't go out as much as you.
You go out more than me.
D We usually say: as me / as him / as her etc.
You can say:
O She's not as old as him. or She's not as old as he is.
O You don't work as hard as me. or You don't work as hard as I do.
J
We say the same as ...
O The weather today is the same as yesterday.
O My hair is the same colour as yours.
O I arrived at the same time as Tom.
■
I
k
not as
not
1
8
8 [ much/many 4 Unit 83 older than ... /more expensive than ^ Unit 88

Exercises
j a m Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B and C.
1 A is bigger than C,. but.not as.bjg. a.5.B...........................
2 A is................................................................................B, but no t........
3 C is............................................................................................... A, but.
4 A is ,but.....
5 B has got...................................................................................................
6 C w orks....................................................................................................
,.C
jppwnr
Write sentences with as ... as . . . .
1 Athens is older than Rome.
2 My room is bigger than yours.
3 You got up earlier than me.
4 We played better than them.
5 I've been here longer than you.
6 She's more nervous than him.
Rom e....
Your room isn't....................................
I didn't........................................................
They............................................................
You..............................................................
H e.................................................................
Write as or than.
1 Athens is older than Rome. 5 Joe isn't as intelligent.........................he thinks.
2 I don't watch TV as m uch........................ you. 6 Belgium is smaller.........................Switzerland.
3 You eat more me. 7 Brazil isn’t as big.........................Canada.
4 I'm more tired-today.........................I was yesterday. 8 I can't wait longer.........................an hour.
jggi Complete the sentences about Julia, Andy and Laura. Use the same age /the same street etc.
I'm 22.
I live in Hill Street.
Igot up at 7.15.
Idon't have a car.
i
W I
f:i• ' >
I'm 24.
I live in Baker Street,
got up at 7.15.
My car is dark blue.
I'm 24.
I live in Hill Street,
got up at 7.45.
have a car. It's dark blue.
2 (street)
3 (time)
4 (colour)
Andy
A n d y j s t h e . s o m e a . g a a s . . y u r a . .
Julia lives.........................................................
Julia got u p ....................................................
Andy's..............................................................
Laura

Unit
90 the oldest the most expensive
HOTEL PRICES IN KINTON
(P e r ro o m p e r n ight)
Europa Hotel £150 Grosvenor £110
Grand Hotel £130 Bennets £100
Royal £120 Carlton £98
Astoria £115 Star £85
Palace £115 Station £75
Box A is bigger than Box B.
Box A is bigger than all the
other boxes.
Box A is the biggest box.
The Europa Hotel is more expensive than the Grand.
The Europa Hotel is more expensive than all the other
hotels in the city.
The Europa Hotel is the most expensive hotel in the
city.
Bigger and more expensive etc. are comparative forms (—>Unit 87).
Biggest and most expensive etc. are superlative forms.
The superlative form is -est (oldest) or m ost... (most expensive).
Short words (old/cheap/nice etc.) —»the -est:
old —
>the oldest cheap —»the cheapest
but good —>the best bad —»the worst
nice —>the nicest
Spelling (—
>Appendix 5): big —>the biggest hot —>the hottest
Words ending in -y (easy/heavy etc.) —>the -iest:
easy —
>the easiest heavy —
>the heaviest pretty —
»the prettiest
Long words (careful/expensive/interesting etc.) —
>the m o st...
careful —>the most careful interesting - » the most interesting
R m We say the oldest... / the most expensive ... etc. (with the):
O The church is very old. It's the oldest building in the town.
(= it is older than all the other buildings)
O What is the longest river in the world?
O Money is important, but it isn't the most important thing in life.
O Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?
You can use the oldest / the best / the most expensive etc. without a noun:
O Luke is a good player, but he isn't the best in the team.
(the best = the best player)
You can use superlative + I've ever ... / you've ever ... etc.:
O The film was very bad. I think it's the worst film I've ever seen.
What is the most unusual thing you've ever done?
190 ( present perfect + ever -fr Unit 17 older / more expensive 4 Units 87-88 3

Exercises
m Write sentences with comparatives (older etc.) and superlatives (the oldest etc.).
C
3 t
u
l
a
la
R
tila
u
m
B
A
, B
y
celled
big/small
(A/D) A is bigger than P.
(A) A is the biggest,
(B) 13is the sm allest.
long/short
(C/A) C is ................................................................................A.
(D) D is ......................................................................................
(B) B ...........................................................................................
young/old
(D/C) D
(B)
(C) ......
expensive/cheap
(D/A) ....................
(C) ....................
(A) ....................
good/bad
(A/C) .....
(A)................
(D)................
| Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).
1 This building is very old. It’s the oldest building jn the town.
2 It was a very happy day. It w as.............................................................................................. of my life.
3 It's a very good film. It's................................................................................................I've ever seen.
4 She’s a very popular singer. She's..............................................................................................in the country.
5 It was a very bad mistake. It w as..............................................................................................I've ever made.
6 It's a very pretty village. It's................................................................................................I’ve ever seen.
7 It was a very cold day. It w as............................................................................................... of the year.
8 He's a very boring person. He's..............................................................................................I've ever met.
m m Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.). Choose from the boxes.
Ctirl I
jy u i icy Alaska high country river Africa South America
Everest the Nile large -eity- state Australia the world
Brazil Jupiter long mountain planet the USA the solar system
1 Sydney is the largest crtyjn Australia....
2 Everest.................................................................................
3 ..................................................................................................
4 ..................................................................................................
5 ..................................................................................
6 ..................................................................
191

Unit
91 enough
it iih iik if e
She isn't going to take a taxi.
She hasn't got enough money.
've only got five pounds -
not enough for a taxi.
He can't reach the shelf.
He isn't tall enough.
enough + noun (enough money / enough people etc.)
O a: Is there enough milk in your coffee?
b: Yes, thank you.
O We wanted to play football, but we didn't have enough players.
O Why don't you buy a car? You've got enough money. (not money enough)
enough without a noun
I've got some money but not enough to buy a car
(= I need more money to buy a car)
O a : Would you like some more to eat?
b: No, thanks. I've had enough.
O You're always at home. You don't go out enough.
adjective + enough (good enough / tall enough etc.)
O a : Shall we sit outside?
b: No, it isn't warm enough. (not enough warm)
Can you hear the radio? Is it loud enough for you?
O Don't buy that coat. It's nice, but it isn't long enough. (= it's too short)
Remember:
enough + noun
enough money
enough time
enough people
but adjective + enough
tall enough
good enough
old enough
We say:
enough for somebody/something
enough to do something
enough for somebody/something
to do something
O This pullover isn't big enough for me.
O I haven't got enough money for a new car.
O I haven't got enough money to buy a new car.
(not for buy)
Is your English good enough to have a conversation?
(not for have)
There aren't enough chairs for everybody to sit
down.
192 ( to ... and for ... Unit 54 too -fr Unit 92

Exercises
f g | Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + these words:
chairs money paint wind
1 She hasn't got enough money 3 She hasn't got.
2 There aren't............................................................................. 4 There isn't.........
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough:
big long strong -taR
1 H e isn’t .talJ. enough 3 His legs aren't.
2 The car...................................................................................... 4 H e.........................
C E 9 Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words:
big eat loud mifk old practise space time tired
1 'Is there enough mjjk in your coffee?' 'Yes, thank you.'
2 Can you hear the radio? Is it oud enough for you?
3 He can leave school if he wants - he's................................................................................
4 When I visited New York last year, I didn't have................................................................................to see all the
things I wanted to see.
5 This house isn't............................................................................... fora large family.
6 Tina is very thin. She doesn't................................................................................
7 My office is very small. There isn't................................................................................
8 It's late, but I don't want to go to bed now. I'm n o t................................................................................
9 Lisa isn't a very good tennis player because she doesn't................................................................................
CD Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words:
We haven't got enough moneyto buy a new car. (money/buy)
This knife isn’t tomatoes, (sharp/cut)
The water wasn't swimming, (warm/go)
Have we got sandwiches? (bread/make)
We played well, but no t............................................................................................................ the game, (well/win)
I don’t have newspapers, (time/read)

too
Unit
Uggghhhlj^ / /
His shoes are too big for him. There is too much sugar in it.
too + adjective / adverb (too big / too hard etc.)
Can you turn the radio down?
Its too loud. (= louder than I want)
I can't work. I'm too tired.
Q I think you work too hard.
too much / too many = more than you want, more than is good:
O I don't like the weather here. There is too much rain. (= more rain than is good)
Let's go to another restaurant. There are too many people here.
O Emily studies all the time. I think she studies too much.
Traffic is a problem in this town. There are too many cars.
Compare too and not enough:
/ I ~tX
‘1 I 4 1 V
too big
■ i
1 it
not big enough
o
o
The hat is too big for him.
The music is too loud. Can you turn it down, please?
There's too much sugar in my coffee.
(= more sugar than I want)
I don't feel very well. I ate too much.
The hat isn't big enough for him. (= it's too small)
The music isn't loud enough. Can you turn it up, please?
There's not enough sugar in my coffee.
(= I need more sugar)
You're very thin. You don't eat enough.
We say:
to o ... for somebody/something
too ... to do something
These shoes are too big for me.
O It's a small house - too small for a large
family.
O I'm too tired to go out. (not for go out)
It's too cold to sit outside.
too ... for somebody to do something She speaks too fast for me to understand.
194 [to ... and for ... ^ Unit 54 much/many Unit 83 enough ^ Unit 91

Exercises
^jjg|jp Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + these words:
big crowded fast heavy loud low
1 The music is top.lpud 4 She's driving.......
2 The box is 5 His jacket is.........
3 The net is 6 The museum is.
Write too / too much / too many or enough.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
You're always at home. You don't go o u t enough.......
I don't like the weather here. There's too much rain.
I can't wait for them. I don't have........................................time.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were..............................
You're always tired. I think you w ork.........................................hard.
'Did you have to eat?' 'Yes, thank you.'
You drink........................................coffee. It's not good for you.
You don't eat........................................vegetables. You should eat more.
I don't like the weather here. It's........................................ cold.
Our team didn't play well. We m ade.........................................mistakes.
'Would you like some milk in your tea?' 'Yes, but n o t.......................
. people.
Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with these words:
I couldn't work. I was top tired.....................................................
Can you turn the radio up, please? It I.sn’t jpud.enpugh..
I don't want to walk home. It's............................................................
Don't buy anything in that shop. It ..................................................
You can't put all your things in this bag. It..................................
I couldn't do the exercise. It ..................................................................
Your work needs to be better. It........................................................
I can't talk to you now. I ..........................................................................
I thought the film was boring. It........................................................
(tired)
(loud)
(far)
(expensive)
(big)
(difficult)
(good)
(busy)
(long)
g g | Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to .
1 (I'm not going out / cold)
2 (I'm not going to bed / early)
3 (they're not getting married / young)
4 (nobody goes out at night / dangerous)
It's...................................................................................
5 (don't phone Sue now / late)
It's...................................................................................
6 (I didn't say anything/surprised)
I w as..............................................................................
It's .top.cpy.to.gp out...
It's.................................................
They're......................................

He speaks English very well.
93 a(word order 1)
A verb + object
1
bought some new shoes yesterday.
verb object
The verb (bought) and the object (some new shoes)
are usually together. We say:
O Sue bought some new shoes yesterday.
(not Sue bought yesterday some new shoes)
sue (subject) some nemlshoes (object)
verb + object
He speaks English very well. (not He speaks very well English)
Ilike Italian food very much. (not Ilike very much ...)
Did you watch TV all evening? (n o t... watch all evening TV)
Paul often wears a black hat. (not Paul wears often ...)
We invited a lot of people to the party.
I opened the door slowly.
Why do you always make the same mistake?
I'm going to borrow some money from a friend.
where and when
We went to a party last night
I
where?
I
when?
Place (where?) is usually before time (when?). We say:
We went to a party last night. (not We went last night to a party)
place
(where?)
time
(when? how long? how often?)
Lisa walks to work every day. (not ... every day to work)
Will you be at home this evening? (not ... this evening at home)
I usually go to bed early. (n o t,
... early to bed)
We arrived at the airport at 7 o'clock.
They've lived in the same house for 20 years.
Joe's father has been in hospital since June.
196 ( word order in questions Units 44-46 always/usually/often etc. 4Unit 94

Exercises
jjf g i Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 Did you watch al|eyeningJ3/*
2 Sue bought some new shoes yesterday.
3 I like very much this picture.
4 Tom started last week his new job.
5 I want to speak English fluently.
6 Jessica bought for her friend a present.
7 I drink every day three cups of coffee.
8 Don't eat your dinner too quickly!
9 I borrowed from my brother fifty pounds.
..Pidypu.watch.TVajl evening?.,
OK
Put the words in order.
1 (the door / opened / 1/ slowly)
2 (a new phone / 1/ last week / got)
3 (finished / Paul / quickly / his work)
4 (Emily / very well / French / doesn't speak)
5 (a lot of shopping / did / 1/ yesterday)
6 (London / do you know / well?)
7 (we / enjoyed / very much / the party)
8 (the problem / carefully / 1/ explained)
9 (we / at the airport / some friends / met)
10 (did you buy / in England / that jacket?)
11 (every day / do / the same thing / we)
12 (football / don't like / very much / 1
)
opened, the door, sjowjy...
m i
Put the words in order.
1 (to work / every day / walks / Lisa)
2 (at the hotel / 1/ early / arrived)
3 (goes / every year / to Italy / Julia)
4 (we / since 1998 / here / have lived)
5 (in London / Sue / in 1990 / was born)
Sue...............................................................................................
6 (didn't go / yesterday / Paul / to work)
PauJ.............................................................................................
7"tfo a wedding / last weekend / went / Helen)
Helen..........................................................................................
8 (I / in bed / this morning / my breakfast / had)
I ...........................................................................................
.Lisa wajks tp.work.pyei^.day,..
Julia.
We...
9 (in September / Amy / to university / is going)
A m y...............................................................................................................................
10 (I / a beautiful bird / this morning / in the garden / saw)
I..................................................................................................................
11 (many times / have been / my parents / to the United States)
M y..................................................................................................................................
12 (my umbrella / 1/ last night / left / in the restaurant)
I ........................................................................................................................................
13 (to the cinema / tomorrow evening / are you going?)
A re ..................................................................................................................................
14 (the children / 1/ took / this morning / to school)

Unit
Lalways/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
These words (always/never etc.) go with the verb in the middle of a sentence:
always often ever rarely also already all
usually sometimes never seldom just still both
My brother never speaks to me.
She's always late.
Do you often go to restaurants?
I sometimes eat too much, (or Sometimes I eat too much.)
a: Don't forget to phone Laura.
b: I've already phoned her.
I've got three sisters. They're all married.
Always/never etc. go before the verb:
verb
always go
often play
never have
etc. etc.
O
O
I always drink coffee in the morning.
(not I drink always coffee)
Helen often goes to London.
(not Helen goes often)
You sometimes look unhappy.
They usually have dinner at 7 o'clock.
We rarely watch TV. or
We seldom watch TV.
Richard is a good footballer. He also plays tennis and volleyball.
(not He plays also tennis)
I've got three sisters. They all live in London.
But always/never etc. go after am/is/are/was/were:
I am always tired.
(not I always am tired)
They are never at home during the day.
It is usually very cold here in winter.
When I was a child, I was often late for school.
a: Where's Laura?
b: She's still in bed.
I've got two brothers. They're both doctors.
O
o
o
o
o
am
always
IS
often
are
never
was
etc.
were
o
o
o
o
o
Always/never etc. go between two verbs (have ... been / can ... find etc.):
verb 7 verb 2
will
can
do
etc.
always
often
never
etc.
go
find
remember
etc.
have gone
has been
etc.
I will always remember you.
It doesn't often rain here.
O Do you usually go to work by car?
I can never find my keys.
Have you ever been to Egypt?
O a: Where's Laura?
b: She's just gone out. (She's = She has)
My friends have all gone to the cinema.
198
always/never + present simple -♦ Unit 5 just/already + present perfect •
both-♦Unit 82 s t ills Unit 95
>
Unit 16 all ^ Units 80-81

Exercises
Read Paul's answers to the questions. Write sentences about Paul with often/never etc.
rDo you ever play tennis?
Do you get up early?
Are you ever late for work?
Do you ever get angry?
Do you ever go swimming?
Are you at home in the evenings?
Yes, often.
Yes, always.
No, never.
Sometimes.
Rarely.
Yes, usually.
Paul
Pau.l often.pjaysMh.n.i.^:...
He.
He.
Write these sentences with never/always/usually etc.
1 My brother speaks to me. (never)
2 Susan is polite, (always) Susan......................
3 I finish work at 5 o'clock, (usually) I ...........
4 Sarah has started a new job. (just) Sarah .
5 I go to bed before midnight, (rarely) .........
6 The bus isn't late, (usually) ...............................
7 I don't eat fish, (often) .........................................
8 I will forget what you said, (never) .............
9 Have you lost your passport? (ever) ..........
10 Do you work in the same place? (still) .....
11 They stay in the same hotel, (always) .......
12 Jane doesn't work on Saturdays, (usually)
13 Is Tina here? (already) .........................................
14 What do you have for breakfast? (usually)
15 I can remember his name, (never) .............
My. brother neve
Write sentences with also.
1 Do you play football? (tennis)
2 Do you speak Italian? (French)
3 Are you tired? (hungry)
4 Have you been to England? (Ireland)
5 Did you buy any clothes? (some books)
a m Write sentences with both and all.
Yes,.and.!..^Isp.play tennis..
Yes, and I .............................................
Yes, and...............................................
Yes,.........................................................
§
i
iiiir I liv
/
o in I
M
live in London.
I play football.
I'm a student.
I've got a car.
I live in London.
I play football.
I'm a student.
I've got a car.
1 They.bpth.ljya jn London............................................
They..........................................................................football.
.................................................................................... students.
-----------------------
I'm married. I was born in England.
.I live in New York.
. married.
. England.
cars.

Unit
95 still yet already
M ' M
I m m
w M I
still
anhour ago
# t
* $
now
'M / i
■
An hour ago it was raining.
The rain
hasn't stopped
It is still raining now.
still = something is the same as before:
O I had a lot to eat, but I'm still hungry. (= I was hungry before, and I'm hungry now)
O 'Did you sell your car?' 'No, I've still got it.'
O 'Do you still live in Barcelona?' 'No, I live in Madrid now.'
yet
20 minutes ago A w.|| ^ eoon^)
.-------- — ------- s
M m
now
(Where’s [3en? He’s very late. J
— f, JMM-I •: : : S
» P
m
m
m
s
m
a
m
m
m
W
M
, ' : ■ ■1
Twenty minutes ago they were
waiting for Ben.
They are still waiting for Ben.
Ben hasn't come yet.
yet = until now
We use yet in negative sentences (He hasn't come yet.) and in questions (Has he come yet?).
Yet is usually at the end of a sentence:
O a:Where's Emma?
b: She isn't here yet. (= she will be here, but untilnow she hasn't come)
O a : What are you doing this evening?
b: I don't know yet. (- I will know later,but I don't knowat the moment)
O a: Are you ready to go yet?
b: Not yet. In a minute. (= I will be ready, but I'm not ready at the moment)
O a: Have you finished with the newspaper yet?
b: No, I'm still reading it.
Compare yet and still:
O She hasn't gone yet. = She's still here, (not she is yet here)
O I haven't finished eating yet. = I'm still eating.
already = earlier than expected:
'What time is Joe coming?' 'He's already here.' (= earlier than we expected)
'I'm going to tell you what happened.' 'That's not necessary. I already know.'
Sarah isn't coming to the cinema with us. She has already seen the film.
200 ( already/yet + present perfect Unit 16 word order (still/already) Unit 94

Exercises
You meet Tina. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some questions with still.
Tina - two years ago 1 Doyou stjHpJay thapjanp?................................
^ play the piano.
want to be a teacher.J
Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example carefully.
before now
(before) Ib.^y wara.y^
(still) Ih a y jre st.ijl waiting.....................
(yet) Ib.e bus hasn’t.co m eyet,...........
(before) He w as.
(still) H e..........
(yet) ..................
(before) She.
(still) ..........
(yet) ..........
yet.
. asleep.
dinner
(before) They.
(still) ............
(yet) ............
d inn er
Write questions with yet.
1 You and Sue are going out together. You are waiting forher to get ready.Perhaps sheis ready now.
You ask her: Araypu.raady.yat?...................................................................................................................................
2 You are waiting for Helen to arrive. She wasn'there ten minutes ago.Perhaps she is here now.
You ask somebody: ................................Helen......................................................................................................................
3 Anna did an exam and is waiting for the results. Perhaps she has her results now.
You ask her: ...............................yo u......................................................................................................................................................
4 A few days ago you spoke to Tom. He wasn't sure where to go on holiday. Perhaps he has decided
now.
You ask him: ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use already.

Unit
96 Give me that book! Give it to me!
give lend pass send show
After these verbs (give/lend etc.); there are
two possible structures:
give something to somebody
O I gave the keys to Sarah.
give somebody something
O I gave Sarah the keys.
SARAH
give something to somebody
something to somebody
That's my book. Give it to me.
These are Sue's keys. Can you give them to her?
Can you give these flowers to your mother?
1 lent my car to a friend of mine.
Did you send the money to Kate?
We've seen these photos. You showed them to us.
give somebody something
somebody something
Give me that book. It's mine.
Tom gave his mother some flowers.
1 lent Joe some money.
How much money did you lend him?
1 sent you an email. Did you get it?
Nicola showed us her holiday photos.
Can you pass me the salt, please?
You can also say buy/get somebody something':
O I bought my mother some flowers. (= I bought some flowers for my mother.)
O I'm going to the shop. Can I get you anything? (= get anything for you)
You can say:
O I gave the keys to Sarah.
and I gave Sarah the keys.
(but not I gave to Sarah the keys)
O That's my book. Can you give it to me?
and Can you give me that book?
(but not Can you give to me that book?)
We prefer the first structure (give something to somebody) with it or them:
O I gave it to her. (not I gave her it)
O Here are the keys. Give them to your father, (not Give your father them)
202 ( it/him/them ecc. Unit 59
3

Exercises
{ g p Mark had some things that he didn't want. He gave them to different people.
GARY
Write sentences beginning He gave . . . .
What did Mark do with the armchair? He gavejt to his brother..
What did he do with the tennis racket? He gave.............................................
What happened to the books? H e.........................................................
What about the lamp?............................................................................................................
What did he do with the pictures? .................................................................
And the ladder?...........................................................................................................................
You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures. Write a
sentence for each person.
(C D PAUL © JOANNA © RICHARD © EMMA © RACHEL © KEVIN
J v f a
w ™
t f *
^ ' j
1 1
.gava.Paul a.book,.
2 I gave................................
3 I ............................................
4
5
6
Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? / Can you pass me ... ? etc.
1 (you want the salt)
2 (you need an umbrella)
3 (you want my address)
4 (you need twenty pounds)
5 (you want more information)
6 (you want to see the letter)
(pass) C a n y o u p a e e m ^
(lend) Can yo u.........................................................
(give) C an .....................................................your.
(lend) .............................................................................
(send) .............................................................................
(show) .............................................................................
g up Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I gave to Sarah the keysr- / 1gave Sarah the keys. (I gave Sarah the keys is right)
I'll lend to you some money if you want. / I'll lend you some money if you want.
Did you send the bill me? / Did you send the bill to me?
I want to buy for you a present. / 1want to buy you a present.
Can you pass to me the sugar, please? / Can you pass me the sugar, please?
This is Lisas bag. Can you give it to her? / Can you give her it?
I showed to the policeman my identity card. / 1showed the policeman my identity card.
203

Unit
97 and but or so because
and but or so because
We use these words (conjunctions) to join two sentences. They make one longer sentence from two
shorter sentences:
sentence A The car stopped. — — The driver got out. sentence B
The car stopped and the driver got out.
and/but/or
sentence A sentence B
We stayed at home and (we)* watched television.
My sister is married and (she)* lives in London.
He doesn't like her, and she doesn't like him.
1bought a sandwich, but 1didn't eat it.
It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garden.
Do you want to go out, or are you too tired?
* It is not necessary to
repeat we' and she'.
In lists, we use commas (,). We use and before the last thing:
O I got home, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair and fell asleep.
Karen is at work, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing football.
so (the result of something)
sentence A
It was very hot,
Joe does a lot of sport,
They don't like travelling,
sentence B
I opened the window,
he's very fit.
they haven't been to many places.
because (the reason for something)
sentence A sentence B
1opened the window because it was very hot.
Joe can't come to the party because he's going away.
Lisa is hungry because she didn't have breakfast.
Because is also possible at the beginning:
O Because it was very hot, I opened the window.
In these examples there is more than one conjunction:
O It was late and I was tired, so I went to bed.
I always enjoy visiting London, but I wouldn't like to live there because it's too big.
204 ( when/while/before etc. 4Unit 98
3

Exercises
Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/but/or.
I stayed at home.
i bought a sandwich.
I went to the window.
I wanted to phone you.
I jumped into the river.
I usually drive to work.
Do you want me to come with you?
I didn't have your number.
Shall I wait here?
I didn't eat it.
I went by bus this morning.
4watched-T-
V-
I swam to the other side.
I looked out.
1 1stayed at.home andwatchedJV;
.......
2 1bought a.sandyvi.ch .but l.didn’t.a a tjt..
3 I..............................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................
5 ...............................................................................................
6 ................................................................................
7 ...............................................................................................
< 9
1 It was very hot, s o M opanad
2 They couldn't play tennis...........................................
3 They went to the museum,......................................
4 Ben wasn't hungry,.........................................................
5 Helen was late..................................................................
6 Sue said.................................................................................
Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/but etc.
1 (and) In.thaavaning.l stayed ......
2 (because) l.M Ht.tp.bad.yary e a r l y ..........
3 (but) .....................................................................................................................
4 (and) .....................................................................................................................
5 (so) .....................................................................................................................
6 (because) .....................................................................................................................
lEnmiiaal
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/but/so/because.
!0 minutes
later
HELEN
Goodbye.
205

Unit
98 When
When I went out, it was raining.
This sentence has two parts:
when I went out + it was raining
You can say:
O When I went out, it was raining, or
It was raining when I went out.
We write a comma (,) if When ... is at the beginning:
When you're tired, don't drive.
Don't drive when you're tired.
O
o Helen was 25 when she got married.
When Helen got married, she was 25.
We do the same in sentences with before/while/after:
O
Always look both ways before you cross the road.
Before you cross the road, always look both ways.
O
o
While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
It began to rain while I was waiting for the bus.
He never played football again after he broke his leg.
After he broke his leg, he never played football again.
When I am ... / When I go ... etc.
Next week Sarah is going to New York.
She has a friend, Lisa, who lives in New York,
but Lisa is also going away - to Mexico.
So they won't see each other in New York.
Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in New York.
The time isfuture (next week) but we say:
... when Sarah is in New York.
(not when Sarah will be)
SARAH USA
We use the present (I am / 1go etc.) with afuture meaning after when:
O When Iget home this evening, I'm going to have a shower.
(not When I will get home)
O I can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later when I have more time.
We do the same after before/while/after/until:
O Please close the window before you go out.
(not before you will go)
O Rachel is going to stay in our flat while we are away.
(not while we will be)
O I'll wait here until you come back.
(not until you will come back)
-
2
0
6 ( if and when Unit 99 until Unit 104 before/while/after Unit 105

Exercises
g l l Write sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes.
When +
I went out I turned off the TV
I'm tired I always go to the same place
I knocked on the door there were no rooms
I go on holiday
+
it was raining
the programme ended there was no answer
I got to the hotel I like to watch TV
1 W heni.want
2 ....................................................................
m i
3 .............................................................................................................................................
4 .............................................................................................................................................
5 ......................................................................................................................
6 ......................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
somebody broke into the house before they came here
before they crossed the road
they went to live in New Zealand
while they were away
when they heard the news
they didn't believe me
They looked both ways before th ey w
They were very surprised........................................................................
After they got m arried............................................................................
Their house was damaged in a storm ..............................................
Where did they live....................................................................................
While we were asleep,...............................................................................
When I told them what happened,..................................................
which is right?
1 I stay-/ 1
1
1stay here until you come / voull come- back. (Ill stay and y
ou come are right)
2 I'm going to bed when I finish / HI finish my work.
3 We must do something before ids / it will be too late.
4 Helen is going away soon. I'm / 1
1
1 be very sad when she leaves / shellleave.
5 Don't go out yet. Wait until the rain stops /will stop.
6 We come / We'll come and visit you when we're / we'llbe inEngland again.
7 When I come to see you tomorrow, I bring / I'll bring our holiday photos.
8 I'm going to Paris next week. I hope to see some friends of mine while I'm/ I'll be there.
9 Let's go out for a walk before it gets / it will get dark.
10 I'm not ready yet. I tell / I'll tell you when I'm / I'll be ready.
| Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 Can you close the window before you.qo out....................................................................................................
2 What are you going to do w hen.....................................................................................................................................
3 When I have enough money,............................................................................................................................................
4 I'll wait for you w hile...............................................................................................................................................................
5 When I start my new job,....................................................................................................................................................
6 Will you be here w hen..........................................................................................................................................................

Ifwego... If you see... etc.
Unit
If can be at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle:
If at the beginning
If we go by bus,
If you don't hurry,
If you're hungry,
If the phone rings,
it will be cheaper,
you'll miss the train,
have something to eat.
can you answer it, please?
if in the middle
It will be cheaper
You'll miss the train
I'm going to the concert
Is it OK
if we go by bus.
if you don't hurry,
if I can get a ticket,
if I use your phone?
In conversation, we often use the if-part of the sentence alone:
'Are you going to the concert?' 'Yes, if I can get a ticket.'
If you see Ann tomorrow ... etc.
After if, we use the present (not will). We say 'if you see ...' (not if you will see):
If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?
O If I'm late this evening, don't wait for me. (not if I will be)
What shall we do if it rains? (not if it will rain)
If I don't feel well tomorrow, I'll stay at home.
if and when
If I go out = it is possible that I will go out, but I'm not sure:
a: Are you going out later?
b: Maybe. If I go out, I'll close the windows.
When I go out = I'm going out (for sure):
a: Are you going out later?
b: Yes, I am. When I go out, I'll close the windows.
Compare when and if:
When I get home this evening, I'm going to have a shower.
If I'm late this evening, don't wait for me. (not When I'm late)
We're going to play tennis if it doesn't rain. (not when it doesn't rain)
2
0
8 ( when ^ Unit 98 if I had / if we w ent... etc. 4Unit 100
We'll get there more
quickly ifwe go by taxi

Exercises
Write sentences beginning with if. Choose from the boxes.
If +
-you don't hurry we can have lunch now
you pass the exam you can have them
you fail the exam 1can lend you some
you don't want this magazine _i_ you'll get a certificate
you want those pictures
T
you'll be late
you're busy now I'll throw it away
you're hungry we can talk later
you need money you can do it again
[fypu don't hur^
If you pass....................................................
If.........................................................................
Which is right?
1 If I'm / 4'll be late this evening, don't wait for me. (fm is right)
2 Will you call me if I give / I'll give you my phone number?
3 If there is / will be a fire, the alarm will ring.
4 If I don't see you tomorrow morning, I call / I'll call you in the evening.
5 I'm / I'll be surprised if Michael and Jane get /will get married.
6 Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they'll invite you?
j g g j Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 I'm going to the concert if iQ ^ n.seta ticket......................................................
2 If you don't hurry, yp.ull.mi55 the train...................................................................
3 I don't want to disturb you if.............................................................................................
4 If you go to bed early tonight,...........................................................................................
5 Turn the TV off if......................................................................................................................
6 Tina won't pass her exams if...............................................................................................
7 If I have time tomorrow,.......................................................................................................
8 We can go to the beach tomorrow if...........................................................................
9 I'll be surprised if........................................................................................................................
g j j Write if or when.
1 !.f I'm late this evening, don't wait for me.
2 I'm going to do some shopping now. .......................I come back, we can have lunch.
3 I'm thinking of going to see Tom............................I go, will you come with me?
4 ........................ you don't want to go out tonight, we can stay at home.
5 Is it O K .........................I close the window?
6 John is still at school............................. he leaves school, he wants to go to college.
7 Shall we have a picnic tom orrow.......................the weather is good?
8 We're going to Madrid next week. We don't have anywhere to stay - we hope to find a hotel
we get there. I don't know what we'll d o .........................we don't find a room.

Unit
100 If I had If we went... etc.
Dan likes fast cars, but he doesn't have one.
He doesn't have enough money.
If he had the money, he would buy a fast car.
Usually had is past, but in this sentence had is
not past. If he had the money = if he had the
money now (but he doesn't have it). DAN
If
I
you
had / knew / lived (etc.)
didn't have / didn't know (etc.)
I
you
would ...
wouldn't...
it w ere..., it could ...
they could ..., they couldn't...
You can say:
O If he had the money, he would buy a car.
or He would buy a car if he had the money.
I'd / she'd / they'd etc. = I would / she would / they would etc.:
O I don't know the answer. If I knew the answer, I'd tell you.
O It's raining, so we're not going out. We'd get wet if we went out.
O Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She wouldn't be happy if she lived in the country.
O If you didn't have a job, what would you do? (but you have a job)
O I'm sorry I can't help you. I'd help you if I could, (but I can't)
O if we had a car, we could travel more, (but we don't have a car, so we can't travel much)
If (I) was/were ...
You can say: if l/he/she/it was or
if l/he/she/it were
O It's not a very nice place. I wouldn't go there
if I were you. (or ... if I was you)
Q It would be nice if the weather was better.
(o r... if the weather were better)
O What would Tom do if he were here?
(or ... if he was here)
wouldn’t go out if Iwere you.J
Compare:
if I have / if it is etc.
O I must go and see Helen.
If I have time, I will go today.
(= maybe I'll have time, so maybe
I'll go)
O I like that jacket.
I'll buy it if it isn't too expensive.
(= maybe it will not be too expensive)
O I'll help you if I can. (= maybe I can)
if I had / if it was etc.
O I must go and see Helen.
If I had time, I would go today.
(= I don't have time today, so I will
not go)
I like this jacket, but it's very expensive.
I'd buy it if it wasn't so expensive.
(= it is expensive, so I'm not going to
buy it)
O I'd help you if I could, but I can't.
O
210 f if we go / if I have / if I can etc. Unit 99
------------------------------------------

Exercises
1 I don't know the answer. If I
.
knew the answer, I'd tell you.
2 I have a car. I couldn't travel very much if I
.
didn’t have a car.
3 I don't want to go out. If I to go out, I'd go.
4 We don't have a key. If w e .............................................................. a key, we could get into the house.
5 I'm not hungry. I would have something to eat if I ................................................................hungry.
6 Sue enjoys her work. She wouldn't do it if she..................................................................it.
7 He can't speak any foreign languages. If h e......................................................................speakaforeign language,
perhaps he would get a better job.
8 You don't try hard enough. If yo u harder, you would have more success.
9 I have a lot to do today. If I ................................................................so much to do, we could go out.
m p Put the verb in the correct form.
1 If he had the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)
2 Jane likes living in a city. She wouldn’t ba..happy if she lived in the country, (she/not/be)
3 If I wanted to learn Italian, to Italy. (I go)
4 I haven't told Helen what happened. She'd be angry if....................................................................... (she/know)
5 If...............................................................................a map, I could show you where I live, (we/have)
6 What would you do if................................................................................a lot of money? (you/win)
7 It's not a very good hotel there if I were you. (I/not/stay)
8 If...............................................................................nearer London, we would go there more often, (we/live)
9 It's a shame you have to go now. ....................................................................nice if you had more time, (it/be)
10 I'm not going to take the job. I'd take it if.............................................................................. better, (the salary/be)
11 I don't know anything about cars. If the car broke down,................................................................................what
to do. (I/not/know)
12 If you could change one thing in the world, w hat............................................................................? (you/change)
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form.
we (have) a bigger house it (be) a bit cheaper
we (buy) a bigger house the air (be) cleaner
we (have) some pictures on the wall I (watch) it
every day (be) the same I (be) bored
1 I'd buy that jacket if if. was a bit cheaper........................................................................................................................
2 If there was a good film on TV tonight,................................................................................................................................
3 This room would be nicer if.........................................................................................................................................................
4 If there wasn't so much traffic,....................................................................................................................................................
5 Life would be boring if.....................................................................................................................................................................
6 If I had nothing to do,......................................................................................................................................................................
7 We could invite all our friends to stay if................................................................................................................................
8 If we had more money,....................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
1 I'd be happier if ! could g e t a, batterjo b...........................................................................................................................
2 If I could go anywhere in the world,........................................................................................................................................
3 I wouldn't be very happy if............................................................................................................................................................
4 I'd buy...............................................................if......................................................................................................................................
5 If I saw an accident in the street,................................................................................................................................................
6 The world would be a better place if......................................................................................................................................

Unit a person who... a thing that/which ...
101 (relative clauses 1)
i i i i i i
■HH
X Z L
&
JACK
who is for people (not things):
A thief is a person
Do you know anybody
The man
The people
who steals things,
who can play the piano?
who phoned
who work in the office
didn't give his name,
are very friendly.
that is for things or people:
An airplane is a machine
Emma lives in a house
The people
that flies.
that is 400 years old.
that work in the office are very friendly.
You can use that for people, but who is more usual.
which is for things (not peopie):
An airplane is a machine
Emma lives in a house
which flies. (not a machine who ...)
which is 400 years old.
Do not use which for people:
Do you remember the woman who was playing the piano at the party?
(not the woman which ...)
2 1 2 ( who and which in questions Units 45,47 the people we met (relative clauses 2) 4Unit 102
Mean speak six languages.

Exercises
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person who . . . . Use a dictionary if
necessary.
doesn't tell the truth is ill in hospital
takes care of your teeth steals things
is very intelligent does stupid things
plays a musical instrument sells meat
a thief a dentist
a butcher a fool
a musician a genius
a patient a liar
1 A thief is a,person.who.st^ajs thing.5,
2 A butcher is a person..........................................
3 A musician.................................................................
5 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 .......................................................................................................
Make one sentence from two.
1 (A man phoned. He didn't give his name.)
The man who phonad didn’t giva his nama.
2 (A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)
The wom an................................................................................................................................................................a yellow dress.
3 (Some students took the exam. Most of them passed.)
Most of the students....................................................................................................................
4 (A policeman stopped our car. He wasn't very friendly.)
T h e ...........................................................................................................................................................
^ 2 ^ Write who or which.
1 I met a wom an who can speak six languages.
2 What's the name of the m an...............................has just started work in your office?
3 What's the name of the river...............................flows through the town?
4 Where is the picture................................ was hanging on the wall?
5 Do you know anybody................................wants to buy a car?
6 You always ask questions are difficult to answer.
7 I have a friend.................................is very good at repairing cars.
8 I think everybody went to the party enjoyed it very much.
9 Why does he always wear clothes................................ are too small for him?
2 2 E ) Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
1 A thief is a person which steals things.................................................parson.who ataals
2 An airplane is a machine that flies. QK........................................
3 A coffee maker is a machine who makes coffee............................................................................
4 What's happened to the money that was on the table? ....................................................
5 I don't like people which never stop talking....................................................................................
6 I know somebody that can help you....................................................................................................
7 I know somebody who works in that shop......................................................................................
8 Correct the sentences who are wrong.................................................................................................
9 My neighbour bought a car who cost £40,000...............................................................................

Unit the people we met the hotel you stayed at
102 (relative clauses 2)
The man is carrying a bag.
It's very heavy.
2 sentences
The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy.
.................... 1 sentence................:......]
Kate won some money.
What is she going to do with it?
2 sentences
KATE
What is Kate going to do with the money
(that) she won?
.................... 1
sentence...................
You can say:
O The bag that he is carrying ... or The bag he is carrying ... (with or without that)
O ... the money that Kate won? or ... the money Kate won?
You do not need that/who/which when it is the object:
subject verb object
The man was carrying a bag —>the bag (that) the man was carrying
Kate won some money —
>the money (that) Kate won
You wanted some books —>the books (that) you wanted
We met some people —>the people (who) we met
O Did you find the books you wanted? (or ... the books that you wanted?)
O The people we met were very friendly, (or The people who we m e t...)
O Everything I said was true, (or Everything that I said ...)
We say:
O The film we saw was very good, (not The film we saw it w a s...)
Sometimes there is a preposition (to/in/at etc.) after the verb:
Eve is talking to a man. —
»
We stayed at a hotel. —>
I told you about some books. —>
Do you know the man Eve is talking to?
The hotel we stayed at was near the station.
These are the books I told you about.
We say:
... the books I told you about (not the books I told you about them)
You can say '(a place) where ...;:
O The hotel where we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed a t ...)
You must use who/that/which when it is the subject (—
>Unit 101):
O I met a woman who can speak six languages, (who is the subject)
O Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him. (that is the subject)
214 [ a person who ..., a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1) 4Unit 101

Exercises
Make one sentence from two.
1 (Helen took some pictures. Have you seen them?)
.Hayp.ypu.5eenthe p j c t u ^ ...........
2 (You gave me a pen. I've lost it.)
I've lost the........................................................................................
3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)
I like th e...............................................................................................
4 (I gave you some flowers. Where are they?)
Where are the.................................................................................
5 (He told us a story. I didn't believe it.)
6 (You bought some oranges. How much were they?)
H ow ..........................................................................................................
I T C H Make one sentence from two.
1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
The bag I
was.carrying w asvery heavy..........................
2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)
Th e..................................................................................................................................
3 (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very comfortable.)
The shoes....................................................................................................................
4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.)
T h e..................................................................................................................................
m w t You ask your friend some questions. Complete the sentences.
1 Your friend stayed at a hotel. You ask:
What's the name o f the.hptalypu.5taypd.at................................
2 Your friend was talking to some people. You ask:
Who are the people............................................................................................
3 Your friend was looking for some keys. You ask:
Did you find th e....................................................................................................
4 Your friend is going to a party. You ask:
Where is th e ..............................................................................................................
5 Your friend was talking about a film. You ask:
What's the name o f..............................................................................................
6 Your friend is listening to some music. You ask:
What's that................................................................................................................
7 Your friend applied for a job. You ask:
Did you get...............................................................................................................
Complete the questions. Use where.
1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him:
Did you like 5.hp, hptel whera.ypu.stayp.d........................................
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her:
What's the name of the restaurant.............................................................
3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her:
How big is th e .........................................................................................................
4 Richard works in a factory. You ask him:
Where exactly is.....................................................................................................

Unit
103 at 8 o'clock on Monday in April
at
on
8 o'clock O I start work at 8 o'clock.
at 10.30 O TTie shops close at 5.30.
midnight etc.
on
Sunday(s) / Monday(s) etc.
25 April / 6 June etc
New Year's Day etc
O Bye! I'll see you on Friday.
O What do you usually do on
Sundays?
O The concert is on 22 November.
in
in
April/June etc
2013/1988 etc
summer/spring etc.
I'm going on holiday in October.
Emma was born in 1995.
The park is beautiful in spring.
We say:
at the weekend
at night
at Christmas
at the end of ...
at the moment
Are you going away at the weekend?
I can't sleep at night.
Where will you be at Christmas? (but on Christmas Day)
I'm going on holiday at the end of October.
Are you busy at the moment?
in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening
O I always feel good in the morning.
□ Do you often go out in the evening?
but
on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Friday evening / on Saturday night etc
O I'm meeting Jackie on Monday morning.
O Are you doing anything on Saturday night?
We do not use at/on/in before:
this ... (this morning / this week etc)
last ... (last August / last week etc)
next... (next Monday / next week etc.)
every ... (every day / every week etc.)
O Are you going out this evening?
O We go on holiday every summer. Last summer we
went to Canada.
O I'm leaving next Monday.
(not on next Monday)
in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc.
O Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes.
(= it leaves five minutes from now)
j Bye! I'll see you in a few days.
(= a few days from now)
now in five minutes
2
1
6 ( in/on/at (places) -» Units 106-107

Exercises
m m Write at/on/in.
.on..
in
.6 June
. the evening
. half past two
. Wednesday
.2007
6 September
.24 September
Thursday
.11.45
. Christmas Day
Christmas
9 ......
10 .....
11 ......
12 the morning
13 Friday morning
14 Saturday night
15 night
16 the end of the day
17 .................the weekend
18 winter
H Q P Write at/on/in.
1 Bye! See you on Friday. 11
2 Where were yo u 28 February? 12
3 I got u p 8 o'clock this morning. 13
4 I like getting up early the morning. 14
5 My sister got married May. 15
6 Jessica and I first m et................... 2006. 16
7 Did you go o u t...............Tuesday? 17
8 Did you go o u t...............Tuesday evening? 18
9 Do you often go o u t the evening? 19
10 Let's m eet 7.30 tomorrow evening.
I often go away the weekend.
I'm starting my new jo b .................3 July.
We often go to the beach summer.
George isn't here................the moment.
Jane's birthday is.................December.
Do you w ork Saturdays?
The company started 1999.
I like to look at the stars................night.
I'll send you the money................. the end of
the month.
Look at Lisa's diary for next week and complete the sentences.
Lisa is going to the cinema on.Wadnasday eyenjng..
She has to phone Chris..................................................................
She isn't doing anything special.................................................
She's got a driving lesson...............................................................
She's going to a party.......................................................................
She's meeting Sam .............................................................................
Write sentences with in ....
1 It's 8.25 now. The train leaves at 8.30.
2 It's Monday today. I'll call you on Thursday.
3 Today is 14 June. My exam is on 28 June.
4 It's 3 o'clock now. Tom will be here at 3.30.
The train laavas infiva minutes.
. days.
M y...
Tom .
Write at/on/in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete, and no word is
necessary.
1 I'm going on......Friday.
2 I'm going z........next Friday, (already complete)
3 I always feel tired
.
the evening.
4 Will you be at hom e this evening?
5 We went to France last summer.
6 Laura was born................. 1997.
7 What are you doing.............. the weekend?
8 I phone Robert every Sunday.
9 Shall we play tennis next Sunday?
10 I can't go to the party Sunday.
11 I'm going out. I'll be back an hour.
12 I don't often go o u t................night.

Unit
104 from ... to until since for
from ... to ...
O We lived in Japan from 2003 to 2010.
O I work from Monday to Friday.
You can also say from ... until
O We lived in Japan from 2003 until 2010.
from Monday to Friday
Monday Friday
u n til...
Friday
December
until
3 o'clock
I come back
They're going away tomorrow.
They'll be away until Friday.
I went to bed early, but I wasn't tired.
I read a book until 3 o'clock.
Wait here until I come back.
until Friday
Friday
You can also say till (= until):
O Wait here till I come back.
Compare:
O 'How long will you be away?'
O 'When are you coming back?'
'Until Monday.'
'On Monday.'
since + a time in the past (to now)
We use since after the present perfect (have been / have done etc.):
O Joe is in hospital. He has been
in hospital since Monday.
(= from Monday to now)
Sue and Dave have been
married since 1998.
(= from 1998 to now)
It has been raining since I arrived.
since Monday
o
Monday now
O
Compare:
O We lived in Japan from 2003 to 2010.
We lived in Japan until 2010.
O Now we live in Canada. We came to Canada in 2010.
We have lived in Canada since 2010. (= from 2010 until now)
We use for (not since) + a period of time (three days / ten years etc.):
O Joe has been in hospital for three days. (not since three days)
for + a period of time
three days
for
ten years
five minutes
a long time
O
Gary stayed with us for
three days.
I'm going away for
a few weeks.
I'm going away for the weekend.
Sunday
for three days
Monday Tuesday
O They've been married for ten years.
2
1
8 ( present perfect + for/since Units 18-19 present perfect (I have lived) and past simple (I lived) Unit 20j

Exercises
P T if Read the information and complete the sentences. Use from ... to / until / since.
ALEX KAREN CLARE ADAM
now.
I was a teacher
before.
I started work as a
journalist in 2008.
V J
now.
I lived in Canada
before.
I came to England in
2009.
J
now.
I lived in France before
I came to Switzerland
in 2011.
I work in a hotel now.
I worked in a restaurant
before.
I started work in the
hotel in 2012.
V___________ j
1 (Alex / Canada / 2001 2009)
2 (Alex / Canada / —
>2009)
3 (Alex / England / 2009 —
>)
4 (Karen / France / —>2011)
5 (Karen / Switzerland / 2011 —>)
6 (Clare / a restaurant / 2010 —>2012)
7 (Clare / a hotel / 2012 —>)
8 (Adam / a teacher / 2002 —>2008)
9 (Adam / a journalist / 2008 —>)
Now write sentences with for.
Alex lived !HCanada from 2 0 0 1 .to 2 0 0 9 ..............................
Alex lived in Canada............................................................................2009
Alex has lived in England............................................................................
Karen lived in .....................................................................................................
Karen has lived in ............................................................................................
Clare worked.........................................................2010.................................
Clare has worked.............................................................................................
Adam was a ........................................................................................................
Adam has been................................................................................................
Alaxjiyedjn Canada fpr.ejghtyaars...
Alex has lived in England...............................
Karen has.................................................................
Clare worked.........................................................
Clare ............................................................................
A dam .........................................................................
A dam .........................................................................
10 (Alex / Canada)
11 (Alex / England)
12 (Karen / Switzerland)
13 (Clare / a restaurant)
14 (Clare / a hotel)
15 (Adam / a teacher)
16 (Adam / a journalist)
Write until/since/for.
1 Sue and Dave have been married since..1998.
2 I was tired this morning. I stayed inbed................................10 o'clock.
3 We waited for Sue.............................half an hour, but she didn't come.
4 'Have you just arrived?' 'No, I've been here.................................half past seven.'
5 'How long did you stay at the partylast night?'.........'...........................midnight.'
6 Dan and I are good friends. We have known each other ten years.
7 I'm tired. I'm going to lie dow n................................afew minutes.
8 Don't open the door of the train...............................the train stops.
9 This is my house. I've lived here I was seven years old.
10 Jack has gone away. He'll be away.................................Wednesday.
11 Next week I'm going to Paris..............................three days.
12 I usually finish work at 5.30, but sometimes I w ork...................six.
13 'How long have you known Anna?' '................................ we were at school together.'
14 Where have you been? I've been waiting for yo u ................................ twenty minutes.

mggm
M M H I h
- :
:m
I : 1
1
1
1
before, while and after
before we played while we were playing after we played
O Don't forget to close the window before you go out.
O I often fall asleep while I'm reading.
O They went home after they did the shopping.
during while and for
We use during + noun (during the film). We use while + verb (while I'm reading):
O We didn't speak during the meal.
but We didn't speak while we were eating (not during we were eating)
Use for (not during) + a period of time (three days / two hours / a year etc.):
O We played tennis for two hours, (not during two hours)
O I lived in London for a year. (not during a year)
You can use before/after + -ing (before going / after eating etc.):
O I always have breakfast before going to work. (= before I go to work)
After doing the shopping, they went home. (= after they did)
We say before going (not before to go), after doing (not after to do) etc.:
O Before eating the apple, I washed it carefully. (not before to eat)
G I started work after reading the newspaper. (not after to read)
past continuous (I was -ing) Units 13-14 before/after/while/when -fr Unit 98 for Unit 104
prepositions + -ing ^ Unit 112
105 Abefore after during while
before, during and after
after the film
before the film during the film
O Everybody feels nervous before exams.
O I fell asleep during the film.
O We were tired after our visit to the museum.

lunch the end they went to Australia
after during + the concert th e exam you're waiting
^ before while the course the night
1 Everybody was nervous before th e exam.............................................................................................................................
2 I usually work four hours in the morning, and another three hours.........................................................................
3 The film was really boring. We left...............................................................................................................................................
4 Anna went to evening classes to learn German. She learnt a lo t...............................................................................
5 My aunt and uncle lived in London............................................... ..............................................................................................
6 a : Somebody broke a window.................................................................................................. Did you hear anything?
b: No, I was asleep all the time.
7 Would you like to sit dow n...............................................................................................................................................................?
8 a : Are you going hom e..................................................................................?
b: Yes, I have to get up early tomorrow.
Write during/while/for.
1 We didn't speak while we were eating.
2 We didn't speak during the meal.
3 Gary called................................ you were out.
4 Amy went to Italy and stayed in Rom e................................ five days.
5 I didn't check my em ail...............................I was away.
6 The students looked very bored.................................the lesson.
7 I fell out of bed I was asleep.
8 Last night I watched T V ............................... three hours.
9 I don't usually watch T V ...............................the day.
10 Do you ever watch T V ................................you are having dinner?
Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing, having etc.).
1 A fter doing the shopping, they went home.
2 I felt sick after.......................................too much chocolate.
3 I'm going to ask you a question. Think carefully before.........................................it.
4 I felt awful when I got up this morning. I felt better after........................................ a shower.
5 A fter my work, I left the office and went home.
6 Before........................................ to a foreign country, it's good to try and learn a little of the language.
Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing.
1 They did the shopping. Then they went home.
A fter doing, t h a s h p ^ ......................................................................................................................
2 John left school. Then he worked in a bookshop for two years.
John worked.............................................................. ..................................................................................................................................
3 I read for a few minutes. Then I went to sleep.
Before...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 We walked for three hours. We were very tired.
After..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Let's have a cup of coffee. Then we'll go out.
Let's ............................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercises
2
2
1

Unit
in
at
in a room
in a shop
in a car
in the water
in a garden
in a town
in the city centre
in Brazil
'Where's David?' In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In London.'
What's in that box / in that bag / in that cupboard?
Rachel works in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.
I went for a swim in the river / in the pool / in the sea.
Milan is in the north of Italy. Naples is in the south.
I live in a big city, but I'd like to live in the country.
at the bus stop at the door at the traffic lights at her desk
O There's somebody at the bus stop / at the door.
O The car is waiting at the traffic lights.
0 Vicky is working at her desk.
at the top / at the bottom / at the end (o f...):
O Write your name at the top of the page.
O My house is at the end of the street.
at the top (of the page)
n * =
at the bottom (of the page)
on
on a shelf
on a plate
on a balcony
on the floor
etc.
O There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall
O There are a lot of apples on those trees.
O Don't sit on the grass. It's wet.
O There is a stamp on the envelope.
on a horse / on a bicycle / on a motorbike:
O Who is that man on the motorbike?
on a wall
on a door
on the ceiling
etc.
- stamp
envelope
2 2 2 ( the top / the bottom Unit 70 at/on/in (time) Unit 103 in/at/on (places) Unit 107

Exercises
01m Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on.
CD (the kitchen) (D (the box) © (the wall)
(D (the box)
(the bus stop) © (the field) GD (the pool)
(Z) (the balcony)
© (the window) © (the table)
Where is he? I.HTho kjTchan................................... 7
Where are the shoes? ..................................................... 8
Where is the pen? ............................................................ 9
Where is the clock? ......................................................... 10
Where is the bus? ............................................................. 11
Where are the horses? ................................................... 12
Where are they standing?
Where is she swimming?
Where is he standing? ......
Where is the spider? ..........
Where is he sitting? ...........
Where is she sitting? .........
Write in/at/on.
Don't sit on the grass. It's wet.
What do you have your bag?
Look! There's a m an the roof. What's he doing?
There are a lot of fish.................this river.
Our house is number 45 - the number is the door.
'Is the hospital near here?' 'Yes, turn left the traffic lights.'
It's difficult to park................. the centre of town. It's better to take the bus.
My sister lives.................Brussels.
There's a small park the top of the hill.
I think I heard the doorbell. There's somebody the door.
Munich is a large city.................the south of Germany.
There are a few shops.................the end of the street.
It's difficult to carry a lot of things a bike.
I looked at the list of names. My name w as.................the bottom.
02) (the table)

Unit
107 on (places 2)
in
inbed
inhospital
inthe sky
inthe world
ina newspaper / ina book
ina photo(graph) / ina picture
ina car / ina taxi
inthe middle (o f...)
O 'Where's Kate?' 'She's inb
e
d
.'
O David's father is ill. He's inh
o
sp
ital.
O I like to look at the stars inthesk
yat night.
O What's the largest city inthew
o
rld
?
O I read about the accident inthen
ew
sp
ap
er.
O You look sad inth
isp
ictu
re.
O Did you come here inyou
rca
r?
O There's a big tree inthem
id
dleof the garden.
at
athome
atwork / atschool
atuniversity / atcollege
atthe station / atthe airport
atLisa's (house) / atmy sister's (house) /
atthe doctor's / atthe hairdresser's
etc.
ata concert / ata party / ata football
match etc.
O Will you be ath
om
ethis evening?
O 'Where's Kate?' 'She's atw
o
rk
.'
O Helen is studying law atu
n
iversity.
O I'll meet you atthestatio
n
, OK?
O a: Where were you yesterday?
b: Atm
ysiste
r's.
O I saw Tom atthed
o
cto
r's.
O There weren't many people atthep
arty.
Often it is possible to use inor atfor buildings (hotels, restaurants etc.):
O We stayed ata nice hotel, or We stayed ina nice hotel.
o
n
o
na bus
o
na bus / o
na train / o
na plane /
o
na ship
o
nthe ground floor / o
nthe first floor
etc.
o
nthe way (to ...) / o
nthe way home
o
nthe first floor
O Did you come here o
ntheb
u
s?
O The office is o
nthefirstflo
o
r.
O I met Anna o
nth
ew
ayto work / o
nthew
ayhome.
224 ( in/at/on (places) 4 Unit 106 to/in/at Unit 108 on the left/right Unit 109

Exercises
Look at the pictures and
CD (hospital)
GD (the sky)
answer the questions. Use in/at/on.
CD (the airport) (D (bed) © (a ship)
© (a party) © (the doctor's) GD (the second floor)
@5 (a taxi) (a wedding)
1 Where is she? ....I.H.hospital................... ................. 7 Where is Steve? ................................................................
2 Where are they? ................................................................ 8 Where is the restaurant? .............................................
3 Where is he? ........................................................................ 9 Where is she? .....................................................................
4 Where are they? ....................................... .............. 10 Where are they? ...............................................................
5 Where are the stars? ............................... .............. 11 Where are they? ....................................................
6 Where are they? ................................................................ 12 Where are they? ...............................................................
Write in/at/on.
1 Helen is studying law a t university.
2 There was a big table the middle of the room.
3 What is the longest river................the world?
4 Were there many people...............the concert last night?
5 Will you b e.................home tomorrow afternoon?
6 Who is the m an this photo? Do you know him?
7 Where are your children? Are they school?
8 Gary is coming by train. I'm going to meet him the station.
9 Charlie is.................hospital. He had an operation yesterday.
10 How many pages are there this book?
11 Are you hungry after your journey?' 'No, I had something to eat the train.'
12 I'm sorry I'm late. My car broke dow n the way here.
13 'Is Tom here?' 'No, he's his friend's house.'
14 Don't believe everything you see the newspaper!
15 I walked to work, but I came hom e the bus.
225

Unit
108 to in at (places 3)
to
go/come/return/walk (etc) to
in/at (-» Units 106-107)
be/stay/do something (etc) in
TO
LONDON
LONDON f
IN
LONDON
O
We're going to London on Sunday.
I want to go to Italy next year.
We walked from my house to the
centre of town.
What time do you go to bed?
AIRPORT!
4km
AKPOItr
O The bus is going to the airport.
O Karen didn't go to work yesterday.
O I went to a party last night.
O You must come to our house.
home
go/come/walk (etc) home (without to):
O I'm tired. I'm going home.
(not to home)
O Did you walk home?
arrive and get
O
Piccadilly Circus is in London.
My brother lives in Italy.
The main shops are in the centre of
town.
I like reading in bed.
be/stay/do something (etc.) a t ...
I
O The bus is at the airport.
O Sarah wasn't at work yesterday.
O I met a lot of people at the party.
O Helen stayed at her brother's house
be/stay/do something (etc.) at home:
I'm staying at home tonight.
Dan doesn't work in an office.
He works at home.
arrive in a country or town (arrive in Italy / arrive in Paris etc.):
They arrived in this country last week. (not arrived to this country)
arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at work etc.):
What time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the hotel)
get to (a place):
What time did you get to the hotel?
O What time did you get to Paris?
get home / arrive home (no preposition).
I was tired when I got home, or I was tired when I arrived home.
2
2
6 ( been to -» Unit 17 get (to ...) ^ Unit 56 in/at -» Units 106-107

Exercises
Write to or in.
1 I like reading in bed.
2 We're going...............Italy next month.
3 Sue is on holiday Italy at the moment.
4 I have to go................the hospital tomorrow.
5 I was tired so I stayed bed late.
6 What time do you usually go bed?
7 Does this bus go................... the centre?
8 Would you like to live another country?
Write to or at if necessary. One sentence is already complete, and no word is necessary.
1 Paula didn't go to ........work yesterday.
2 I'm tired. I'm going r. home, (already complete)
3 Tina is not very well. She has gone............. the doctor.
4 Would you like to com e................. a party on Saturday?
5 'Is Lisa home?' 'No, she's gone work.'
6 There were 20,000 people the football match.
7 Why did you go............. home early last night?
8 A boy jumped into the river and swam the other side.
9 There were a lot of people waiting...............the bus stop.
10 We had a good m eal........a restaurant,and then we went back.................................. the hotel.
Write to, at or in if necessary. One sentence is already complete,and no word is necessary.
1 I'm not going out this afternoon. I'm staying a t home.
2 We're going.................a concert tomorrow evening.
3 I w ent...............New York last year.
4 How long did you stay New York?
5 Next year we hope to go Canada to visit some friends.
6 Do you want to go...............the cinema this evening?
7 Did you park your car...............the station?
8 After the accident three people were taken hospital.
9 How often do you go the dentist?
10 'Is Sarah here?' 'No, she's Helen's.'
11 My house is the end of the street on the left.
12 I w ent...............Maria's house, but she wasn't...................home.
13 There were no taxis, so wehad to w alk home.
14 'Who did you m eet...............the party?' 'I didn't go the party.'
Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete, and no word is
necessary.
1 What time do you usually get work? 4 When did you arrive London?
2 What time do you usually get home? 5 What time does the train get Paris?
3 What time did you arrive the party? 6 We arrived home very late.
Complete these sentences about yourself. Use to/in/at.
1 At 3 o'clock this morning I w as i.Qbed...........................................................................................................................
2 Yesterday I w ent..........................................................................................................................................................................
3 At 11 o'clock yesterday morning I w as......................................................................................................................
4 One day I'd like to go......................................................................................................................................................
5 I don't like going..............................................................................................................................................................
6 At 9 o'clock yesterday evening I w as..............................................................................................................

Unit
109 Aunder, behind, opposite etc
next to / beside / between / in front of / behind
A ! b ! • n
A is next to B. or A is beside B.
B is between A and C.
D is in front of B.
E is behind B.
also
A is on the left.
C is on the right.
B is in the middle (of the group).
opposite / in front of
A is sitting in front of E
A is sitting opposite C.
C is sitting opposite A.
by (= next to / beside)
2
2
8
by the window
under
rtf
under the table
above and below
A
O Our house is by the sea. (= beside the sea)
O Who is that man standing by the window?
O If you feel cold, why don't you sit by the fire?
B
A is above the line.
(= higher than the line)
B is below the line.
(= lower than the line)
O The cat is under the table.
O The girl is standing under a tree.
O I'm wearing a jacket under my coat.
g g j j j g r . : The pictures are
above the shelves.
The shelves are
m i M R below the pictures.
( up/over/through etc. -» Unit 110 by ■
» Unit 111

Exercises
Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences.
ALAN BECKY CARL
DANIELA FRANK
1 Carl is standing....behind.... Frank.
2 Frank is sitting......................... Emma.
3 Emma is sitting....................... Becky.
4 Emma is sitting....................... Daniela and Frank.
5 Daniela is sitting..................... Emma.
6 Frank is sitting......................... Carl.
7 Alan is standing...................... Daniela.
8 Alan is standing...................... left.
9 Becky is standing................... ...........middle.
ij- _
FIONA PAUL
1 The cat is under the table.
2 There is a big tree............................... the house.
3 The plane is flying...............................the clouds.
4 She is standing................................ the piano.
5 The cinema is...............................the right.
6 She's standing...............................the fridge.
7 The switch is...............................the window.
8 The cupboard is.................................the sink.
9 There are some shoes.................................the bed.
10 The plant is...............................the piano.
11 Paul is sitting...............................Fiona.
12 In Britain people drive.................................the left.
Write sentences about the picture.
PAUL S OFFICE
SUPERMARKET
THEATRE
1 (next to) Ihe.bank js.nexttotha.bppkshop,...............
2 (in front of) T h e.......................................................... in front of
BOOKSHOP,
BANK
3 (opposite)
4 (next to) ..
5 (above)
6 (between)
FOUNTAIN

Unit
1 1 0 up, over, through etc.
to
I
into (in)
on
u p |
over
along
past
O Jane is going to France next week.
O We walked from the hotel to the station.
O A lot of English words come from Latin.
O We jumped into the water.
O A man came out of the house and got
into a car.
O Why are you looking out of the window?
O I took the old batteries out of the radio.
We say put something in ... (not usually into):
O I put new batteries in the radio.
O Don't put your feet on the table.
O Please take your feet off the table.
O I'm going to hang some pictures on the wall.
O Be careful! Don't fall off your bike.
O We got on the bus in Princes Street.
O We walked up the hill to the house.
O Be careful! Don't fall down the stairs.
O The plane flew over the mountains.
O I jumped over the wall into the garden.
O Some people say it is unlucky to walk under
a ladder.
O A bird flew into the room through a
window.
O The old road goes through the village.
O The new road goes round the village.
O The bus stop is just round the corner.
O I walked round the town and took
some photographs.
You can also use around (= round):
O We walked around the town.
from
out of
cv
off
^ o w n |
round
round the town
O I was walking along the road with my dog.
O Let's go for a walk along the river.
O The dog swam across the river.
O They walked past me without speaking.
O a: Excuse me, how do Iget to the hospital?
b
: Go along this road, past the cinema,
under the bridge and the hospital is on
the left.
hospital
cinema
bridge
( get in/on etc. Unit 56 in/on Units 106-107 to Unit 108 fall off / run away etc. Unit 114 )

-
...GO'paet...
the church. this street
the bridge. the the steps.
Exercises
Somebody asks you how to get to a place.
You say which way to go. Look at the pictures
and write sentences beginning Go . . . .
The dog swam ...across....the river. 6 Suddenly a car came
A book fell .....................the shelf. 7 They drove....................
A plane flew ........................the village. 8 They got.........................
A woman got ........................... the car. 9 The moon travels
A girl ran............. .................the road. 10 They got.......................t
Complete the sentences. Use over/from/into etc.
1 I looked.................................the window and watched the people in the street.
2 My house is very near here. It's ju st the corner.
3 'Where's my phone?' 'You put it your bag.'
4 How far is it ...............................here the airport?
5 We walked...............................the museum for an hour and saw a lot of interesting things.
6 You can put your coat.................................the back of the chair.
7 In tennis, you have to hit the ball.................................the net.
8 Silvia took a key.................................her bag and opened the door.

Unit
111 at by with about
on
on holiday
on television
on the radio
on the phone
on fire
on time (= not late)
Jane isn't at work this week. She's on holiday.
We watched the news on TV.
We listened to the news on the radio.
I spoke to Rachel on the phone last night.
The house is on fire! Call the fire brigade.
'Was the train late?' 'No, it was on time.'
at
at (the age of) 21 / at 50 kilometres an hour / at 100 degrees etc.:
O Lisa got married at 21. (or... at the age of 21.)
O A car uses more petrol at 120 kilometres an hour than at 90.
O Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
by
by car / by bus / by plane / by bike etc.:
O Do you like travelling by train?
O Jane usually goes to work by bike.
but on foot:
O You can't get there by car. You have to
go on foot. (= you have to walk)
a book by ... / a painting by ... / a piece of music
b y ... etc.:
O Have you read any books by Charles
Dickens?
O Who is that painting by? Picasso?
by after the passive (—
» Unit 21):
O I was bitten by a dog.
with/without
O Did you stay at a hotel or with friends?
O Wait for me. Please don't go without me.
O Do you like your coffee with or without milk?
O I cut the paper with a pair of scissors.
a man with a beard / a woman with glasses etc.:
O Do you know that man with the beard?
O I'd like to have a house with a big garden.
by bus
on foot
- thetitle
by
the writer
a man
with a beard
a woman
with glasses
W m
about
talk/speak/think/hear/know about...
O Some people talk about their work all the time.
O I don't know much about cars.
a book / a question / a programme / information (etc.) about...
O There was a programme about volcanoes on TV last night. Did you see it?
232 ( by Units 21, 63,109 at/on Units 103,106-107 preposition + -ing ^ Unit 112

Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use on + these words:
holiday the phone the radio TV time
1 We heard the news Qn th e ra d lo .....
2 Please don't be late. Try to be here........................................................................
3 I won't be here next week. I'm going........................................................................
4 'Did you see Linda?' 'No, but I talked to her.........................................................................'
5 'What's........................................................................this evening?' 'Nothing that I want to watch.'
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with at/by/with etc.
1 I cut the paper..with.....a pair of 6
scissors. 7
2 She usually goes to w ork car. 8
3 Who is the w om an short hair? 9
4 They are talking..............the weather. 10
5 The car is fire.
Complete the sentences. Use at/by/with etc.
She's listening to some m usic Mozart.
The plane is flying 600 miles an hour.
They're holiday.
Do you know the m an sunglasses?
He's reading a book.................grammar
Vera P. Bull.
1 In tennis, you hit the ball.................a racket.
2 It's cold today. Don't go o u t.................a coat.
3 Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth are plays William Shakespeare.
4 Do you know anything computers?
5 My grandmother died.................the age of 98.
6 How long does it take from New York to Los Angeles plane?
7 I didn't go to the football match, but I watched it .................TV.
8 My house is the one the red door on the right.
9 These trains are very fast. They can travel very high speeds.
10 I don't use my car very often. I prefer to go bike.
11 Can you give me some information............... hotels in this town?
12 I was arrested two policemen and taken to the police station.
13 TTie buses here are very good. ITiey're nearly always time.
14 What would you like to drink your meal?
15 We travelled from Paris to M oscow................train.
16 The museum has some paintings Rembrandt.

Unit afraid of..., good at... etc.
112 of/at/for etc. (prepositions) + -ing
A afraidof... /goodat... etc. (adjective + preposition)
WM
mm
Itfl
I
ppp.
■
■ j j |
M M i
■MMI
*
i n i
jggaMBgffi
'i
i|H P
■
afraidof... /scaredof...
an
gryw
ithsomebody
an
gryaboutsomething
d
ifferen
tfro
m...
or d
ifferen
tto...
fedu
pw
ith...
fu
ll of
goodat...
in
terestedin...
m
arriedto...
n
ice/kin
dofsomebody to ...
be n
ice/kin
dtosomebody
so
rryabouta situation
so
rryfor/aboutdoing something
be/feel so
rryfo
rsomebody
O Are you afraidofdogs?
O Why are you an
gryw
ithme? What have I done?
O Are you an
gryaboutlast night? (= something that
happened last night)
O Lisa is very d
ifferen
tfro
m(or to
)her sister.
O I'm fedu
pw
ithmy job. I want to do something different.
(= I've had enough of my job)
O The room was fu
ll ofp
eo
p
le.
O Are you goodatmaths?
O I'm not in
terestedinsport.
O Sue is m
arriedtoa dentist. (= her husband is a dentist)
O It was k
in
dofyou to help us. Thank you very much.
O David is very friendly. He's always very n
icetome.
O I'm afraid I can't help you. I'm so
rryaboutthat.
O I'm so
rryfor/aboutnot phoning you yesterday.
(or I'm sorry I didn't phone you)
O I feel so
rryfo
rthem. They are in a very difficult situation.
of/at/for(etc.) + -ing
After a preposition (o
f/at/fo
retc.), a verb ends in -in
g
:
I'm not very good at tellin
g stories.
Are you fed up w
ith doin
g the same thing every day?
I'm sorry fo
r not ph
on
in
g you yesterday.
Thank you fo
r h
elp
in
g me.
Mark is thinking of bu
yin
g a new car.
Tom left w
ithout sayin
g goodbye. (= he didn't say goodbye)
A
fter doin
g the shopping, they went home.
234 ( before/after -ing ^ Unit 105 think about/of-» Unit 113
3

Exercises
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with of/with/in etc.
1 He's afraid o f dogs.
2 She's interested science.
3 She's married a footballer.
Complete the sentences with in/of/with etc.
I speak German,
Russian,
Spanish ...
4 She's very good languages.
5 He's fed u p the weather.
6 a: Can I help you?
b: Thanks, that's very kind you.
1 I'm not interested in sport.
2 I'm not very good.......................sport.
3 I like Sarah. She's always very kind.........................me.
4 I'm sorry.......................your broken window. It was an accident.
5 He's very brave. He isn't scared.........................anything.
6 It was very nice.......................Jane to let us stay in her apartment.
7 Life today is very different.........................life 50 years ago.
8 Are you interested.........................politics?
9 I feel sorry.........................her, but I can't help her.
10 Chris was angry.........................what happened.
11 These boxes are very heavy. They are full.........................books.
12 I'm sorry.......................getting angry..........................you yesterday.
1 I'm not very QQodat teKng stories, (good/tell)
2 I wanted to go to the cinema, but Paula wasn't............................................................................... (interested/go)
3 Sue isn't very up in the morning, (good/get)
4 Let's go! I'm ................................................................................................ (fed up / wait)
5 I'm ............................................................................................... you up in the middle of the night, (sorry/wake)
6 Sorry I'm late! .................................................................................................. (thankyou / wait)
Complete the sentences. Use without -ing.
1 (Tom left / he didn't say goodbye)
2 (Sue walked past me / she didn't speak)
Sue walked.......................................................................
3 (Don't do anything / ask me first)
Don't...................................................................................
Tom laft. without saying goodbye.
4 (I went out / 1didn't lock the door)
I .............................................................,....
Write sentences about yourself.
(interested)
(scared)
(not very good)
(not interested)
(fed up)
I’mj
I'm ...................................................
I'm n o t..........................................

Unit
113 listen to ..., look at ,. etc. (verb + preposition)
ask (somebody) fo r...
belong to ...
happen to ...
listen to ...
talk to somebody (about...)
speak to somebody (about...)
thank somebody fo r...
think about... or think of
wait fo r...
O Don't ask me for money. I don't have any.
O This house doesn't belong to me. (= it's not mine)
O I can't find my phone. What's happened to it?
O Listen to this music. It's great.
O Did you talk to Paul about the problem?
O Id like to speak to the manager, please.
O Thank you very much for your help.
O He never thinks about (or of) other people.
O Mark is thinking of (or about) buying a car.
O Wait for me. I'm nearly ready.
Note that we say call/phone/text/email somebody (no preposition):
O I have to phone my parents today.
(not phone to my parents)
O Shall I text you or email you?
look at / look for / look after
look a t ...
look fo r...
(= try to find)
O He's looking at his watch.
O Look at these flowers! They're beautiful.
O Why are you looking at me like that?
O She's lost her key. She's looking for it.
O I'm looking for Sarah. Have you seen her?
look after...
(= take care of, keep safe) O When Emily is at work, a friend of hers
looks after her children.
O Don't lose this book. Look after it.
(= Keep it safe.)
depend
We say depend on ...
O a: Do you like eating in restaurants?
b
: Sometimes. It depends on the restaurant, (not it depends of)
You can say it depends what/where/how (etc.) with or without on:
O a: Do you want to come out with us?
b
: It depends where you're going, or It depends on where you're going.
236 ( wait -» Unit 54 preposition + -ing ^ Unit 112 )

Exercises
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with to/for/at etc.
1 She's looking & her watch. 4 Paul is talking...................Jane.
2 He's listening the radio. 5 They're looking...................a picture.
3 They're waiting...............a taxi. 6 Sue is looking...................Tom.
Complete the sentences with to/for/about etc. Two sentences are already complete, and no word
is necessary.
1 Thank you very m uch fo r your help.
2 This isn't my umbrella. It belongs a friend of mine.
3 I saw Steve, but I didn't speak him.
4 Don't forget to phone your mother tonight.
5 Thank you the present. It was lovely.
6 What happened..................Ella last night? Why didn't she come to the party?
7 We're thinking.................going to Australia next year.
8 We asked the waiter coffee, but he brought us tea.
9 'Do you like reading books?' 'It depends the book.'
10 John was talking, but nobody was listening what he was saying.
11 We waited Karen until 2 o'clock, but she didn't come.
12 I texted Lisa to tell her I would be late.
13 He's alone all day. He never talks anybody.
14 'How much does it cost to stay at this hotel?' 'It depends...............the type of room.'
15 Catherine is thinking changing her job.
Complete these sentences. Use at/for/after.
1 I looked.........................the letter, but I didn't read it carefully.
2 When you are ill, you need somebody to look.......................you.
3 Excuse me, I'm looking.........................Hill Street. Is it near here?
4 Bye! Have a great holiday and look.......................yourself.
5 I want to take a picture of you. Please look.........................the camera and smile.
6 Ben is looking a job. He wants to work in a hotel.
Answer these questions with It depends . . . .
.___________________________________ y L
Do you want to go out with us?
Do you like eating in restaurants?
Do you enjoy watching TV?
Can you do something for me?
Are you going away this weekend?
Can you lend me some money?
!t depends ^
jt.dapend5.pntha.nestaurant....
It depends...................................................
It........................................................................

go in, fall off, run away etc.
1 1 4 (phrasal verbs 1)
A phrasal verb is a verb (go/look/be etc.) + in/out/up/down etc
O I waited outside the shop. I didn't go in.
O Sarah opened the door of the car and
got in. (= into the car)
on
GET ON i
O The bus came, and I got on.
up
t
STAND UP
O He stood up and left the room.
O I usually get up early. (= get out of
bed)
O We looked up at the stars in the sky.
away or off
RUN AWAY
O The thief ran away, (or ... ran off)
O Emma got into the car and drove away.
(o r... drove off)
be/go away (= in/to another place)
O Tom has gone away for a few days.
over
CLIMB OVER TURN OVER
O ITie wall wasn't very high, so we
climbed over.
Turn over and look at the next page.
out
O I went to the window and looked out.
O The car stopped and a woman got out.
(= out of the car)
off FALL OFF
O Be careful! Don't fall off.
down
I
O The picture fell down.
O Would you like to sit down?
O Lie down on the floor.
back
co
COME BACK
O Go away and don't come back!
O We went out for dinner and then went
back to our hotel.
be back
O Tom is away. He'll be back on Monday.
round (or around)
c*.
O
O Somebody shouted my name, so I
looked round (or around).
O We went for a long walk. After an hour
we turned round (or around) and
went back.
238 ( get Unit 56 put on / take off etc. (phrasal verbs 2) Unit 115 more phrasal verbs Appendix 6 )

Exercises
itm Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these verbs + in/out/up etc.
got got looked looked rode sat turned went
1 I went to the window and looked o u t 5 | said hello, and h e.........................
2 The door was open, so w e ........................................... 6 The bus stopped, and she........
3 He heard a plane, so h e................................................. 7 There was a free seat, so she...
4 She got on her bike and................................................ 8 A car stopped, and two men .
^ Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back etc.
1 'What happened to the picture on the wall?' 'Itfell...down........ ;
2 Wait a minute. Don't go.............................. I want toask yousomething.
3 Lisa heard a noise behind her, so she looked...............................to see what it was.
4 I'm going.................................now to do some shopping. I'llbe at 5 o'clock.
5 I'm feeling very tired. I'm going to lie................................on the sofa.
6 When you have read this page, turn................................and read the other side.
7 Mark is from Canada. He lives in London now,but he wants to go to Canada.
8 We haven't got a key to the house, so we can't get.................................
9 I was very tired this morning.I couldn't get...............................
10 a: When are you going.................................?
b: On the 5th. And I'm com ing on the 24th.
Before you do this exercise, study the verbs in Appendix 6 (page 250). Complete the sentences.
Choose a verb from the box + on/off/up etc. If necessary, put the verb into the correct form.
break
carry
fall
get
give
go
hold
slow
speak
take
wake
+ on/off/up/down/over
1 I went to sleep at 10 o'clock and woke .up at 8 o'clock the next morning.
2 'It's time to go.' '................................................................................a minute. I'm not ready yet.'
3 The train................................................................................and finally stopped.
4 I like flying, but I'm always nervous when the plane................................................................................
5 How are your children? How are they................................................................................at school?
6 It's difficult to hear you. Can yo u .....................................................................a little?
7 This car isn't very good. It has................................................................................many times.
8 When babies try to walk, they sometimes................................................................................
9 The hotel isn't far from here. If yo u ................................................................................along this road, you'll see it
on the left.
10 I tried to find a job, but I ................................................................................ It was impossible.
11 The fire alarm ..............................................................................and everyone had to leave the building.

Unit put on your shoes
115 (phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
240
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put on / take off etc) has an object For example:
verb object
put on your coat
verb object
takeoff your shoes
You can say: You can say:
put on your coat
or put your coat on or
But it/them (pronouns) always go before on/off e t c :
put it on (not put on it)
O It was cold, so I put on my coat.
or ... I put my coat on.
O Here's your coat. Put it on.
take off your shoes
take your shoes off
take them off (not take off them)
O I'm going to take off my shoes.
or ... take my shoes off.
O Your shoes are dirty. Take them off.
Some more phrasal verbs + object:
turn on / turn off (lights, machines, taps etc.):
O It was dark, so I turned on the light.
or ... I turned the light on.
O I don't want to watch this programme.
You can turn it off.
also switch on / switch off (lights, machines etc.):
O I switched on the light and switched off the television,
pick up / put down:
O Those are my keys on the floor.
Can you pick them up for me?
O I stopped reading and put my book
down.
or ... put down my book.
PICK UP
bring back / take back / give back / put back:
O You can take my umbrella, but please
bring it back.
O I took my new sweater back to the
shop. It was too small for me.
O I've got Rachel's keys. I have to give them
back to her.
O I read the letter and then put it back in
the envelope.
BRING BACK
[ go in / fall off etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 4Unit 114 more phrasal verbs + object Appendix 7

1 H e turned onthe light 4 She.
2 She............................................................................................... 5 He
Exercises
Look at the pictures. What did these people do?
3 H e................................................................................................. 6 She.........................................
You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
I turned on the radio.
He put on his jacket.
She..
picked up the phone.
They gave back the key.
Iturned the radio on.
He.
She took her glasses off.
We turned the lights off.
Iturned it on.
He.
Complete the sentences. Use these verbs with it or them,
bring back pick up switch off take back turn orr
1 I wanted to watch something on TV, so I Turned j t on
2 My new lamp doesn't work. I'm going to ...............................................................................to the shop.
3 There were some gloves on the floor, so I .............................................................................. and put them on
the table.
4 The heating was on but it was too warm, so I ................................................................................
5 Thank you for lending me these books. I won't forget to ................................................................................
Before you do this exercise, study the verbs in Appendix 7(page 251).Complete the sentences.
Use a verb from the box. Sometimes you will also need touse it/them/me.
fill in knock down look up show round turn down
give up knock over put out throw away try on
1 They knocked a lot of houses down when they built the new road.
2 That music is very loud. Can yo u Turn j t down ?
3 I ..................................................................... a glass and broke it.
4 'What does this word mean?' 'Why don't yo u ........................................................................?'
5 I want to keep these magazines. Please don't.......................................................................
6 I ..................................................................... a pair of shoes inthe shop, but I didn't buy them.
7 I visited a school last week. One of the teachers........................................................................
8 'Do you play the piano?' 'No, I started to learn, but I ...................................................................after a month.
9 Somebody gave me a form and told me to ........................................................................
10 Smoking isn't allowed here. Please........................................your cigarette..........................................
2-

Essential Grammar in Use 4th Edition by R. Murphy.pdf

Appendix 1
Active and passive
active passive
present
simple
O We make butter from milk.
Somebody cleans these rooms
every day.
People never invite me to parties.
O How do they make butter?
O Butter is made from milk.
These rooms are cleaned every day.
I am never invited to parties.
O How is butter made?
past
simple
O Somebody stole my car last week.
O Somebody stole my keys yesterday.
O They didn't invite me to the party.
O When did they build these houses?
Q My car was stolen last week.
O My keys were stolen yesterday.
O I wasn't invited to the party.
O When were these houses built?
present
continuous
G ITiey are building a new airport at
the moment. (= it isn't finished)
3 They are building some new houses
near the river.
Q A new airport is being built at the
moment.
O Some new houses are being built
near the river.
past
continuous
O When I was here a few years ago,
they were building a new airport.
(= it wasn't finished at that time)
O When I was here a few years ago, a
new airport was being built
present
perfect
O Look! They have painted the door.
O These shirts are clean. Somebody
has washed them.
O Somebody has stolen my cat
O Look! The door has been painted.
O These shirts are clean. They have
been washed.
O My car has been stolen.
past
perfect
Tina said that somebody had stolen
her car.
O Tina said that her car had been
stolen.
will / can / must / have to etc.
active passive
o Somebody will clean the office tomorrow. O TTie office will be cleaned tomorrow.
o Somebody must clean the office. o The office must be cleaned.
o I think they'll invite you to the party. o I think you'll be invited to the party.
o They can't repair my watch. o My watch can't be repaired.
o You should wash this sweater by hand. o This sweater should be washed by hand.
o They are going to build a new airport. o A new airport is going to be built.
o Somebody has to wash these clothes. o These clothes have to be washed.
o They had to take the injured man to o The injured man had to be taken to
hospital. hospital.
243

Appendix 2
List of irregular verbs (—
>Unit 24)
infinitive past simple past participle
be was/were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent
Some verbs can be regular (-ed) or irregular (-t):
infinitive past simple / past participle
burn burned or burnt
dream dreamed or dreamt
infinitive past simple past participle
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read (reed)* read (red)* read (red)*
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
* pronunciation
infinitive past simple / past participle
learn learned or learnt
smell smelled or smelt
244

Appendix 3
Irregular verbs in groups
The past simple and past participle are the same: The past simple and past participle are different:
cost -> cost
cut —> cut
hit hit
hurt -> hurt
let —> let
put —
> put
shut —» shut
lend —> lent
send -> sent
spend -> spent
build —> built
burn -> burnt
learn —> learnt
smell —> smelt
lose
shoot
get
light
sit
—>
lost
shot
-> got
-> lit
—
» sat
keep
sleep
kept
slept
feel —> felt
leave —
> left
meet met
dream —> dreamt (dremt)*
mean meant (ment)*
bring —> brought (brort)*
buy -» bought (bort)*
fight —
> fought (fort)*
think —
> thought (thort)*
catch —
» caught (kort)*
teach taught (tort)*
sell —
> sold
tell —
> told
find found
have -> had
hear -> heard
hold -> held
read -> read (red)*
say -> said (sed)*
pay —
> paid
make —
> made
stand —> stood
understand —> understood
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
speak —> spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
wake -> woke woken
drive —> drove driven
ride -» rode ridden
rise -> rose risen
write wrote written
beat —> beat beaten
bite —
> bit bitten
hide —> hid hidden
eat —> ate eaten
fall fell fallen
forget forgot forgotten
give -> gave given
see saw seen
take took taken
blow —> blew blown
grow -> grew grown
know -> knew known
throw -> threw thrown
fly —> flew flown
draw drew drawn
show -> showed shown
begin —> began begun
drink —> drank drunk
swim —> swam swum
ring -> rang rung
sing -> sang sung
run -> ran run
come came come
become —> became become
* pronunciation

Appendix 4
Short forms (he's / I'd / don't etc.)
In spoken English we usually pronounce 'I am' as one word. The short form (I'm) is a way of writing
this:
I am —> I'm o
it is —> it's o
they have -4 they've o
etc.
When we write short forms, we use' (an apostrophe):
IX m —H'm he^ -^ he's you Mve —» you've she Mil -4 she'll
am -> 'm I'm
is -> 's he's she's it's
are —> 're we're you're they're
have —> 've I've we've you've they've
has -> 's he's she's it's
had 'd I'd he'd she'd we'd you'd they'd
will -» 'II I'll he'll she'll we'll you'll they'll
would -> 'd I'd he'd she'd we'd you'd they'd
O I've got some new shoes.
O We'll probably go out this evening.
O It's 10 o'clock. You're late again.
's = is or has:
O She's going out this evening, (she's going = she is going)
O She's gone out. (she's gone = she has gone)
'd = would or had:
O a : What would you like to eat?
b: I'd like a salad please. (I'd like = I would like)
O I told the police that I'd lost my passport. (I'd lost = I had lost)
Do not use 'm/'s/'d etc. at the end of a sentence (—
» Unit 40):
O 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am.' (not Yes, I'm.)
O She isn't tired, but he is. (not he's)
c > We use short forms with l/you/he/she etc., but you can use short forms (especially's) with other
words too:
O Who's your favourite singer? (= who is)
O What's the time? (= what is)
O There's a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
O My sister's working in London. (= my sister is working)
O Paul's gone out. (= Paul has gone out)
O What colour's your car? (= What colour is your car?)
246

Negative short forms (—>Unit 43):
isn't (= is not) don't (= do not) can't (= cannot)
aren't (= are not) doesn't (= does not) couldn't (= could not)
wasn't (= was not) didn't (= did not) won't (= will not)
weren't (= were not) wouldn't (= would not)
hasn't (= has not) shouldn't (= should not)
haven't (= have not) mustn't (= must not)
hadn't (= had not)
O We went to her house, but she wasn't at home.
O 'Where's David?' 'I don't know. I haven't seen him.'
O You work all the time. You shouldn't work so hard.
O I won't be here tomorrow. (= I will not)
's (apostrophe + s)
's can mean different things:
(1) 's = is or has (—>section 4.2 of this appendix)
O It's raining. (= It is raining)
O It's stopped raining. (= It has stopped)
(2) let's = let us (—>Units 35, 53)
O It's a lovely day. Let's go out. (= Let us go out.)
(3) Kate's camera = her camera
my brother's car = his car
the manager's office = his/her office etc.
(—>Unit 64)
Compare:
O Kate's camera was very expensive. (Kate's camera = her camera)
□ Kate's a very good photographer. (Kate's = Kate is)
O Kate's got a new camera. (Kate's got = Kate has got)

Appendix 5
Spelling
Words + -s and -es (birds/watches etc)
noun + s (plural) (—>Unit 66)
bird —>birds mistake —>mistakes hotel —
» hotels
verb + s (he/she/it -s) (-» Unit 5)
think —» thinks live —>lives remember —
>remembers
but
+ es after -s / -sh / -ch / -x
bus —>buses pass —>passes
dish —>dishes wash —>washes
watch —>watches teach —>teaches
box —>boxes
also
potato —
» potatoes tomato —>tomatoes
do —>does go —
>goes
-f / -fe —» -ves
shelf —» shelves knife —>knives but roof —
>roofs
Words ending in -y (baby —
> babies / study —» studied etc.)
-y —>-ies
study —
» studies (not studys) family —
>families (not familys)
story —>stories city —» cities baby —>babies
try —
>tries marry —
>marries fly —
>flies
-y —
>-ied (—>Unit 11)
study —>studied (not studyed)
try —
>tried marry —» married copy —
>copied
-y -ier/-iest (-> Units 87, 90)
easy —
» easier/easiest (not easyer/easyest)
happy —
>happier/happiest lucky —
>luckier/luckiest
heavy —>heavier/heaviest funny —
>funnier/funniest
-y —
>-ily (—>Unit 86)
e a s y >easily (not easyly)
happy —
» happily heavy —>heavily lucky —>luckily
y does not change to i if the ending is -ay/-ey/-oy/-uy:
holiday —>holidays (not holidaies)
enjoy —>enjoys/enjoyed stay —>stays/stayed buy —» buys key —
>keys
but
say said pay —>paid (irregular verbs)
address —>addresses
finish —
>finishes
sandwich —>sandwiches
248

Appendix 5
-ing
Verbs that end in -e (make/write/drive etc.) —>-Xing:
make —
>making write —
>writing come —» coming dance —
>dancing
Verbs that end in -ie —>-ying:
lie —>lying die —>dying tie —>tying
stop —
>stopped big —
>bigger etc
Vowels and consonants:
Vowel letters: a e i o u
Consonant letters: b c d f g k l m n p r s t w y
Sometimes a word ends in a vowel + a consonant. For example: stop, big get.
Before -ing/-ed/-er/-est, p/g/t etc. become pp/gg/tt etc.
V = vowel
C = consonant
This does not happen
(1) if the word ends in two consonant letters (C + C):
C+C
help HE L P helping helped
work W O R K working, worked
fast FA S T faster fastest
(2) if the word ends in two vowel letters + a consonant letter (V + V + C):
V+V+C
need N E E D needing needed
wait W A I T waiting waited
cheap CH E A P cheaper cheapest
(3) in longer words (two syllables or more) if the last part of the word is not stressed:
stress
happen HAP-pen —> happening/happened (not happenned)
visit VIS-it —
> visiting/visited
remember re-MEM-ber —> remembering/remembered
but
prefer pre-FER (stress at the end) —>preferring/preferred
begin be-GIN (stress at the end) —
>beginning
(4) if the word ends in -y or -w. (At the end of words, y and w are not consonants.)
enjoy —>enjoying/enjoyed snow —
» snowing/snowed few fewer/fewest
For example:
stop ST
V+C
O P P -> PP stopping stopped
run R U N n —
> nn running
get G E T t -» tt getting
swim SW 1 M m —
» mm swimming
big B 1 G g ^ g g bigger biggest
hot H O T t tt hotter hottest
thin TH 1 N n —
> nn thinner thinnest

Appendix 6
Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc.)
This is a list of some important phrasal verbs (—» Unit 114).
on carry on = continue
O Don't stop working. Carry on. (= continue working)
O a : Excuse me, where is the station?
b: Carry on along this road and turn right at the lights. (=
also go on / walk on / drive on etc. = continue going!waMngldriving
O Don't stop here. Drive on.
come on = be quick
O Come on! Everybody is waiting for you.
get on = manage (in a job, at school, in an exam etc.)
O How was your exam? How did you get on?
(= how did you do?)
hold on = wait
O Can you hold on a minute? (= can you wait?)
off take off = leave the ground (for planes)
O The plane took off 20 minutes late, but
arrived on time.
go off = explode (a bomb etc.) or ring (an alarm,
an alarm clock etc.)
O A bomb went off and caused a lot of damage.
O A car alarm goes off if somebody tries to break into the car.
up give up = stop trying
O I know it's difficult, but don't give up.
(= don't stop trying)
grow up = become an adult
O What does your son want to do when he grows up?
hurry up = do something more quickly
O Hurry up! We haven't got much time.
speak up = speak more loudly
O I can't hear you. Can you speak up, please?
wake up = stop sleeping
O I often wake up in the middle of the night.
wash up = wash the plates etc. after a meal
O Do you want me to wash up?
( o r ... to do the washing-up?)
down slow down = go more slowly
O You're driving too fast. Slowdown!
break down = stop working (for cars, machines etc.)
O Sue was very late because her car broke down.
over fall over = lose your balance
O I fell over because my shoes were too big for me.
Continue along...)
etc.
TAKE OFF
GO OFF
GROW UP
WAKE UP
FALL OVER
WASH UP
BREAK DOWN

Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs +object
(put out a fire / give up your job etc.)
This is a list of some important phrasal verbs + object (—>Unit 115).
in/out fill in / fill out a form = complete aform
O Can you fill in th is form , please? or
Can you fill out th is form , please?
out
on
up
over
away
dow n
put out a fire, a cigarette etc. put out
O The fire brigade arrived and put the fire o u t
cross out a mistake, a word etc.
O If you make a mistake, cross it out.
try on clothes = put on clothes to see if theyfit you
O (in a shop) This is a nice jacket. Shall I try it on?
give up something = stop doing it
O Sue gave up her job when her baby was born. (= she stopped working)
O 'Are you still learning Italian?' 'No, I gave it up.'
look up a word in a dictionary etc.
O I didn't know the meaning of the word, so I looked it up in a dictionary.
turn up the TV, radio, music, heating etc. = make it louder or warmer
O Can you turn the radio up? I can't hear it.
w ake up somebody who is sleeping
O I have to get up early tomorrow. Can you w ake m e up at 6.30?
knock dow n a building = demolish it
O They are going to knock dow n the school
and build a new one.
turn dow n the TV, radio, music, heating etc.
= make it more quiet or less warm
O The music is too loud. Can you turn it dow n?
knock over a cup, a glass, a person etc.
O Be careful. Don't knock your cup over.
O There was an accident at the end of the road.
A man was knocked over by a car.
(or A man was knocked dow n by a car.)
CROSS OUT
‘r># >
TT
KNOCK OVER
KNOCK OVER Or
KNOCK DOWN
back
round/
around
th ro w aw ay rubbish, things you don't want
O These apples are bad. Shall I th ro w them away?
O Don't th ro w aw ay th at picture. I want it.
put something away = put it in the place where you usually keep it
O After they finished playing, the children put th eir toys away.
pay somebody back = give back money that you borrowed
O Thank you for lending me the money. I'll pay you back next week.
show somebody round/around = take somebody on a tour of a place
O We visited a factory last week. The manager show ed us round.
2

Additional exercises
List of exercises:
1-2 am/is/are Un ts 1-2
3 present continuous Un ts 3-4
4 present simple Un ts 5-7
5-7 present simple, am/is/are and have (got) Un ts 1-2, 5-7,9
8-9 present continuous and present simple Un ts 3-8
10-13 was/were and past simple Un ts 10-12
14 past simple and past continuous Un ts 11-14
15 present and past Un ts 3-14
16-18 present perfect Un ts 15-19
19-22 present perfect and past simple Un ts 18-20
23 present, past and present perfect Un ts 3-20
24-27 passive Un ts 21-22
28 future Un ts 25-28
29 past, present and future Un ts 3-20, 25-28
30-31 past, present and future Un ts 3-22, 25-28, 52, 54,98,105
32 -ing and t o ... Un ts 51-55,105,112
33-34 a and the Un ts 65,69-73
35 prepositions Un ts 103-108,111
Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + is/isn't/are/aren't.
Cm m
Units 1-2
The windows
-Usa-
Kate
The children
Gary
The books
The hotel
The bus
on the table
hungry
asleep
open
full
near the station
a doctor
happy
1 The. windows, are, open.,
2 Usajsjrt.happy.............
3 Kate.................................................
4 ...................................................
5 ............................................................
6 .....................................................
7 ............................................................
8 ........................................................
252

1 'Are you hungry?' 'No, b ut...to thirsty.'
2 ' How are......your parents?' 'They're fine.'
3 'Is Anna at home?'......'No,...............................................at work.'
4 '................................................................my keys?' 'On your desk.'
5 Where is Paul from? ................................................American or British?
6 .............................................very hot today. The temperature is 38 degrees.
7 'Are you a teacher?'....'No,.................................................a student.'
8 '............................................................................... your umbrella?' 'Green.'
9 Where's your car? ...............................................in the car park?
10 '................................................tired?' 'No, I'm fine.'
11 'These shoes are nice. H ow .............................................................................. ?' 'Sixty pounds.'
present continuous (I'm working / are you working? etc.) Units 3-4
Use
1 A
B
4 A
B
5 A
B
6 A
B
7 A
the words in brackets to write sentences.
Where are your parents?
Theyre watching. TV.......................................................................... (they / watch / TV)
Paula is going out.
Wher&s she going?........................................................................... (where / she / go?)
Where's David?
(he / have / a shower)
(the children / play?)
?
No, they're asleep.
?
No, not at the moment.
Where are Sue and Steve?
?
(it / rain?)
(they / come / now)
(why / you / stand / here?)
(I / wait / for somebody)
present simple (I work / she doesn't work / do you work? etc.) Units 5-7
Complete the sentences. Use the present simple.
1 S u e a jw ay sg ats to work early.
2 Wedon’t watch t v very often.
3 How often doypu wash your hair?
4 I want to go to the cinema, but................................................................................to go.
5 .............................................................................................. to go out tonight?
6 .............................................................................................. near here?
7 .............................................................................................. a lot of people.
8 I enjoy travelling, but................................................................................very much.
9 What tim e................................................................................................in the morning?
10 My parents are usually at home in the evening.
very often.
11 ............................................................................................. work at five o'clock.
12 a: W hat................................................................................................?
b: in a hotel.
(Sue / always / get)
(we / not / watch)
(you / wash)
(Sam / not / want)
(you / want)
(Helen / live)
(Sarah / know)
(I / not / travel)
(you / usually / get up)
(they / not / go out)
(Tom / always / finish)
(Jessica / do)
(she / work)
253

present simple, am/is/are and have (got) Units 1-2, 5-7,9
Read the questions and Clare's answers. Then write sentences about Clare.
1
r
Are you married? 1
2 Do you live in London? Yes. Clare 2
3 Are you a student? Yes. 3
4 Have you got a car? No. t 4
5 Do you go out a lot? Yes. 5
6 Have you got a lot of friends? Yes. 6
7 Do you like London? No. ( 7
8 Do you like dancing? Yes. 8
9 Are you interested in sport?
v-----------------------------------y
JM o.J 9
.She isn’t .married.
She lives in London.
Complete the questions.
________
.Whats.your name..
W here.
How.
?
married?
?
any children?
Ben.
Yes, I am.
In Barton Road.
Yes, a daughter.
She's three.
_ S
1
1
..................... your job?
..............................a car?
. to work by car?
I'm 29.
I work in a supermarket.
No, I hate it.
Yes, I have.
No, I usually go by bus.
Write sentences from these words. All the sentences are present.
1 Sarah often / tennis
2 my parents / a new car
3 my shoes / dirty
4 Sonia / 32 years old
5 I / two sisters
6 we often / TV in the evening
7 Amy never / a hat
8 a bicycle / two wheels
9 these flowers / beautiful
10 Em m a/Germ an very well
Sarah.pf^n.pjays tannic,............
My parents have.got a new can.
My.shoes are dirty.........................
Sonia.................................................................
s ----------------------
Whojo this man That's my brother.
Michael.
He's a travel agent.
No, in Manchester.
in London?
254

Doyou. often go....
(you/often/go) to the
cinema?
Please be quiet.
.I’m working. (|/work).
(you/cook)?
.....................................(it/rain).
Can I take this umbrella?
now. Goodbye!
What's this word? How
(we/look) for
(l/not/watch) TV very much.
(you/pronounce) it?
the museum.
present continuous (I'm working) and present simple (I work) Units 3-8
Which is right?
1 ' Arc you speaking / Do you speak English?' 'Yes, a little.' (Do you speak right)
2 Sometimes we're going / we go away at weekends.
3 It's a nice day today. The sun is shining/shines.
4 (You meet Kate in the street.) Hello, Kate. Where are you going / do you go?
5 How often are you going / do you go on holiday?
6 Emily is a writer. She's writing / She writes books for children.
7 I'm never reading / 1never read newspapers.
8 ‘Where are Mark and Laura?' 'They're watching / They watch TV in the living room.'
9 Helen is in her office. She's talking / She talks to somebody.
10 What time are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
11 Joe isn’t at home at the moment. He's visiting / He visits some friends.
12 'Would you like some tea?' 'No. thank you. I'm not drinking / 1don't drink tea.'
255

was/were and past simple (I worked / did you work? etc.) Units 10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only.
1 I got up early and had a shower.
2 Tom was tired last night, so h e to bed early.
3 I ...............................................this key on the floor. Is it yours?
4 Kate got married when she................................................23.
5 Helen is learning to drive. She................................................ her first lesson yesterday.
6 Tve got a new job.' 'Yes, I know. David...............................................me.'
7 'Where did you buy that book?' 'It was a present. A m y................................................ it to me.'
8 W e ...............................................hungry, so we had something to eat.
9 'Did you enjoy the film?' 'Yes, I ................................................ it was very good.'
10 'Did Andy come to your party?' 'No, w e ...............................................him, but he didn't come.'
Look at the questions and Joe's answers. Write sentences about Joe when he was a child.
JS Joe
r
When you were a child ...
Were you tall? No.
Did you like school? Yes.
Were you good at sport? Yes.
Did you play football? Yes.
Did you work hard at school? No.
Did you have a lot of friends? Yes.
Did you have a bike? No.
^ Were you a quiet child?^ No.
jew a en tta l...
He.liked.schopL.
H e.................................
Complete the questions.
. Djdyou.have a nice holiday?
Wheredid.youjp ?
........................................................there?
.........................................Amsterdam?
?
........................................................good?
........................................................ back?
Yes, it was great, thanks.
To Amsterdam.
Five days.
Yes, very much.
I have friends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with them.
Yes, it was warm and sunny.
Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative or question).
It was a good party. L&njpyed it. (I / enjoy)
' Pidypudp the shopping?' (you / do) 'No, [didn't.have...... time.' (I / have)
'Did you phone Adam?' 'No, I'm afraid..........................................................................................' (I / forget)
I like your new watch. W here it? (you / get)
I saw Lucy at the party, but.........................................................................................to her. (I / speak)
a : ........................................................................................a nice weekend? (you / have)
b: Yes, I went to stay with some friends of mine.
Paul wasn't well yesterday, so ........................................................................................to work, (he / go)
'Is Mary here?' 'Yes,.........................................................................................five minutes ago.' (she / arrive)
W here.........................................................................................before he moved here? (Robert / live)
The restaurant wasn't expensive.................................................................................. very much, (the meal / cost)
9
10
256

past simple (I worked) and past continuous (I was working)
Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous.
Units 11-14
I ................................................ (open) the window
because it was hot.
The doorbell................................................ (ring) when
Sue................................................(cook).
TO M
. (hear) a noise outside, Tom .
so I ................................................ (look) out of the
window.
out of the window when the accident
. (happen).
RICHARD
CATHERINE
Richard had a book in his hand, but he Catherine bought a magazine, but she
......................................................................(not/read) it. He .............................................................................(not/read) it.
................................................................................. (watch) TV. She didn't have time.
.... (finish) my meal, I ................................................(see) Kate this morning.
. (pay) the bill and I ................................................(walk) along the street
. (leave) the restaurant. and she................................................ (wait) for the bus.
It was raining. (rain) when we
went (go) out.
When I arrived at the office, Lisa and Paul
........................................................... (work) at their desks.
257

present and past Units 3-14
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms:
present simple (I work/drive etc) present continuous (I am working/driving etc)
past simple (I worked/drove etc) past continuous (I was working/driving etc)
1 You can turn off the television. I [WMOtwatchlnq....(not/watch) it.
2 Last night Jenny M l (fall) asleep while she was reading (read).
3 Listen! Somebody........................................................................(play) the piano.
4 'Have you got my key?' 'No, I ...................................................................... (give) it back to you.'
5 David is very lazy. H e..................................................................... (not/like) hard work.
6 W here......................................................................(your parents / go) for their holidays last year?
7 I ........................................................................(see) Laura yesterday. She........................................................................(drive)
her new car.
8 a : ........................................................................(you/watch) TV much?
b: No, I haven't got a TV.
9 a : W hat (you/do) at 6 o'clock last Sunday morning?
b: I was in bed asleep.
10 Andy isn't at home very much. H e........................................................................(go) away a lot.
11 I ........................................................................(try) to find a job at the moment. It's not easy.
12 I'm tired this morning. I ........................................................................(not/sleep) very well last night.
present perfect (I have done / she has been etc.) Units 15-19
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
T lT (Goodbve. Tom^ 5 ™ te
s^ | (Who's that man?
I ^ £s Tom at home?^
(A re you still watching the film?')
— ------------------------------
258

More coffee?
Bookshop
her?jf^
Im looking for Jessica
this good book? Id
don know, she here
Yes was
few minutes ago
to Sweden?J
(
11)
PAUL
Paul was asleep in the armchair.
He...................................................... up
Since 2010
.........................................here? I
■1 1 1 1 i T f m i n i
ALAN
The weather is horrible here
Yes, we......................................
each other for a long time.
thanks
No
enough
W
later
We
the cinema
there
Yes went
few years ago
STEVE
Where are
Steve and Jane?
Enjoy the party!
259

O Complete the sentences (1, 2 or 3 words).
1 Mark and Sarah are married. They..haye been.......married for five years.
2 David has been watching T V since 5 o'clock.
3 Joe is at work. H e....................................................................at work since 8.30.
4 'Have you just arrived in London?' 'No, I've been here...................................................
5 I've known Helen........................................................................we were at school together.
6 'My brother lives in Los Angeles.' 'Really? How long.....................................................
7 George has had the same jo b ........................................................................20 years.
8 Some friends of ours are staying with us at the moment. They.................................
since Monday.
Complete the sentences. Write about yourself.
1 I've never nddenahgree.......
2 I've been, to London many times.
3 I've ju st.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 I've (once / twice / a few times / many times)
5 I haven't...................................................................................................................................................................................................yet.
6 I've never........................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 I've..............................................................................................since...........................................................................................................
8 I've..............................................................................................fo r................................................................................................................
.... five days.'
there?'
.................... here
present perfect (I have done etc.) and past simple (I did etc.) Units 18-20
Present perfect or past simple? Complete the sentences (positive or negative).
1 a: Do you like London?
b: I don't know. I haven't been there.
2 a : Have you seen Kate?
b: Yes, I saw her five minutes ago.
3 a : That's a nice sweater. Is it new?
b: Yes, I ...........................................................it last week.
4 a: Are you tired this morning?
b: Yes, I ..........................................................to bed late last night.
5 a : Do you want this newspaper, or can I have it?
b: You can have it. I ...........................................................it.
6 a: Are you enjoying your new job?
b: I ......................................................... yet. My first day is next Monday.
7 a : The weather isn't very nice today, is it?
b: No, but it...........................................................nice yesterday.
8 a : Was Helen at the party on Saturday?
b: I don't think s o . I ...........................................................her there.
9 a: Is your son still at school?
b: No, he...........................................................school two years ago.
10 a: Is Silvia married?
b: Yes, she...........................................................married for five years.
11 a: Have you heard of George Washington?
b: Of course. He..........................................................the first President of the United States.
12 a: How long does it take to make a pizza?
b: I don't know. I ..........................................................a pizza.
260

n Write sentences with the present perfect or past simple.
1 a: Have you been to Thailand?
b: Yes, I went there ia s ty e a r (I / go / there / last year)
2 a: Do you like London?
b: I don't know. I.Ve never been there, (| / never / there)
3 a: What time is Paul going out?
b: ............................................................................................................................................................................... (he/ already / go)
4 a: Has Catherine gone home?
b: Yes, (she / leave / at 4 o'clock)
5 a: New York is my favourite city.
b: Is it? ............................................................................................................................ ? (how many times / you / there?)
6 a: What are you doing this weekend?
b: I don't know. ................................................................................................................................... (I / not / decide / yet)
7 a: I can't find my address book. Have you seen it?
b: (it / on the table / last night)
8 a: Do you know the Japanese restaurant in Leeson Street?
b: Yes,............................................................................................................................................... (I / eat / there a few times)
9 a: Paula and Sue are here.
b: Are they? ..............................................................................................................................? (what time / they / arrive?)
Present perfect or past simple? Complete the sentences.
1 a : ....Hayeyou.been.....to France? m
b: Yes, many times.
a: W hen...............................................the last time? ^ B
b: Two years ago. IB
FRANCE ^
r
ivh H
fll
z a: Is this your can r |gth|g
b: Yes, it is. I your car? T
a: H ow long.............................................................. it? ------
b: It’s new. I .............................................................. it yesterday.
3 a: Where do you live?
b: In Harold Street. £
a: H o w long..............................................................................there?
b: Five years. Before that.............................................................. M
l
in Mill Road. j ^ L J j
a: H o w long.............................................................. in Mill Road? | Tji
b: About three years. • (
f —
Where do
B 1you live?
4 a: What do you do? ^
B: I work in a shop. f t ,
a: H o w long..............................................................................there? Q t/Jfc
b: Nearly two years. 1 1 ^ j .
a: W hat.............................................................. before that? ■ Iyou do? J
b: I .............................................................. a taxi driver. B B Bf ^ ^
261

Write sentences about yourself.
1 (yesterday morning) 1was.iata.fo.r w o r k y e ^
2 (last night) ...............................................................................................
3 (yesterday afternoon) ...............................................................................................
4 (...daysago) ...............................................................................................
5 (last week).............................................................................................................................
6 (last year) ...............................................................................................
present, past andpresent perfect Units 3-20
Which is right?
1 ' Is Sue working? (C) ' 'No, she's on holiday.'
A Does Sue work? B Is working Sue? C Is Sue working? D Does work Sue?
2 'W here................................................................................?' 'In a village near London.'
A lives your uncle B does your uncle live C your uncle lives D does live your uncle
3 I speak Italian, b u t................................................................................French.
A I speak not B I'm not speaking C I doesn't speak D I don't speak
4 'Where's Tom?' '..............................................................................a shower at the moment.'
A He's having B He have C He has D He has had
5 W h y................................................................................angry with me yesterday?
A were you B was you C you were D have you been
6 My favourite film is Cleo's Dream.................................................................................... it four times.
A I'm seeing B I see C l was seeing D I've seen
7 I ............................. out last night. I was too tired.
A don't go B didn't went C didn't go D haven't gone
8 Tina is from Chicago. She................................................................................there all her life.
A is living B has lived C lives D lived
9 My friend forme when I arrived.
A waited B has waited C was waiting D has been waiting
10 'How long................................................................................English?' 'Six months.'
A do you learn B are you learning C you are learning D have you been learning
11 Paul is Canadian, but he lives in France. He has been there................................................................................
A for three years B since three years C three years ago D during three years
12 'What tim e................................................................................?' 'About an hour ago.'
A has Lisa phoned B Lisa has phoned C did Lisa phone D is Lisa phoning
13 W hat when you saw her?
A did Sue wear B was Sue wearing C has Sue worn D was wearing Sue
14 'Can you drive?' 'No,................................................................................a car, but I want to learn.'
A I never drive B I'm never driving C I've never driven D I was never driving
15 I saw Helen at the station when I was going to work this morning, but she
................................................................................me.
A didn't see B don't see C hasn't seen D didn't saw
262

Units 21-22, Appendix 1
f2TlM^
These houses wens.built (build) 20 years ago.
Before that there was a cinema here, but the
building (damage) in a fire
and had to ..................................................(knock down).
This bridge...............................................(build) in 1955.
It ..............................................................(use) by hundreds
of people every day. At the moment the bridge
...........................................................................(paint).
This street.....................................
Street. It used to ......................
James Street, but the name.
^(change) a few years ago.
. (call) Wilton
(call)
This is a bicycle factory. Bicycles..................................
.......................................................(make) here since 1971.
It's the largest bicycle factory in the country.
Thousands of bicycles.........................................................
(produce) here every year.
W e werajnyjte d (invite) to the party, but we didn't go.
The museum is very popular. Every year it .......................................................... (visit) by thousands of people.
Many buildings................................................................................(damage) in the storm last week.
A new road is going to ................................................................................(build) next year.
'Where's your jacket?' 'It (clean). It will be ready tomorrow.'
She's famous now, but in a few years her name w ill................................................................................(forget).
'Shall I do the washing-up?' 'No, it ................................................................................(already/do).'
8 Milk should................................................................................(keep) in a fridge.
9 ............................................................................................................(you/ever/bite) by a snake?
My bag (steal) from my car yesterday afternoon.
10
& Write a new sentence with the same meaning.
1 Somebody has stolen my keys.
2 Somebody stole my car last week.
3 Somebody has eaten all the bananas.
4 Somebody will repair the machine.
5 Somebody is watching us.
6 Somebody has to do the housework.
..Mykeys.haya.been stolen,.
My car.................................................
All th e..................................................
T h e ........................................................
W e .........................................................
T h e ........................................................
263

Active or passive? Complete the sentences.
1 They are buildjng (build) a new airport at the moment.
2 These shirts are clean now. They (wash).
3 'How did you fall?' 'Somebody................................................................................(push) me.'
4 'How did you fall?' 'I.................................. *........................................... (push).'
5 I can't find my bag. Somebody..............................................................................(take) it!
6 My watch is broken. It................................................................................(repair) at the moment.
7 W h o ................................................................................(invent) the camera?
8 W hen (the camera/invent)?
9 These shirts are clean now. They................................................................................(wash).
10 These shirts are clean now. I ..............................................................................(wash) them.
11 The letter was for me, so w h y................................................................................(they/send) it to you?
12 The information w ill (send) to you as soon as possible.
Units 25-28
Which is the best alternative?
1 WaVe.haying.(B) a party next Sunday. I hope you can come.
A We have B We're having C We'll have
2 Do you know about Karen?................................................................................her job. She told me last week.
A She leaves B She's going to leave C She'll leave
3 There's a programme on TV that I want to watch...................................................................................in
five minutes.
A It starts B It's starting C It will start
4 The weather is nice now, but I think................................................................................later.
A it rains Bit's raining C it will rain
5 'W hat................................................................................next weekend?' 'Nothing. I've got no plans.'
A do you do Bare you doing C will you do
6 'When you see Tina, can you ask her to phone me?' 'O K ,................................................................................her.'
A I ask B I'm going to ask CI'll ask
7 'What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?' '............................................................................tea, please.'
A I have B I'm going to have C I'll have
8 Don't take that magazine away. ................................................................................it.
A I read B I'm going to read C I'll read
9 Rachel is ill, so to the party tomorrow night.
A she doesn't come B she isn't coming C she won't come
10 I want to meet Sarah at the station. What tim e.............................................................................?
A does her train arrive B is her train going to arrive C is her train arriving
11 'Will you be at home tomorrow evening?' 'No.....................................................................................'
A I go out B I'm going out CI'll go out
12 '................................................................................you tomorrow?' 'Yes, OK.'
A Do I phone B Am I going to phone C Shall I phone
264

past, present and future
Units 3-20, 25-28
1 a : Ql.dy.QUQQ, (you/go) out last night?
b: No, ........................................................................(I/stay) at home.
a : W hat........................................................................(you/do)?
b: ........................................................................(I/watch) TV.
a : ........................................................................(you/go) out tomorrow night?
b: Yes,........................................................................(I/go) to the cinema.
a : Which film ........................................................................(you/see)?
b: ....................................................................(I/not/know).............................................................................(I/not/decide) yet.
b:
a :
b:
a :
b:
a :
b:
3 a : ...................................................................... (I/go) out with Chris and Steve this evening.
...................................................................... (you/want) to come with us?
b: Yes, where........................................................................(you/go)?
a : To the Italian restaurant in North Street...........................................................................(you/ever/eat) there?
b: Yes,........................................................................(I/be) there two or three times. In fact I
......................................................................(go) there last night, but I'd love to go again!
a : ...................................................................... (I/lose) my glasses again.
........................................................................(you/see) them?
b: ...................................................................... (you/wear) them
w hen........................................................................(I/come) in.
a : W ell,........................................................................(l/not/wear)
them now, so where are they?
b: ...................................................................... (you/look) in the kitchen?
a : N o, ........................................................................(I/go) and look now.
Are you on holiday here?
Yes, we are.
How long.................................
And how long...........................
Until the end of next week.
A n d ..................................................
Yes,....................................................
........................(you/be) here?
(we/arrive) yesterday.
..................................(you/stay)?
(you/like) it here?
(we/have) a wonderful time.
265

past, present and future Units 3-22, 25-28, 52, 54, 98,105
Rachel is talking about her best friend, Carolyn. Put the verbs in the correct form.
Carolyn
Rachel
Carolyn is my best friend I remember very well the first time
0 ).............................................................. (we/meet). It was our first day at secondary
school, and (2)................................................................(we/sit) next to each other for
the first lesson. (3)................................................................(we/not/know) any other
students in our class, and so (4)................................................................(we/become)
friends. We found that (5)................................................................(we/like) the same
things, especially music and sport, and so (6)..............................................................
(we/spend) a lot of time together.
(7) .............................................................. (we/leave) school five years ago, but
(s)...............................................................(we/meet) as often as we can. For the last
six months Carolyn (9) .............................................................. (be) in Mexico - at
the moment (10)................................................................(she/work) in a school as a
teaching assistant. (11)................................................................(she/come) back to
England next month, and when (12)................................................................(she/come)
back, (13) (we/have) lots of things to talk about.
(14)..............................................................(it/be) really nice to see her again.
Nick and his friend Jon are travelling round the world. Read the emails between Nick and his
parents, and put the verbs in the correct form.
&
c
Reply Reply All Forward Prim To Do
Dear Mum and Dad
We're in Los Angeles, the first stop on our round-the-world
trip! (1) We arrived. (we/arrive) here yesterday, and now
(2) .............................................................. (we/stay) at a hotel near the airport.
The flight was twelve hours, but (3) ..............................................................
(we/enjoy) it. (4)................................................................(we/watch) some
films and (5) .............................................................. (sleep) a few hours,
which is unusual for me - usually (6)..............................................................
(I/not/sleep) well on planes.
Today is a rest day for us and (7)................................................................
(we/not/do) anything special, but tomorrow
(8) ...............................................................(we/go) to Hollywood
(9)...............................................................(see) the film studios.
(10) .............................................................................. (we/not/decide) yet what
to do after Los Angeles. Jon (11) ................................................................(want)
to drive up the coast to San Francisco, but I'd prefer
(12) .............................................................. (go) south to San Diego.
I hope all is well with you - (13) ..............................................................
(I/send) you another email next week.
Love
Nick
Nick
I
PACIFIC
OCEAN
LOS ANGELES
SAN DIEGO
v .
MEXIG
266

® a
Delete Junk Reply Reply All Forward Print To Do
Dear Nick
Thanks for your mail. It's good to hear that (14) (you/have) a good time.
We're fine - Ellie and jo (15) (work) hard for their exams next month.
Dad has been busy at work and last week (16)................................................................(he/have) a lot of important
meetings. He's a little tired - I think (17).............................................................. (he/need) a good holiday.
Keep in touch!
Love
Mum
A month later...
. _ , ...
Hi Mum and Dad
(is ) (we/be) in California for a month now. (19)............................................... (we/get)
back to Los Angeles yesterday after (20)................................................................(see) many wonderful places.
I think the place (21)...............................................................(I/like) most was Yosemite National Park -
it's beautiful there and (22) (we/go) cycling a lot. The day before
(23).............................................................. (we/leave), jon (24) (have) an accident on
his bike. Luckily (25).............................................................. (he/not/injure), but the bike
(26).............................................................. (damage).
. (we/change) our travel plans since my last message: now
(27) .................................................................
(28) ...............................................................(we/leave) for Hawaii on Monday (not Tuesday).
(29) ...............................................................(we/stay) there for a week before (30)............................. (fly)
to New Zealand. (31)................................................................(that/be) different, I'm sure!
All the best to Ellie and Jo for their exams.
Love
Nick jo
f* rs a
...
O 8 J|^ Nr»- V w
1
- ____
Hi Nick
Have a good time in Hawaii! Ellie and Jo (32)................................................................(finish) their exams yesterday -
(33)...............................................................(I/let) you know when (34)................................................................(we/get) the
results.
We're all OK. Dad and I (35) (look) forward to our holiday
next month. (36) ................................................................(we/go) to Italy for two weeks -
(37)...............................................................(we/send) you an email from there.
Take care!
Love
Mum
J b
267

Units 51-55,105,112
Which is correct?
1 Don't forget to.sw itch .(B) off the light before you go out.
A switch B to switch C switching
2 It's late. I m ust..............................................................now.
Ago B to g o C going
3 I'm sorry, but I don't have tim e................................................................to you now.
A for talking B to talk C talking
4 Gary is always in the kitchen. He enjoys................................................................
A cook B to cook C cooking
5 We've decided..............................................................away for a few days.
A go B to g o C going
6 You're making too much noise. Can you please stop................................................................?
A shout B to shout C shouting
7 Would you like.............................................................and eat with us on Sunday?
A come B to come C coming
8 That bag is too heavy for you. Let m e................................................................you.
A help B to help C helping
9 There's a swimming pool near my house. I go................................................................everyday.
A to swim B to swimming C swimming
10 I need to go shopping.............................................................. some food.
A to buy B for buy C for buying
11 I'd love................................................................a car like yours.
A have B to have C having
12 Could yo u ................................................................me with this bag, please?
A help B to help C helping
13 I don't m ind.............................................................. here, but I'd prefer to sit by the window.
A sit B to sit C sitting
14 Do you w an t.............................................................. you?
A that I help B me to help C me helping
15 You should think carefully before an important decision.
A make B to make C making
16 I wasn't feeling very well, but the medicine made m e................................................................better.
A feel B to feel C feeling
17 Shall I phone the restaurant.................................................................a table?
A for reserve B for reserving C to reserve
18 Tom looked at me w ithout................................................................anything.
A say B saying C to say
268

Yes, but not
very well.
Can you play
B V°u Pass — 3— -p le a se T jjl^ p © C ave y°u gQt
Units 65,69-73
r * / r
No, I can't drive.
1 m t
What do you do?
Do you have any milk?
Yes, theres some in
© ■ ( What did you do last night?
I [ I don't feel very well.
Y I don't want to go to
THE END
Iwent to
;
Shall we walk home?
(s h a ll
No, lets get
What's the difference between those cars?
I'm interested in
Nothing, they're
269

Write a/an or the if necessary. If a/an/the are not necessary, leave an empty space (-).
1 Who is th e best player in your team?
2 I don't w atch z TV very often.
3 'Is there bank near here?' 'Yes, a t The end of this street.'
4 I can't ride horse.
5 sky is very clear tonight.
6 Do you live here, or are you................tourist?
7 What did you have fo r lunch?
8 Who w as first President o f United States?
9 I'm not feeling very good. I've got headache.
10 I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name. I can never remember names.
11 What time is next train to London?
12 Kate doesn't often send emails. She prefers to call people.
13 'Where's Sue?' 'She's in garden.'
14 Excuse me, I'm looking for................Majestic Hotel. Is it near here?
15 Gary was ill last week, so he didn't go to ................work.
16 Everest is highest mountain in world.
17 I usually listen to radio while I'm having breakfast.
18 I like sport. My favourite sport is basketball.
19 Emily is doctor. Her husband is art teacher.
20 My apartment is o n second floor. Turn left a t.................top o f stairs, and it's on
right.
21 A fter dinner, we watched TV.
22 Last year we had wonderful holiday in south o f France.
Units 103-108,111
Write a preposition (in/for/by etc.).
1 Helen is studying law a t
.
university.
2 What is the longest river Europe?
3 Is there anything TV this evening?
4 We arrived the hotel after midnight.
5 'Where's Mark?' 'He's....................holiday.'
6 Tom hasn't got up yet. He's still bed.
7 Lisa is away. She's been away.................Monday.
8 The next meeting is 15 April.
9 I usually go to w ork car.
10 There's too much sugar my coffee.
11 Joe lived in London six months. He didn't like it very much.
12 Were there a lot of people the party?
13 What are you doing the moment? Are you working?
14 I don't know any of the people.................this photo.
15 The train was very slow. It stopped every station.
16 I like this room. Ilike the pictures..................the walls.
17 'Did you buy that picture?''No, it was given to m e a friend of mine.'
18 I'm going away a few days. I'll be back.................Thursday.
19 Silvia has gone...............Italy. She's Milan at the moment.
20 Emma left school sixteen and got a jo b ................a shop.
270

Study guide
If you are not sure which units you need to study use this study guide.
You have to decide which alternative (A, B, C etc.) is right. SOMETIMES MORE THAN ONE ALTERNATIVE IS
CORRECT.
If you don't know (or if you are not sure) which alternatives are correct, study the unit (or units) on the right.
You will find the correct sentence in the unit.
The key to this study guide is on page 313.
1.12
1.13
. ?' 'No, she's out.'
A Is at home your mother B Does your mother at home
C Is your mother at home D Are your mother at home
These shoes are nice.
A How much are they? B How many are they? C How much they are?
D How much is they?
Look, there's Sarah.....................................................a brown coat.
A She wearing B She has wearing C She is wearing D She's wearing
You can turn off the television.....................................................it.
A I'm not watch B I'm not watching C I not watching D I don't watching
'...............................................today?' 'No,he's at home.'
A Is working Ben B Is work Ben C Is Ben work D Is Ben working
Look, there's Emily!
A Where she is going?
D Where she going?
The earth...............................................round the sun.
Agoing Bgo Cgoes D does go
W e...............................................away at weekends.
A often go Bgo often C often going
W e...............................................TV very often.
A not watch B doesn't watch C don't watch
D don't watching E watch not
'...............................................play the guitar?''Yes, but I'm not very good.'
A Do you play B Are you play C Does you play
D Do you playing E Play you
I don't understand this sentence. W hat................................................?
A mean this word B means this word C does mean this word
D does this word mean E this word means
271

Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
Please be quiet...................................................
A I working. B I work. C I'm working. D I'm work.
Tom a shower every morning.
A has B having C is having D have
W hat................................................at weekends?
A do you usually B are you usually doing C are you usually do
D do you usually do E you do usually
Sarah isn't feeling well.....................................................a headache.
A She have B She have got C She has D She's got
STUDY
UNIT
1.17
1.18
Past
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
They................................................any children.
A don't have B doesn't have C no have D haven't got E hasn't got
The weather................................................ last week.
A is good B was good C were good D good E had good
W h y...............................................late this morning?
A you was B did you C was you D you were E were you
Terry...............................................in a bank from 2005 to 2011.
A work B working C works D worked E was work
Caroline...............................................to the cinema three times last week.
A go B went C goes D got E was
C wasn't watched
2.7
2.8
2.9
Present
3.1
3.2
I .............................................. TV yesterday.
A didn't watch B didn't watched
D don't watch E didn't watching
'H ow ...............................................?' 'I don't know. I didn't see it.'
A happened the accident B did happen the accident
C does the accident happen D did the accident happen
E the accident happened
W hat...............................................at 11.30 yesterday?
A were you doing B was you doing C you were doing
D were you do E you was doing
Jack was reading a book when his phone.................................................
A ringing Bring C rang D was ringing E was ring
I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They................................................at the bus stop.
Awaiting B waited C were waiting D was waiting E were waited
perfect
'Where's Rebecca?' '................................................to bed.'
A She is gone B She has gone C She goes D She have gone
E She's gone
'Are Laura and Paul here?' 'No, they.................................................'
A don't arrive yet B have already arrived C haven't already arrived
D haven't arrived yet
272

Study guide
3.3 My sister................................................ by plane.
A has never travel B has never travelled C is never travelled
D has never been travelled E have never travelled
3.4 thatwomanbefore,butIcan't remember where.
A I see B I seen C I've saw D I've seen E I've seeing
3.5 'How long................................................ married?' 'Since 2007.'
A you are B you have been C has you been D are you E have you been
3.6 'Do you know Lisa?' 'Yes,................................................ her for a long time.'
A I knew B I've known C I know D I am knowing
3.7 Richard has been in Canada.................................................
A for six months B since six months C six months ago D in six months
3.8 'When did Tom go out?' '...............................................'
A For ten minutes. B Since ten minutes. C Ten minutes ago.
D In ten minutes.
3.9 W e................................................a holiday last year.
A don't have B haven't had C hasn't had D didn't have E didn't had
3.10 W here................................................on Sunday afternoon? I couldn't find you.
A you were B you have been C was you D have you been E were you
Passive
4.1 This house 100 years ago.
A is built Bis building C was building D was built E built
4.2 W e................................................to the party last week.
A didn't invite B didn't invited C weren't invited D wasn't invited
E haven't been invited
4.3 'W here................................................ born?' 'In Cairo.'
A you are B you were C was you D are you E were you
4.4 My car is at the garage. It.................................................
A is being repaired B is repairing C have been repaired D repaired
E repairs
4.5 I can't find my keys. I think..................................................
A they've been stolen B they are stolen C they've stolen
D they're being stolen
Verb forms
5.1 It , so we didn't need an umbrella.
A wasn't rained B wasn't rain C didn't raining D wasn't raining
5.2 Somebody................................................this window.
A has broke B has broken C has breaked D has break
STUDY
UNIT
273

Study guide
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
D Go you
.at 7.30.'
E starting
W hat...............................................to the wedding next week?
A are you wearing B are you going to wear C do you wear
D you are going to wear
I think Kelly................................................the exam.
A passes B will pass C will be pass D will passing
................................................to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to come with us?
A We go B We'll go C We're going D We will going
A I phone
A I work
.you tomorrow, OK?' 'OK, bye.'
B I phoning C I'm phoning D I'll phone
. tomorrow, so I can't meet you.
B I'll work C I'm working D I'll working
It's a nice day. ................................................for a walk?
A Do we go B Shall we go C Are we go D W ego
Modals,
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
imperative etc.
................................................to the cinema this evening, but I'm not sure.
B I'm going C I may go D I might go
.......................here?' 'Yes, of course.'
B Do I sit C May I sit D Can I to sit
A I'll go
A Can I sit
I'm having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel.
A can't come B can't to come C can't coming D couldn't come
Before Maria came to Britain, she................................................understand much English.
A can B can't C not D couldn't E doesn't
W e............
A have to
A must
............................... walk home last night. There were no buses.
B had to C must D must to E must have
.........................go yet. I can stay a little longer.
B mustn't C must not D don't need E don't need to
It's a good film. You................................................go and see it.
A should to B ought to C ought D should E need
What tim e.........
A you must
W e ..........................
A don't have to
E mustn't
......................................go to the dentist tomorrow?
B you have to C have you to D do you have to
.....................wait long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
B hadn't to C didn't have to D didn't had to
274

Study guide
7.10 '................................................some coffee?' 'No, thank you.'
A Are you liking B You like C Would you like D Do you like
7.11 Please.................................................. Stayhere with me.
A don't go B you no go C go not D you don't go
7.12 Dave................................................ in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket.
A working B works C worked Duse to work E used to work
There and it
3.1
8.2
Excuse m e,................................................a hotel near here?
A has there B is there C there is D is it
A Have
......................a lot of accidents on this road. It's very dangerous.
B It has C There have D They are E There are
I was hungry when I got home, but...............................................anything to eat.
A there wasn't B there weren't C it wasn't D there hasn't been
8.4
A It's B It has
. three kilometres from our house to the city centre.
C There is D There are
A Is there
Auxiliary verbs
true that you're going away?
B Is it C Is D Are you
I haven't got a car, but my sister...............................................
A have B is C has D hasn't E has got
I don't like hot weather, but Sue.
A does B doesn't C do D does like E likes
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
'Nicola got married last week.' '................................................ Really?'
A Is she? B Got she? C Did she? D Has she?
You haven't met my mother,................................................?
A haven't you B have you C did you D you have E you haven't
Ben doesn't watch TV. He doesn't read newspapers.................................................
A too B either C neither D never
'I'd like to go to Australia.'
A So do I. B So am I. C So would I. D Neither do I
Sue................................................ much at weekends.
A don't B doesn't C don't do D doesn't do
E So I would.
Questions
10.1 'When
10.2
.......................................?' 'I'm not sure. More than 100 years ago.'
A did the telephone invent B has the telephone invented
C was invented the telephone D was the telephone invented
E the telephone was invented
'I broke my finger last week.' 'H ow ................................................that?'
A did you B you did C you did do D did you do
STUDY
UNIT
275

Study guide
W hat................................................when you told him the story?
A said Paul B did Paul say C Paul said D did Paul said
'Toms father is in hospital.'
A In which hospital he is?
C Which hospital he is in?
Did you have a good holiday?
A How was the weather like?
C What the weather was like?
A Who is
. taller - Joe or Gary?
B What is C Which is D Who has
There are four umbrellas here.....................................................is yours?
A What B Who C Which D How E Which one
How long................................................to cross the Atlantic by ship?
A is it B does it need C does it take D does it want
I don't remember w hat................................................at the party.
A Kate was wearing B was wearing Kate C was Kate wearing
'Do you know ................................................?' 'Yes, I think so.'
A if Jack is at home B is Jack at home C whether Jack is at home
D that Jack is at home
Reported speech
I saw Steve a week ago. He said that................................................ me, but he didn't.
A he phone B he phones C he'll phone D he's going to phone
E he would phone
'Why did Tim go to bed so early?' 'H e.................................................'
A said he was tired B said that he was tired C said me he was tired
D told me he was tired E told that he was tired
-ing and to
..................... so hard.
C to work D worked
. now.
C have to going D have to go
You shouldn't...................
A working Bwork
It's late. I ..........................................
A must to go B have go
Tina has decided...............................................her car.
A sell B to sell C selling D to selling
I don't m ind................................................early.
A get up B to get up C getting up D to getting up
276

Study guide
I'm sorry I
A did B made
A Have you
Pronouns and possessives
I don't want this book. You can have
A it B them C her D him
Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. Do you want to go with
?
know Am y but I don't know
A their B his Cshe D her
Oxford is famous for
A his B its C it's
I didn't have an umbrella, so Sarah gave m e.
A her B hers C her umbrella D she's
I went out to meet a friend of
A mine B my C me D I
We had a good holiday. We enjoyed
A us B our C ours D ourself
Kate and Helen are good friends. They know
A each other B them C themselves D theirselves
277

Study guide
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11
16.12
This cup is dirty. Can I have................................................?
A clean one B a clean one C clean D a clean
I'm going shopping. I'm going to buy................................................clothes.
A any B some
'Where's your luggage?' 'I don't have
A one B some C any
Tracey and Jack.................................................
A have no children B don't have no children
C don't have any children D have any children
'How much money do you have?'
A No. B No-one. C Any. D None.
There is................................................in the room. It's empty.
A anybody B nobody C anyone D no-one
'What did you say?' '...............................................'
A Nothing. B Nobody. C Anything. D Not anything.
I'm hungry. I w ant.................................................
A something for eat B something to eat C something for eating
Ben watches TV for about two hours.................................................
A all evening B all evenings C all the evenings D every evenings
E every evening
................................................friends.
A Everybody need B Everybody needs C Everyone need D Everyone needs
16.13 children like playing.
A Most B The most C Most of D The most of
16.14
16.15
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19
like......
A both B both of
... those pictures.
C either D either of
E many of
haven't read..............................................these books.
A neither B neither of C either D either of
Do you have...............................................friends?
A a lot of B much C many D much of
We like films, so we go to the cinem a.................................................
A a lot of B much C many D a lot
There were................................................ people in the theatre. It was nearly empty.
A a little Bfew C little D a few of
They have................................................ money, so they're not poor.
A a little B a few C few D little E little of
279

Study guide
He ate his dinner very
A quick B quicker
You speak English very
A good B fluent Cwell
Helen wants
A a more big car
'Do you feel better today?' 'No, I feel
A good B worse C more bad
Athens is older................................................ Rome.
A as B than C that D of
I can run faster.................................................
A than him B that he can C than he can Das he can Eashe
Tennis isn't...............................................football.
A popular as B popular than C as popular than
Eas popular as
The weather today is the sam e................................................yesterday.
A as B that C than D like
The Europa Hotel is................................................. in the city.
A the more expensive hotel B the most expensive hotel
C the hotel most expensive D the hotel the more expensive
E the hotel more expensive
The film was very bad. I think it's th e................................................film I've ever seen.
A worse B baddest C most bad D worst E more worse
Why don't you buy a car? You've got.................................................
A enough money B money enough C enough of money
Is your English...............................................a conversation?
A enough good to have B good enough for have
D good enough to have
.............................................out.
A too tired for go B too much tired for going
D too much tired to go
C enough good for
C too tired to go
Word order
18.1 Sue................................................. They're very nice.
A bought yesterday some new shoes B bought some new shoes yesterday
C yesterday bought some new shoes
18.2 coffeein the morning.
I drink always B Always I drink C I always drink
280

Study guide
18.3
18.4
18.5 I locked the door and I gave
A Sarah the keys B to Sarah the keys C the keys Sarah
D the keys to Sarah
Conjunctions and clauses
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
I can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later w hen................................................ more time.
A I'll have B I had C I have D I'm going to have
A If I'm
. late this evening, don't wait for me.
B If I'll be C When I'm D When I'll be
I don't know the answer. If I ................................................the answer, I'd tell you.
A know B would know C have known D knew
like this jacket................................................... it if it wasn't so expensive.
A I buy B I'll buy C I bought D I'd bought E I'd buy
Emma lives in a house...............................................is 400 years old.
A who B that C which D it Ewhat
19.6
19.7
19.8
The people...............................................work in the office are very friendly.
A who B that C they D which Ewhat
Did you find the books...............................................?
A who you wanted B that you wanted C what you wanted
D you wanted E you wanted it
I m et................................................can speak six languages.
A a woman who B a woman which C a woman D a woman she
Prepositions
20.1 Bye! I'll see yo u............................
A until Friday B at Friday C in Friday D on Friday
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
Hurry! The train leaves................................................five minutes.
A at Bon Cfrom D after E in
'How long will you be away?' '................................................Monday.'
A On BTo C Until D Till E Since
We played tennis yesterday. We played................................................two hours.
A in B for C since D during
I always have breakfast before................................................ to work.
A lg o Bgo C to g o D going
Write your nam e................................................ the top of the page.
A at Bon C in D to
281

Study guide
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12
20.13
20.14
20.15
20.16
20.17
20.18
20.19
20.20
The office is...............................................the first floor.
A at Bon C in D to
I met a lot of people................................................the party.
A on B to C in D at
I want to go...............................................Italy next year.
A at Bon C in D to
What time did you arrive
A at B on C in D to
'Where is David in this picture?' 'He's...............................................Laura.'
A at front of B in the front of C in front of D in front from
I jum ped................................................the wall into the garden.
A o n B through Cacross Dover Eabove
Jane isn't at work this week. She's...............................................holiday.
A o n Bin C for D to Eat
Do you like travelling................................................?
A with train B with the train C in train D on train
I'm not very good................................................telling stories.
A o n Bw ith C a t D in Efor
Tom left without.
A say B saying C to say
. goodbye.
D that he said
have to phone................................................today.
A with my parents B to my parents C at my parents
'Do you like eating in restaurants?' 'It depends
the restaurant.'
A in Bat C o f D on Eover
Phrasal verbs
21.1
21.2
21.3
The car stopped and a woman got
A off B down C out D out of
It was cold, so I .................................................
A put on my coat B put my coat on
D put me the coat on
C put the coat on me
I've got Rachel's keys. I have to ................................................to her.
A give back B give them back C give back them D give it back
282

Key to Exercises
UNIT 1
1.1
2 they're
3 it isn't / it's not
4 that's
5 I'm not
6 you aren't / you're not
1.2
2 'm/am 6 are
3 is 7 is... are
4 are 8 'm/am ... is
5 's/is
1.3
2 I'm / 1am
3 He's / He is
4 they're / they are
5 It's /It is
6 You're / You are
7 She's / She is
8 Here's / Here is
1.4
Example answers:
1 My name is Robert.
2 I'm 25.
3 I'm from Australia.
4 I'm a gardener.
5 My favourite colours are
black and white.
6 I'm interested in plants.
1.5
2 They're / They are cold.
3 He's / He is hot.
4 He's / He is scared.
5 They're / They are hungry.
6 She's / She is angry.
1.6
2 It's/It is windy today, or It
isn't/it's not windy today.
3 My hands are cold, or My
hands aren't/are not cold.
4 Brazil is a very big country.
5 Diamonds aren't/are not
cheap.
6 Toronto isn't/is not in the US.
8 I'm/I am hungry, or I'm
not/l am not hungry.
9 l'm/l am a good swimmer.
or I'm not/l am not a good
swimmer.
10 l'm/l am interested in
football, or I'm not/l am
not interested in football.
UNIT 2
2.1
2 F 6 E
3 H 7 B
4 C 8 I
5 A 9 D
2.2
3 Is your job interesting?
4 Are the shops open today?
5 Where are you from?
6 Are you interested in sport?
7 Is the station near here?
8 Are your children at school?
9 Why are you late?
2.3
2 Where's / Where is
3 How old are
4 How much are
5 What's / What is
6 Who's / Who is
7 What colour are
2.4
2 Are you American?
3 How old are you?
4 Are you a teacher?
5 Are you married?
6 Is your wife a lawyer?
7 Where's/Where is she from?
8 What's/What is her name?
9 How old is she?
2.5
2 Yes, I am. or No, I'm not.
3 Yes, it is. or No, it isn't. / No,
it's not.
4 Yes, they are. or No, they
aren't. / No, they're not.
5 Yes, it is. or No, it isn't. / No,
it's not.
UNIT 3
3.1
2 's/is waiting
3 're/are playing
4 He's/He is lying
5 They're/They are having
6 She's/She is sitting
3.2
2 's/is cooking
3 're/are standing
4 's/is swimming
5 're/are staying
6 's/is having
7 're/are building
8 'm/am going
3.3
3 She's/She is sitting on the
floor.
4 She isn't/She's not reading a
book.
5 She isn't/She's not playing
the piano.
6 She's/She is laughing.
7 She's/She is wearing a hat.
8 She isn't/She's not drinking
coffee.
3.4
3 I'm sitting on a chair, or I'm
not sitting on a chair.
4 I'm eating, or I'm not
eating.
5 It's raining, or It isn't raining. /
It's not raining.
6 I'm learning English.
7 I'm listening to music, or
I'm not listening to music.
8 The sun is shining, or The
sun isn't shining.
9 I'm wearing shoes, or I'm
not wearing shoes.
10 I'm not reading a newspaper.
UNIT 4
4.1
2 Are you going now?
3 Is it raining?
4 Are you enjoying the film?
5 Is that clock working?
6 Are you waiting for a bus?
4.2
2 Where is she going?
3 What are you eating?
4 Why are you crying?
5 What are they looking at?
6 Why is he laughing?
4.3
3 Are you listening to me?
4 Where are your friends going?
5 Are your parents watching TV?
6 What is Jessica cooking?
7 Why are you looking at me?
8 Is the bus coming?
283

Key to Exercises
4.4
2 Yes, Iam. or No, I'm not.
4 Yes, it is. or No, it isn't. /
No, it's not.
UNIT 5
6.2
2 Kate doesn't like classical
music.
I like (or I don't like) classical
music.
3 Ben and Sophie don't like
boxing.
Kate likes boxing.
I like (or I don't like) boxing.
4 Ben and Sophie like horror
movies.
Kate doesn't like horror
movies.
I like (or I don't like) horror
movies.
5.1
2 thinks 5
3 flies 6
4 dances
5.2
2 live 5
3 She eats 6
4 He plays
5.3
2 open 7
3 closes 8
4 teaches 9
5 meet 10
6 washes
5.4
2 I never go to the cinema.
3 Martina always works hard.
4 Children usually like chocolate.
5 Jackie always enjoys parties.
6 I often forget people's names.
7 Sam never watches TV.
8 We usually have dinner at
7.30.
9 Kate always wears nice
clothes.
5.5
Example answers:
2 I sometimes read in bed.
3 I often get up before 7
o'clock.
4 I never go to work by bus.
5 I usually drink two cups of
coffee in the morning.
UNIT 6
6.1
2 Anna doesn't play the piano
very well.
3 They don't know my phone
number.
4 We don't work very hard.
5 He doesn't have a bath every
day.
6 You don't do the same thing
every day.
6.3
Example answers:
2 I never go to the theatre.
3 I don't ride a bike very often.
4 I never eat in restaurants.
5 I often travel by train.
6.4
2 doesn't use
3 don't go
4 doesn't wear
5 don't know
6 doesn't cost
7 don't see
6.5
3 don't know
4 doesn't talk
5 drinks
6 don't believe
7 like
8 doesn't eat
UNIT 7
7.1
2 Do you play tennis?
3 Does Lucy live near here?
4 Do Tom's friends play tennis?/
Do his friends play tennis? /
Do they play tennis?
5 Does your brother speak
English? / Does he speak
English?
6 Do you do yoga every
morning?
7 Does Paul go away a lot? /
Does he go away a lot? or
Does Paul go away much? /
Does he go away much?
8 Do you want to be famous?
9 Does Anna work hard? / Does
she work hard?
has
finishes
They go
He sleeps
costs
cost
boils
like... likes
7.2
3 How often do you watch TV?
4 What do you want for
dinner?
5 Do you like football?
6 Does your brother like
football?
7 What do you do in your free
time?
8 Where does your sister work?
9 Do you always have
breakfast?
10 What does this word mean?
11 Does it snow here in winter?
12 What time do you usually go
to bed?
13 How much does it cost to
phone New York?
14 What do you usually have for
breakfast?
7.3
2 Do you enjoy / Do you like
3 do you start
4 Do you work
5 do you go
6 does he do
7 does he teach
8 Does he enjoy / Does he like
7.4
2 Yes, I do. or No, I don't.
4 Yes, it does, or No, it
doesn't.
UNIT 8
8.1
2 No, she isn't.
Yes, she does.
She's playing the piano.
3 Yes, he does.
Yes, he is.
He's cleaning a window.
4 No, they aren't.
Yes, they do.
They teach.
8.2
2 don't 6 do
3 are 7 does
4 does 8 doesn't
5 's/is... don't
284

Key to Exercises
8.3
4 is singing
5 She wants
6 do you use
7 you're sitting
8 I don't understand
9 I'm going ... Are you coming
10 does your father finish
11 I'm not listening
12 He's/He is cooking
13 doesn't usually drive ...
usually walks
14 doesn't like ... She prefers
UNIT 9
9.1
3 He's got a new job.
4 Have you got an umbrella?
5 We've got a lot of work to do.
6 I haven't got your phone
number.
7 Has your father got a car?
8 How much money have we
got?
9.2
2 I don't have many clothes.
3 Does Tom have a brother?
4 How many children do they
have?
5 Do you have any questions?
6 Sam doesn't have a job.
9.3
2 He's got a bike, or He has a
bike.
3 He hasn't got a dog. or He
doesn't have a dog.
4 He's got a mobile phone, or
He has a mobile phone.
5 He hasn't got a watch, or
He doesn't have a watch.
6 He's got two brothers and
a sister, or He has two
brothers and a sister.
7 I've got a dog. / 1have a dog.
or I haven't got a dog. / 1
don't have a dog.
8 I've got a bike. / 1have a bike.
or I haven't got a bike. / 1
don't have a bike.
9 (Example answer) I've got
a brother and a sister, or I
have a brother and a sister.
9.4
3 has 6 don't have
4 don'thave 7 doesn't
5 have have
9.5
2 's got / has got a lot of friends
3 hasn't got a key
4 haven't got much time
5 has got six legs
6 haven't got a job
UNIT 10
10.1
2 Jack and Kate were at/in the
cinema.
3 Sue was at the station.
4 Mr and Mrs Hall were in/at a
restaurant.
5 Ben was on the beach / on a
beach / at the beach / at the
seaside.
6 (Example answer) I was at
work.
10.2
2 is... was
3 'm/am
4 was
5 were
10.3
2 wasn't... was
3 w as... were
4 'Were Kate and Ben at the
party?' 'Kate was there, but
Ben wasn't.' or 'Kate wasn't
there, but Ben was.'
5 were
6 weren't... were
10.4
2 Was your exam difficult?
3 Where were Sue and Chris
last week?
4 How much was your new
camera?
5 Why were you angry
yesterday?
6 Was the weather nice last
week?
UNIT 11
11.1
2 opened
3 started ... finished
4 wanted
5 happened
6 rained
7 enjoyed... stayed
8 died
11.2
2 saw
3 played
4 paid
5 visited
6 bought
7 went
11.3
2 got
3 had
4 left
5 drove
6 got
7 parked
8 walked
11.4
2 lost her
3 met her
4 bought a newspaper
5 went to the cinema
6 ate an orange
7 had a shower
8 came (to see us)
11.5
2-6 Example answers
I got up late yesterday.
I met some friends at lunchtime.
I went to the supermarket.
I phoned a lot of people.
1lost my keys.
UNIT 12
12.1
2 didn't work
3 didn't go
4 didn't have
5 didn't do
12.2
2 Did you enjoy the party?
3 Did you have a good holiday?
4 Did you finish work early?
5 Did you sleep well last night?
6 're/are
7 Was
8 was
9 are... were
8 thought
9 copied
10 knew
11 put
12 spoke
9 checked
10 had
11 waited
12 departed
13 arrived
14 took
keys
friends
285

Key to Exercises
12.3
2 I got up before 7 o'clock, or
I didn't get up before
7 o'clock.
3 I had a shower, or I didn't
have a shower.
4 I bought a magazine, or I
didn't buy a magazine.
5 I ate meat, or I didn't eat
meat.
6 I went to bed before 10.30.
or I didn't go to bed before
10.30.
12.4
2 did you arrive
3 Did you win
4 did you go
5 did it cost
6 Did you go to bed late
7 Did you have a nice time
8 did it happen / did that
happen
12.5
2 bought 6 didn't have
3 Did it rain 7 did you do
4 didn't stay 8 didn't know
5 opened
UNIT 13
13.1
2 Jack and Kate were at the
cinema. They were watching
a film.
3 Tom was in his car. He was
driving.
4 Tracey was at the station. She
was waiting for a train.
5 Mr and Mrs Hall were in the
park. They were walking.
6 (Example answer) I was in
a cafe. I was having a drink
with some friends.
13.2
2 she was playing tennis
3 she was reading a/the
paper/newspaper
4 she was cooking (lunch)
5 she was having breakfast
6 she was cleaning the kitchen
13.3
2 What were you doing
3 Was it raining
4 Why was Sue driving
5 Was Tom wearing
13.4
2 He was carrying a bag.
3 He wasn't going to the dentist.
4 He was eating an ice cream.
5 He wasn't carrying an umbrella.
6 He wasn't going home.
7 He was wearing a hat.
8 He wasn't riding a bicycle.
UNIT 14
14.1
1 happened ... was painting ...
fell
2 arrived ... g o t... were waiting
3 was walking ... m e t... was
going ... was carrying ...
stopped
14.2
2 was studying
3 Did Paul c a ll... called ... was
having
4 didn't go
5 were you driving ... stopped
... wasn't driving
6 Did your team win ... didn't
play
7 did you break ... were playing
... kicked... hit
8 Did you see ... was wearing
9 were you doing
10 lo st... did you g et... climbed
UNIT 15
15.1
2 She has/She's closed the door.
3 They have/They've gone to
bed.
4 It has/it's stopped raining.
5 He has/He's had a shower.
6 The picture has fallen down.
15.2
2 've bought / have bought
3 's gone / has gone
4 Have you seen
5 has broken
6 Ve told / have told
7 has taken
8 haven't seen
9 has she gone
10 've forgotten / have forgotten
11 's invited / has invited
12 Have you decided
13 haven't told
14 've finished / have finished
UNIT 16
16.1
2 He's/He has just got up.
3 They've/They have just
bought a car.
4 The race has just started.
16.2
2 they've/they have already
seen it.
3 l've/l have already phoned
him.
4 He's/He has already gone
(away).
5 l've/l have already read it.
6 She's/She has already started
(it).
16.3
2 The bus has just gone.
3 The train hasn't left yet.
4 He hasn't opened it yet.
5 They've/They have just
finished their dinner.
6 It's / It has just stopped
raining.
16.4
2 Have you met your new
neighbours yet?
3 Have you paid your electricity
bill yet?
4 Has Tom/he sold his car yet?
UNIT 17
17.1
3 Have you ever been to
Australia?
4 Have you ever lost your
passport?
5 Have you ever flown in a
helicopter?
6 Have you ever won a race?
7 Have you ever been to New
York?
8 Have you ever driven a bus?
9 Have you ever broken your
leg?
286

Key to Exercises
17.2
Helen:
2 She's/She has been to
Australia once.
3 She's/She has never won a
race.
4 She's/She has flown in a
helicopter a few times.
You (example answers):
5 I've/I have never been to
New York.
6 I've/I have played tennis
many times.
7 I've/I have never driven a lorry.
8 I've/I have been late for work
a few times.
17.3
2-6
She's/She has done a lot of
interesting things.
She's/She has travelled all over
the world, or She's/She has
been all over the world.
She's/She has been married
three times.
She's/She has written ten books.
She's/She has met a lot of
interesting people.
17.4
2 been 6 gone
3 gone 7 gone
4 been 8 been
5 been
UNIT 18
18.1
3 have been
4 has been
5 have lived / have been living
6 has worked / has been working
7 has had
8 have been learning
18.2
2 How long have they been
there? or ... been in Brazil?
3 How long have you known
her? or ...known Amy?
4 How long has she been
learning Italian?
5 How long has he lived in
Canada? / How long has he
been living... ?
6 How long have you been a
teacher?
7 How long has it been raining?
18.3
2 She has lived in Wales all her
life.
3 They have been on holiday
since Sunday.
4 The sun has been shining all
day.
5 She has been waiting for ten
minutes.
6 He has had a beard since he
was 20.
18.4
2 I know
3 I've known
4 have you been waiting
5 works
6 She has been reading
7 have you lived
8 I've had
9 is ... He has been
UNIT 19
19.1
3 for
4 since
5 since
19.2
Example answers:
2 A year ago.
3 A few weeks ago.
4 Two hours ago.
5 Six months ago.
19.3
3 for 20 years
4 20 years ago
5 an hour ago
6 a few days ago
7 for six months
8 for a long time
19.4
2 Jack has been here since
Tuesday.
3 It's been raining for an hour.
4 I've known Sue since 2008.
5 Claire and Matt have been
married for six months.
6 Laura has been studying
medicine (at university) for
three years.
7 David has played / David has
been playing the piano since
he was seven years old.
19.5
Example answers
2 I've been in the same job for
ten years.
3 I've been learning English for
six months.
4 I've known Chris for a long
time.
5 I've had a headache since I
got up this morning.
UNIT 20
20.1
2 I started (it)
3 they arrived
4 she went (away)
5 I wore it
20.2
3 I finished
4 OK
5 did you finish
6 OK
7 (Steve's grandmother) died
8 Where were you / Where did
you go
20.3
3 played
4 did you go
5 Have you ever met
6 wasn't
7 's/has visited
8 switched
9 lived
10 haven't been
20.4
1 Did you have ... was
2 Have you seen ... w ent...
haven't seen
3 has worked / has been
working ... w as... worked ...
didn't enjoy
4 've/have seen . . . 've/have
never spoken ... Have you
ever spoken ... met
6 for
7 for
8 for ...since
287

Key to Exercises
UNIT 21
21.1
3 Glass is made from sand.
4 The windows are cleaned
every two weeks.
5 This room isn't used very
much.
6 Are we allowed to park here?
7 How is this word
pronounced?
9 The house was painted last
month.
10 My phone was stolen a few
days ago.
11 Three people were injured in
the accident.
12 When was this bridge built?
13 I wasn't woken up by the
noise.
14 How were these windows
broken?
15 Were you invited to Jon's
party last week?
21.2
2 Football is played in m ost...
3 Why was the letter sent
to ... ?
4 ... where films are made.
5 Where were you born?
6 How many languages are
spoken ... ?
7 ... but nothing was stolen.
8 When was the bicycle
invented?
21.3
3 is made
4 were damaged
5 was given
6 are shown
7 were invited
8 was made
9 was stolen ... was found
21.4
2 Sarah was born in
Manchester.
3 Her parents were born in
Ireland.
4 I was born in ...
5 My mother was born in ...
UNIT 22
22.1
2 A bridge is being built.
3 The windows are being
cleaned.
4 The grass is being cut.
22.2
3 The window has been broken.
4 The roof is being repaired.
5 The car has been damaged.
6 The houses are being
knocked down.
7 The trees have been cut
down.
8 They have been invited to a
party.
22.3
3 has been repaired
4 was repaired
5 are made
6 were they built
7 Is the photocopier being used
or Is anybody using the
photocopier
8 are they called
9 were stolen
10 was damaged ... hasn't been
repaired
UNIT 23
23.1
3 are
4 Does
5 Do
6 Is
23.2
2 don't
3 'm/am not
4 isn't
5 don't
6 doesn't
7 'm/am not
8 aren't / 're not
23.3
2 Did
3 were
4 was
5 Has
6 did
23.4
2 was
3 Have
4 are
5 were
7 were
8 Has
9 did
10 have
6 've/have
7 is
8 was
9 has
7 do
8 Is
9 does
10 Are
23.5
3 eaten
4 enjoying
5 damaged
6 use
7 gone
8 understand
9 listening
10 pronounced
11 open
UNIT 24
24.1
3 got
4 brought
5 paid
6 enjoyed
7 bought
8 sat
9 left
10 happened
11 heard
12 put
13 caught
14 watched
15 understood
24.2
2 began begun
3 ate eaten
4 drank drunk
5 drove driven
6 spoke spoken
7 wrote written
8 came come
9 knew known
10 took taken
11 went gone
12 gave given
13 threw thrown
14 forgot forgotten
24.3
3 slept
4 saw
5 rained
6 lost... seen
7 stolen
8 went
9 finished
10 built
11 learnt/learned
12 ridden
13 known
14 fell... hurt
15 ran ... run
288

Key to Exercises
24.4
2 told 8 spoken
3 won 9 cost
4 met 10 driven
5 woken up 11 sold
6 swam 12 flew
7 thought
UNIT 25
25.1
2 Richard is going to the
cinema.
3 Rachel is meeting Dave.
4 Karen is having lunch with
Will.
5 Sue and Tom are going to a
party.
25.2
2 Are you working next week?
3 What are you doing
tomorrow evening?
4 What time are your friends
coming?
5 When is Lisa going on holiday?
25.3
3-6 Example answers
I'm going away at the weekend.
I'm playing basketball tomorrow.
I'm meeting a friend this
evening.
I'm going to the cinema on
Thursday evening.
25.4
3 She's getting
4 are going ... are they going
5 finishes
6 I'm not going
7 I'm going ... We're meeting
8 are you getting ... leaves
9 Are you coming ... does the
film begin
10 are you doing ... I'm working
UNIT 26
26.1
2 I'm going to have a bath.
3 I'm going to buy a car.
4 We're going to play football.
26.2
3 'm/am going to walk
4 's/is going to stay
5 'm/am going to eat
6 're/are going to give
7 's/is going to lie down
8 Are you going to watch
9 is Rachel going to do
26.3
2 The shelf is going to fall
(down).
3 The car is going to turn (right).
4 He's / He is going to kick the
ball.
26.4
1-3 Example answers
I'm going to phone Maria this
evening.
I'm going to get up early
tomorrow.
I'm going to buy some shoes
tomorrow.
UNIT 27
27.1
2 she'll be 5 she's
3 she was 6 she was
4 she'll be 7 she'll be
27.2
Example answers:
2 I'll be at home.
3 I'll probably be in bed.
4 I'll be at work.
5 I don't know where I'll be.
27.3
2 'll/will 5 'll/will
3 won't 6 'll/will
4 won't 7 won't
27.4
3 I think we'll win the game.
4 I don't think I'll be here
tomorrow.
5 I think Sue will like her
present.
6 I don't think they'll get married.
7 I don't think you'll enjoy the
film.
27.5
2 are you doing
3 They're going
4 will lend
5 I'm going
6 will phone
7 He's working
8 Will you
9 are coming
UNIT 28
28.1
2 I'll eat 5 I'll stay
3 I'll sit 6 I'll show
4 I'll do
28.2
2 I think I'll have
3 I don't think I'll play
4 I think I'll buy
5 I don't think I'll buy
28.3
2 I'll do
3 Iwatch
4 I'll go
5 is going to buy
6 I'll give
7 Are you doing ... I'm going
8 I'm working
28.4
2 Shall I turn off the TV?
3 Shall I make some
sandwiches?
4 Shall I turn on the light?
28.5
2 where shall we go?
3 what shall we buy?
4 who shall we invite?
UNIT 29
29.1
2 I might see you tomorrow.
3 Sarah might forget to phone.
4 It might snow today.
5 I might be late tonight.
6 Mark might not be here next
week.
7 I might not have time to go
out.
29.2
2 I might go away.
3 I might see her on Monday.
4 I might have fish.
5 I might get/take a taxi, or ..
go by taxi.
6 I might buy/get a new car.
289

Key to Exercises
29.3
3 He might get up early.
4 He isn't/He's not working
tomorrow.
5 He might be at home
tomorrow morning.
6 He might watch TV.
7 He's going out in the
afternoon.
8 He might go shopping.
29.4
1-3 Example answers
I might buy some new clothes.
I might go out with some
friends.
I might have an egg for
breakfast.
UNIT 30
30.1
2 Can you ski?
3 Can you play chess?
4 Can you run ten kilometres?
5 Can you drive (a car)?
6 Can you ride (a horse)?
7 I can/can't swim.
8 I can/can't ski.
9 I can/can't play chess.
10 I can/can't run ten kilometres.
11 I can/can't drive (a car).
12 I can/can't ride (a horse).
30.2
2 can see
3 can't hear
4 can't find
5 can speak
30.3
2 couldn't eat
3 can't decide
4 couldn't find
5 can't go
6 couldn't go
30.4
2 Can/Could you pass the salt
(please)?
3 Can/Could I have these
postcards (please)?
4 Can/Could you turn off the
radio (please)?
5 Can/Could I borrow your
newspaper (please)?
6 Can/Could I use your pen
(please)?
UNIT 31
31.1
2 must meet 5 must go
3 must wash 6 must win
4 must learn 7 must be
31.2
2 I must 5 I had to
3 I had to 6 I had to
4 I must 7 I must
31.3
2 don't need to rush
3 mustn't lose
4 don't need to wait
5 mustn't forget
6 don't need to phone
31.4
2 C 4B
3 A 5D
31.5
3 don't need
4 had to
5 must
6 mustn't
7 must
8 had to
9 don't need
10 mustn't
UNIT 32
32.1
2 You should go
3 You should eat
4 you should visit
5 you should wear
6 You should take
32.2
2 He shouldn't eat so much.
3 She shouldn't work so hard.
4 He shouldn't drive so fast.
32.3
2 Do you think I should learn
(to drive)?
3 Do you think I should get
another job?
4 Do you think I should invite
Gary (to the party)?
32.4
3 I think you should sell it.
4 I think she should have a
holiday.
5 I don't think they should get
married.
6 I don't think you should go to
work.
7 I think he should go to the
doctor.
8 I don't think we should stay
there.
32.5
Example answers:
2 I think everybody should
have enough food.
3 I think people should drive
more carefully.
4 I don't think the police
should carry guns.
5 I think I should take more
exercise.
UNIT 33
33.1
2 have to do
3 has to read
4 have to speak
5 has to travel
6 have to hit
33.2
2 have to go
3 had to buy
4 have to change
5 had to answer
33.3
2 did he have to wait
3 does she have to go
4 did you have to pay
5 do you have to do
33.4
2 doesn't have to wait.
3 didn't have to get up early.
4 doesn't have to work (so) hard.
5 don't have to leave now.
33.5
3 have to pay
4 had to borrow
5 must stop or have to stop
(both are correct)
6 has to meet
7 must tell or have to tell
(both are correct)
33.6
Example answers:
2 I have to go to work every day.
3 I had to go to the dentist
yesterday.
4 I have to go shopping
tomorrow.
290

Key to Exercises
34.1
2 Would you like an apple?
3 Would you like some coffee? /
... a cup of coffee?
4 Would you like some cheese? /
... a piece of cheese?
5 Would you like a sandwich?
6 Would you like some cake? /
... a piece of cake?
34.2
2 Would you like to play tennis
tomorrow?
3 Would you like to come to a
concert next week?
4 Would you like to borrow my
umbrella?
34.3
2 Do you like
3 Would you like
4 would you like
5 Would you like
6 I like
7 would you like
8 Would you like
9 Do you like
10 I'd like
11 I'd like
12 do you like
UNIT 35
35.1
3 Don't buy
4 Smile
5 Don't sit
6 Have
7 Don't forget
8 Sleep
9 Be ... Don't drop
35.2
2 let's take a taxi
3 let's watch TV
4 let's go to a restaurant
5 let's wait a little
35.3
3 No, let's not go out.
4 No, don't close the window.
5 No, don't phone me
(tonight).
6 No, let's not wait for Andy.
7 No, don't turn on the light.
8 No, let's not go by bus.
UNIT 34
36.1
2 He used to play football.
3 She used to be a taxi driver.
4 They used to live in the
country.
5 He used to wear glasses.
6 This building used to be a
hotel.
36.2
2-6
She used to play volleyball.
She used to go out most
evenings. / She used to go
out a lot.
She used to play the guitar.
She used to read a lot. / She
used to like reading.
She used to go away two or
three times a year. / She used
to travel a lot.
36.3
3 used to have
4 used to be
5 go / travel
6 used to eat
7 watches
8 used to live
9 get
10 did you use to play
UNIT 37
37.1
3 There's/There is a hospital.
4 There isn't a swimming pool.
5 There are two cinemas.
6 There isn't a university.
7 There aren't any big hotels.
37.2
3-6 Example answers
There is a university in ...
There are a lot of big shops.
There isn't an airport.
There aren't many factories.
UNIT 36
37.3
2 There's/There is
3 is there
4 There are
5 are there
6 There isn't
7 Is there
8 Are there
9 There's / There is
There aren't
37.4
2-6
There are eight planets in the
solar system.
There are fifteen players in a
rugby team.
There are twenty-six letters in
the English alphabet.
There are thirty days in
September.
There are fifty states in the USA.
37.5
2 It's
3 There's
4 There's... Is it
5 Is there ... there's
6 It's
7 Is there
UNIT 38
38.1
2 There was a carpet
3 There were three pictures
4 There was a small table
5 There were some flowers
6 There were some books
7 There was an armchair
8 There was a sofa
38.2
3 There was
4 Was there
5 there weren't
6 There wasn't
7 Were there
8 There wasn't
9 There was
10 there weren't
38.3
2 There are
3 There was
4 There's/There is
5 There's been/There has been
or There was
6 there was
7 there will be
8 there were ... there are
9 There have been
10 there will be or there are
291

Key to Exercises
UNIT 39
39.1
2 It's cold
3 It's windy.
4 It's sunny/fine, or It's a nice
day.
5 It's snowing.
6 It's cloudy.
39.2
2 It's/It is
3 Is it
4 is it ... it's / it is
5 It's / It is
6 Is it
7 is it
8 It's / It is
9 It's / It is
39.3
2 How far is it from the hotel to
the beach?
3 How far is it from New York
to Washington?
4 How far is it from your house
to the airport?
39.4
3 It 6 it
4 It ...It 7 It... there
5 There 8 It
39.5
2 It's nice to see you again.
3 It's impossible to work here.
4 It's easy tomake friends.
5 It's interesting tovisit different
places.
6 It's dangerous to go out alone
UNIT 40
40.1
2 is
3 can
4 has
40.2
2 'm not
3 weren't
4 haven't
40.3
3 doesn't
4 do
5 did
40.4
Example ai
2 I like sport, but my sister
doesn't.
3 I don't eat meat, but Jessica
does.
4 I'm American,, but my
husband isn't.
5 I haven't beeri to Japan, but
Jessica has.
40.5
2 wasn't 7 has
3 are 8 do
4 has 9 hasn't
5 can't 10 will
6 did 11 might
40.6
2 Yes, I have, or No, I haven't.
4 Yes, it is. or No, it isn't.
7 Yes, I will, or No, I won't.
8 Yes, I have, or No, I haven't.
9 Yes, I did. or No, I didn't.
10 Yes, I was. or No, I wasn't.
UNIT 41
41.1
2 Do you?
3 Didn't you?
4 Doesn't she?
5 Do I?
6 Did she?
41.2
3 Have you?
4 Can't she?
5 Were you?
6 Didn't you?
7 Is there?
41.3
2 aren't they
3 wasn't she
4 haven't you
41.4
2 are you
3 isn't she
4 can't you
5 do you
UNIT 42
42.1
2 either
3 too
4 too
42.2
2 So am I.
3 So have I.
4 So do I.
5 So will I.
6 So was I.
7 Neither can I.
8 Neither did I.
9 Neither have I.
10 Neither am I.
11 Neither do I.
42.3
1 So am I.
2 So can I. or I can't.
3 Neither am I. or I am.
4 So do I. or I don't.
5 Neither do I. or I do.
6 So did I. or I didn't.
7 Neither have I. or I have.
8 Neither do I. or I do.
9 So am I. or I'm not.
10 Neither have I. or I have.
11 Neither did I. or I did.
12 So do I. or I don't.
UNIT 43
43.1
2 They aren't / They're not
married.
3 I haven't had dinner.
4 It isn't cold today.
5 We won't be late.
6 You shouldn't go.
43.2
2 I don't like cheese.
3 They didn't understand.
4 He doesn't live here.
5 Don't go away!
6 I didn't do the shopping.
43.3
2 They haven't arrived.
3 I didn't go to the bank.
4 He doesn't speak German.
5 We weren't angry.
6 He won't be pleased.
7 Don't call me tonight.
8 It didn't rain yesterday.
9 I couldn't hear them.
10 I don't believe you.
43.4
2 'm not / am not
3 can't
4 doesn't
5 isn't / 's not
5 will
6 was
5 isn't
6 hasn't
6 does
7 don't
8 didn't
nswers:
8 Aren't you?
9 Did you?
10 Does she?
11 Won't you?
12 Isn't it?
5 don't you
6 doesn't he
7 won't you
6 didn't she
7 was it
8 doesn't she
9 will you
5 either
6 either
7 too
292

Key to Exercises
6 don't... haven't
7 Don't
8 didn't
9 haven't
10 won't
11 didn't
12 weren't
13 hasn't
14 shouldn't / mustn't
43.5
3 He wasn't born in London.
4 He doesn't like London.
5 He'd like to live in the
country.
6 He can drive.
7 He hasn't got a car. or He
doesn't have a car.
8 He doesn't read newspapers.
9 He isn't interested in politics.
10 He watches TV most
evenings.
11 He didn't watch TV last night.
12 He went out last night.
UNIT 44
44.1
3 Were you late this morning?
4 Has Kate got a key? or Does
Kate have a key?
5 Will you be here tomorrow?
6 Is Paul going out this evening?
7 Do you like your job?
8 Does Nicola live near here?
9 Did you enjoy the film?
10 Did you have a good holiday?
44.2
2 Do you use it a lot?
3 Did you use it yesterday?
4 Do you enjoy driving?
5 Are you a good driver?
6 Have you ever had an
accident?
44.3
3 What are the children doing?
4 How is cheese made?
5 Is your sister coming to the
party?
6 Why don't you tell the truth?
7 Have your guests arrived yet?
8 What time does your train
leave?
9 Why didn't Emily go to work?
10 Was your car damaged in the
accident?
44.4
3 What are you reading?
4 What time did she go (to
bed)?
5 When are they going (on
holiday)?
6 Where did you see him?
7 Why can't you come (to the
party)?
8 Where has she gone?
9 How much (money) do you
need?
10 Why doesn't she like you?
11 How often does it rain?
12 When did you do it?/ ... the
shopping?
UNIT 45
45.1
2 What fell off the shelf?
3 Who wants to see me?
4 Who took your umbrella? /
Who took it?
5 What made you ill?
6 Who is / Who's coming?
45.2
3 Who did you phone?
4 What happened last night?
5 Who knows the answer?
6 Who did the washing-up?
7 What did Jane do? / What did
she do?
8 What woke you up?
9 Who saw the accident?
10 Who did you see?
11 Who has got your pen? /
Who's got your pen? /
Who has your pen?
12 What does this word mean? /
What does it mean?
45.3
2 Who phoned you ?
What did she want?
3 Who did you ask?
What did he say?
4 Who got married?
Who told you?
5 Who did you meet?
What did she tell you?
6 Who won?
What did you do (after the
game)?
7 Who gave you a/the book?
What did Catherine give you?
UNIT 46
46.1
2 What are you looking for?
3 Who did you go to the
cinema with?
4 What/Who was the film
about?
5 Who did you give the money
to?
6 Who was the book written
by?
46.2
2 What are they looking at?
3 Which restaurant is he going
to?
4 What are they talking about?
5 What is she listening to?
6 Which bus are they waiting
for?
46.3
2 Which hotel did you stay at?
3 Which (football) team does
he play for?
4 Which school did you go to?
46.4
2 What is the food like?
3 What are the people like?
4 What is the weather like?
46.5
2 What was the film like?
3 What were the lessons like?
4 What was the hotel like?
UNIT 47
47.1
3 What colour is it?
4 What time did you get up?
5 What type of music do you
like?
6 What kind of car do you
want (to buy)?
47.2
2 Which coat
3 Which film/movie
4 Which bus
47.3
3 Which 8 Who
4 What 9 What
5 Which 10 Which
6 What 11 What
7 Which
293

Key to Exercises
47.4
2 How far 5 How deep
3 How old 6 How long
4 How often
47.5
2 How heavy is this box?
3 How old are you?
4 How much did you spend?
5 How often do you watch TV?
6 How far is it from Paris to
Moscow?
UNIT 48
48.1
2 How long does it take by car
from Milan to Rome?
3 How long does it take by
train from Paris to Geneva?
4 How long does it take by bus
from the city centre to the
airport?
48.2
2 It takes... hours to fly from ...
to New York.
3 It takes... years to study to
be a doctor in ....
4 It takes... to walk from my
home to the nearest shop.
5 It takes... to get from my
home to the nearest airport.
48.3
2 How long did it take you to
walk to the station?
3 How long did it take him to
paint the bathroom?
4 How long did it take you to
learn to ski?
5 How long did it take them to
repair the car?
48.4
2 It took us 20 minutes to walk
home. / ... to get home.
3 It took me six months to
learn to drive.
4 It took Mark/him three hours
to drive to London. / ... to get
to London.
5 It took Lisa/her a long time to
find a job. / ... to get a job.
6 It took me ... to ...
UNIT 49
49.1
2 I don't know where she is.
3 I don't know how old it is.
4 I don't know when he'll be
here.
5 I don't know why he was
angry.
6 I don't know how long she
has lived here.
49.2
2 where Susan works
3 what Peter said
4 why he went home early
5 what time the meeting
begins
6 how the accident happened
49.3
2 are you
3 they are
4 the museum is
5 do you want
6 elephants eat
7 it is
49.4
2 Do you know if/whether they
are married?
3 Do you know if/whether Sue
knows Bill?
4 Do you know if/whether
Gary will be here tomorrow?
5 Do you know if/whether he
passed his exam?
49.5
2 Do you know where Paula is?
3 Do you know if/whether she
is working today? / ... she's
working today?
4 Do you know what time she
starts work?
5 Do you know if/whether the
shops are open tomorrow?
6 Do you know where Sarah
and Jack live?
7 Do you know if/whether they
went to Jane's party?
49.6
Example answers:
2 Do you know what time the
bus leaves?
3 Excuse me, can you tell me
where the station is?
4 I don't know what I'm going
to do this evening.
5 Do you know if there's a
restaurant near here?
6 Do you know how much it
costs to rent a car?
UNIT 50
50.1
2 She said (that) she was very
busy.
3 She said (that) she couldn't
go to the party.
4 He said (that) he had to go
out.
5 He said (that) he was learning
Russian.
6 She said (that) she didn't feel
very well.
7 They said (that) they would
be home late. / ... they'd be
8 She said (that) she had just
come back from holiday. / ...
she'd just come back ...
9 She said (that) she was going
to buy a guitar.
10 They said (that) they hadn't
got a key. / They said (that)
they didn't have a key.
50.2
2 She said (that) she wasn't
hungry.
3 he said (that) he needed it.
4 she said (that) she didn't
want to go.
5 She said (that) I could have it.
6 He said (that) he would send
me a postcard. /... he'd
send...
7 Nicola said (that) he had
gone home. / ... he'd gone
home.
8 He said (that) he wanted to
watch TV.
9 She said (that) she was
to the cinema.
50.3
3 said 7 said
4 told 8 told
5 tell 9 tell
6 say 10 say
UNIT 51
51.1
3 phone
4 phone Paul
294

Key to Exercises
5 to phone Paul
6 to phone Paul
7 phone Paul
8 to phone Paul
9 phone Paul
10 phone Paul
51.2
3 get
4 going
5 watch
6 flying
7 listening
8 eat
9 waiting
10 wear
11 doing... staying
51.3
4 to go 13 having
5 rain 14 to have
6 to leave 15 hear
7 help 16 go
8 studying 17 listening
9 to go 18 to walk
10 wearing 19 to know
11 to stay tell
12 have 20 borrow
UNIT 52
52.1
3 to see
4 to swim
5 cleaning
6 to ask
7 visiting
8 going
9 to be
10 waiting
11 to do
12 to speak
13 to go
14 crying / to cry
15 to w ork... talking
52.2
2 to help
3 to see
4 reading
5 to lose
6 to send
7 raining
8 to go
9 watching / to watch
10 to wait
52.3
2 going to museums
3 to go
4 driving / to drive
5 to go (there)
6 travelling by train
7 walking
52.4
Example answers:
1 I enjoy cooking.
2 I don't like studying.
3 If it's a nice day tomorrow, I'd
like to go to the beach.
4 When I'm on holiday, I like to
do very little.
5 I don't mind travelling alone,
but I prefer to travel with
somebody.
6 I wouldn't like to live in a big
city.
UNIT 53
53.1
2 I want you to listen carefully.
3 I don't want you to be angry.
4 Do you want me to wait for
you?
5 I don't want you to call me
tonight.
6 I want you to meet Sarah.
53.2
2 A woman told me to turn left
after the bridge.
3 I advised him to go to the
doctor.
4 She asked me to help her. /
... asked me if I could help her.
5 I told him to come back in
ten minutes.
6 Paul let me use his phone.
7 I told her not to phone
before 8 o'clock. / ... not to
call (me) before 8 o'clock.
8 Amy's mother taught her to
play the piano.
53.3
2 to repeat
3 wait
4 to arrive
5 to get
6 go
7 borrow
8 to tell
9 to make (or to get)
10 think
UNIT 54
54.1
2-4
I went to a coffee shop to meet
a friend.
I went to the chemist to get
some medicine.
1went to the market to buy
some vegetables.
54.2
2 to read the newspaper
3 to open this door
4 to get some fresh air
5 to wake him up
6 to see who it was
54.3
Example answers:
2 to talk to you now
3 to tell her about the party
4 to do some shopping
5 to buy a motorbike
54.4
2 to 7 to
3 to 8 to
4 for 9 for
5 to 10 for
6 for 11 to
54.5
2 for the film to begin
3 for it to arrive
4 for you to tell me
UNIT 55
55.1
3 to
4 - (no preposition)
5 for
6 to
7 on ... to
8 for
9 on
10 to
11 - (no preposition)
12 on
13 for
14 on
55.2
2 went fishing
3 goes swimming
4 going skiing
5 go shopping
6 went jogging
295

Key to Exercises
55.3
2 to university
3 shopping
4 to sleep
5 home
6 skiing
7 riding
8 for a walk
9 on holiday ... to Portugal
UNIT 56
56.1
2 get your boots
3 get a doctor
4 get a taxi
5 gets the job
6 get some milk
7 get a ticket
8 gets a good salary
9 get a lot of rain
10 get a new laptop
56.2
2 getting dark
3 getting married
4 getting ready
5 getting late
56.3
2 get wet 5 got lost
3 got married 6 get old
4 gets angry 7 got better
56.4
2 got to Bristol at 11.45.
3 I left the party at 11.15 and
got home at midnight.
4 (Example answer) I left
home at 8.30 and got to the
airport at 10 o'clock.
56.5
2 got off 4 got on
3 got out of
UNIT 57
57.1
2 do 7 done
3 make 8 make
4 made 9 making
5 did 10 do
6 do 11 doing
57.2
2 They're/They are doing
(their) homework.
3 He's/He is doing the
shopping, or He is shopping.
4 She's/She is making a jacket.
5 They're/They are doing
an exam, (or ... taking an
exam.)
6 He's/He is making the/his
bed.
7 She's/She is doing the
washing-up. or She is
washing up. / She is doing the
dishes. / She is washing the
dishes.
8 He's/He is making a
(shopping) list.
9 They're/They are making a
film.
10 He's/He is taking a picture/
photo/photograph.
57.3
2 make 8 make
3 do 9 do
4 done 10 making
5 made 11 made
6 doing 12 make... do
7 did
UNIT 58
58.1
3 He doesn't have / He hasn't
got
4 Gary had
5 Do you have / Have you got
6 we didn't have
7 She doesn't have / She hasn't
got
8 Did you have
58.2
2 She's/She is having a cup of
tea.
3 He's/He is having a rest.
4 They're/They are having a
good time.
5 They're/They are having
dinner.
6 He's/He is having a bath.
58.3
3 Have a nice/good trip!
4 Did you have a nice/good
weekend?
game (of tennis)?
6 Have a nice/good time! or
Have a nice/good evening!
or Have fun!
holiday?
58.4
2 have something to eat
3 had a glass of water
4 have a walk
5 had an accident
6 have a look
UNIT 59
59.1
2 him 5
3 them 6
4 her 7
59.2
2 I ... them 6
3 he ... her 7
4 they ... us 8
5 w e ... him
59.3
2 I like him.
3 I don't like it.
4 Do you like it?
5 I don't like her.
6 Do you like them?
59.4
2 him
3 them
4 they
5 us
6 it
7 She
59.5
2 Can you give
3 Can you give
4 Can you give
5 Can you give
6 Can you give
UNIT 60
60.1
2 her hands
3 our hands
4 his hands
60.2
2 They live with their parents.
3 We live with our parents.
4 Martina lives with her
parents.
5 I live with my parents.
6 John lives with his parents.
7 Do you live with your
parents?
8 Most children live with their
parents.
him
them
her
she... them
they... me
she... you
8 them
9 me
10 her
11 them
12 h e... it
it to him?
them to her?
it to me?
it to them?
them to us?
5 their hands
6 your hands
296

Key to Exercises
60.3
2 their 6 their
3 his 7 her
4 his 8 their
5 her
60.4
2 his 8 her
3 Their 9 their
4 our 10 my
5 her 11 Its
6 my 12 H is... his
7 your
60.5
2 my key
3 Her husband
4 your coat
5 their homework
6 his name
7 Our house
UNIT 61
61.1
2 mine 6 yours
3 ours 7 mine
4 hers 8 his
5 theirs
61.2
2 yours
3 my ...M ine
4 Yours... mine
5 her
6 M y... hers
7 their
8 Ours
61.3
3 of hers
4 friends of ours
5 friend of mine
6 friend of his
7 friends of yours
61.4
2 Whose camera is this?
It's hers.
3 Whose gloves are these?
They're mine.
4 Whose hat is this? It's his.
5 Whose money is this?
It's yours.
6 Whose bags are these?
They're ours.
UNIT 62
62.1
2 Yes, I know her, but I can't
remember her name.
3 Yes, I know them, but I can't
remember their names.
4 Yes, I know you, but I can't
remember your name.
62.2
2 He invited us to stay with
him at his house.
3 They invited me to stay with
them at their house.
4 I invited them to stay with
me at my house.
5 She invited us to stay with
her at her house.
6 Did you invite him to stay
with you at your house?
62.3
2 I gave her my phone number,
and she gave me hers.
3 He gave me his phone
number, and I gave him mine.
4 We gave them our phone
number, and they gave us
theirs.
5 She gave him her phone
number, and he gave her his.
6 You gave us your phone
number, and we gave you
ours.
7 They gave you their phone
number, and you gave them
yours.
62.4
2 them 6 us
3 him 7 her
4 our 8 their
5 yours 9 mine
UNIT 63
63.1
2 myself 6 himself
3 herself 7 yourself
4 themselves 8 yourselves
5 myself
63.2
2 When I saw him, he was by
himself.
3 Don't go out by yourself
4 I went to the cinema by
myself.
5 My sister lives by herself.
6 Many people live by
themselves.
63.3
2 They can't see each other.
3 They call each other a lot.
4 They don't know each other.
5 They're/They are sitting next
to each other.
6 They gave each other
presents / a present.
63.4
3 each other
4 yourselves
5 us
6 ourselves
7 each other
8 each other
9 them
10 themselves
UNIT 64
64.1
3 Helen is Brian's wife.
4 James is Sarah's brother.
5 James is Daniel's uncle.
6 Sarah is Paul's wife.
7 Helen is Daniel's
grandmother.
8 Sarah is James's sister.
9 Paul is Sarah's husband.
10 Paul is Daniel's father.
11 Daniel is James's nephew.
64.2
2 Andy's 5 Rachel's
3 Dave's 6 Alice's
4 Jane's
64.3
3 OK
4 Simon's phone number
5 My brother's job
6 OK
7 OK
8 Paula's favourite colour
9 your mother's birthday
10 My parents' house
11 OK
12 OK
13 Silvia's party
14 OK
297

Key to Exercises
UNIT 65
65.1
2 a 6 an
3 a 7 a
4 an 8 an
5 a 9 an
65.2
2 a vegetable
3 a game
4 a tool
5 a mountain
6 a planet
7 a fruit
8 a river
9 a flower
10 a musical instrument
65.3
2 He's a shop assistant.
3 She's an architect.
4 He's a taxi driver.
5 He's an electrician.
6 She's a photographer.
7 She's a nurse.
8 I'm a/an...
65.4
2-8
Tom never wears a hat.
I can't ride a bike.
My brother is an artist.
Rebecca works in a bookshop.
Jane wants to learn a foreign
language.
Mike lives in an old house.
This evening I'm going to a
party.
UNIT 66
66.1
2 boats 8 sandwiches
3 women 9 families
4 cities 10 feet
5 umbrellas 11 holidays
6 addresses 12 potatoes
7 knives
66.2
2 teeth 5 fish
3 people 6 leaves
4 children
66.3
3 ... with a lot of beautiful
trees.
4 ... with two men.
5 OK
6 ... three children.
7 Most of my friends are
students.
8 He put on his pyjamas ...
9 OK
10 Do you know many people
11 I like your trousers. Where
did you get them?
12 ... full of tourists.
13 OK
14 These scissors aren't...
66.4
2 are 7 Do
3 don't 8 are
4 watch 9 them
5 were 10 some
6 live
UNIT 67
67.1
3 a jug
4 water
5 toothpaste
6 a toothbrush
7 an egg
8 money
9 a wallet
10 sand
11 a bucket
12 an envelope
67.2
3 ... a hat.
4 ... a job?
5 OK
6 ... an apple...
7 ... a party...
8 ... a wonderful thing.
9 ... an island.
10 ... a key.
11 OK
12 ... a good idea.
13 ... a car?
14 ... a cup of coffee?
15 OK
16 ... an umbrella.
67.3
2 a piece of wood
3 a glass of water
4 a bar of chocolate
5 a cup of tea
6 a piece of paper
7 a bowl of soup
8 a loaf of bread
9 ajar of honey
68.1
2 a newspaper (or a paper),
some flowers (or a bunch of
flowers) and a pen
3 some bananas, some eggs
and some bread (or a loaf of
bread)
4 some toothpaste, some soap
(or a bar of soap) and a comb
68.2
2 Would you like some coffee?
(o r... a cup of coffee?)
3 Would you like a biscuit?
4 Would you like some bread?
(or ... a piece of bread? / a
slice of bread?)
5 Would you like a chocolate?
6 Would you like some cake?
(or ... a piece of cake?)
68.3
2 some... some
3 some
4 a ... some
5 an ... some
6 a ... a ... some
7 some
8 some
9 some... a
68.4
2 eyes
3 hair
4 information
5 chairs
6 furniture
7 job
8 wonderful weather
UNIT 69
69.1
3 a
4 the
5 an
6 th e... the
7 a ... a
8 a ... a
9 ... a student... a journalist
... an apartment near the
college ... The apartment is...
10 ... two children, a boy and
a girl. The boy is seven years
old, and the girl is three ... in
a factory ... doesn't have a
jo b ...
UNIT 68
298

Key to Exercises
69.2
2 the airport
3 a cup
4 a nice picture
5 the dictionary
6 the floor
69.3
2 ... send me a postcard.
3 What is the name o f...
4 ... a very big country.
5 What is the largest...
6 ... the colour of the carpet.
7 ... a headache.
8 ... an old house near the
station.
9 ... the name of the director
of the film ...
UNIT 70
70.1
3 ... the second floor.
4 ... the moon?
5 ... the best hotel in this
town?
6 OK
7 ... the city centre?
8 ... the end of May.
9 OK
10 ... the first time I met her.
11 OK
12 It's easy to get information
from the internet.
13 OK
14 ... on the top shelf on the
right.
15 ... in the country about ten
miles from the nearest town.
70.2
2 the same time
3 the same age
4 the same colour
5 the same problem
70.3
2 the guitar
3 breakfast
4 television/TV
5 the sea
6 the bottom
70.4
2 the name
3 The sky
4 TV
5 the police
6 the capital
7 lunch
8 the middle
UNIT 71
71.1
2 the cinema
3 hospital
4 the airport
5 home
6 prison
71.2
3 school
4 the station
5 home
6 bed
7 the post office
71.3
2 the cinema
3 go to bed
4 go to prison
5 go to the dentist
6 go to university/college
7 go to hospital / are taken to
hospital
(American speakers say go to
the hospital' 'are taken to the
hospital'.)
711
.4
3 the doctor
4 OK
5 OK
6 OK
7 the bank
8 OK
9 OK
10 the city centre
11 the station
12 OK
(American speakers say 'in
the hospital'.)
13 OK
14 OK
15 the theatre
UNIT 72
72.1
2-8 Example answers:
I don't like dogs.
I hate museums.
I love big cities.
Tennis is all right.
I love chocolate.
I don't like computer games.
I hate parties.
72.2
Example answers:
2 I'm not interested in politics.
3 I'm interested in sport.
4 I don't know much about art.
5 I don't know anything about
astronomy.
6 I know a little about
economics.
72.3
3 friends
4 parties
5 The shops
6 the milk
7 milk
8 basketball
9 buildings
10 The water
11 cold water
12 the salt
13 the people
14 Vegetables
15 The houses
16 the words
17 pictures
18 the pictures
19 English ... international
business
20 M oney... happiness
UNIT 73
73.1
3 Sweden
4 The Amazon
5 Asia
6 The Pacific
7 The Rhine
8 Kenya
9 The United States
10 The Andes
11 Bangkok
12 The Alps
13 The Red Sea
14 Jamaica
15 The Bahamas
299

Key to Exercises
73.2
3 OK
4 the Philippines
5 the south of France
6 the Regal Cinema
7 OK
8 the Museum of Art
9 OK
10 Belgium is smaller than the
Netherlands.
11 the Mississippi... the Nile
12 the National Gallery
13 the Park Hotel in Hudson
Road
14 OK
15 The Rocky Mountains are in
North America.
16 OK
17 the United States
18 the west of Ireland
19 OK
20 The Panama Canal joins
the Atlantic Ocean and the
Pacific Ocean.
UNIT 74
74.1
2 that house
3 these postcards
4 those birds
5 this seat
6 These plates
74.2
2 Is that your umbrella?
3 Is this your book?
4 Are those your books?
5 Is that your bicycle/bike?
6 Are these your keys?
7 Are those your keys?
8 Is this your watch?
9 Are those your glasses?
10 Are these your gloves?
74.3
2 that's 6 this is
3 This is 7 That's
4 That's 8 that's
5 that
UNIT 75
75.1
2 I don't need one
3 I'm going to get one
4 I don't have one / 1haven't
got one
5 I've just had one
6 there's one in Mill Road
75.2
2 a new one
3 a better one
4 an old one
5 a big one
6 a different one
75.3
2 Which ones?
The green ones.
3 Which one?
The one with a/the red door.
4 Which ones?
The ones on the top shelf.
5 Which one?
The black one.
6 Which one?
The one on the wall.
7 Which one?
The tall one with long hair.
8 Which ones?
The yellow ones.
9 Which one?
The one with a/the
moustache and glasses.
10 Which ones?
The ones I took at the party
last week.
UNIT 76
76.1
2 some 8
3 any 9
4 any 10
5 any 11
6 some 12
7 any
76.2
2 some questions
3 any pictures
4 any foreign languages
5 some friends
6 some milk
7 any batteries
8 some fresh air
9 some cheese
10 any help
76.3
3 I have some / I've got some
4 I don't have any / 1haven't
got any / 1haven't any
5 I didn't buy any
6 I bought some
7 I didn't drink any
76.4
2 something
3 anything
4 anything
5 Somebody/Someone
6 anything
7 anybody/anyone
8 something
9 anything
10 anybody/anyone
UNIT 77
77.1
2 There are no shops near here.
3 Carla has no free time. / Carla
has got no free time.
4 There's no light in this room.
6 There isn't any milk in the
fridge.
7 There aren't any buses today.
8 Tom doesn't have any
brothers or sisters. / Tom
hasn't got any brothers or
sisters.
77.2
2 any 8
3 any 9
4 no 10
5 any 11
6 no 12
7 any
77.3
2 no money
3 any questions
4 no friends
5 no difference
6 any furniture
7 no idea
8 any heating
9 no queue
77.4
Example answers:
2 Three. 4
3 Two cups. 5
UNIT 78
78.1
2 There's nobody in the office.
3 I have nothing to do. / I've
got nothing to do.
4 There's nothing on TV.
5 There was no-one at home.
6 We found nothing.
some
some
any... any
some... any
some
no
any
no
None
any
None.
None.
300

Key to Exercises
78.2
2 There wasn't anybody on the
bus.
3 I don't have anything to read. /
I haven't got anything to read.
4 I don't have anyone to help
me. / 1haven't got anyone to
help me.
5 She didn't hear anything.
6 We don't have anything for
dinner. / We haven't got
anything for dinner.
78.3
3 a Nothing.
4 a Nobody./No-one.
5 a Nobody./No-one.
6 a Nothing.
7 a Nothing.
8 a Nobody./No-one.
3 b I don't want anything.
4 b I didn't meet anybody/
anyone.
5 b Nobody/No-one knows
the answer.
6 b I didn't buy anything.
7 b Nothing happened.
8 b Nobody/No-one was late.
78.4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
anything
Nobody/No-one
Nothing
anything
anybody/anyone
nothing
anything
anything
nobody/no-one
anything
Nothing
Nobody/No-one...
anybody/anyone
UNIT 79
79.1
2 something
3 somewhere
4 somebody/someone
79.2
2a Nowhere.
3a Nothing.
4a Nobody./No-one.
2b I'm not going anywhere.
3b I don't want anything.
4b I'm not looking for anybody/
anyone.
79.3
3 anything
4 anything
5 somebody/someone
6 something
7 anybody/anyone... nobody/
no-one
8 anything
9 Nobody/No-one
10 anybody/anyone
11 Nothing
12 anywhere
13 somewhere
14 anything
15 anybody/anyone
79.4
2 anything to eat
3 nothing to do
4 anywhere to sit
5 something to drink
6 nowhere to park
7 something to read
8 somewhere to stay
UNIT 80
80.1
2 Every day 4 Every room
3 every time 5 every word
80.2
2 everyday
3 all day
4 everyday
5 all day
6 all day
7 everyday
80.3
2 every 6 all
3 all 7 every
4 all 8 all
5 Every 9 every
80.4
2 everything
3 Everybody/Everyone
4 everything
5 everywhere
6 Everybody/Everyone
7 everywhere
8 Everything
80.5
2 is 7 makes
3 has 8 Is... Does
4 likes
5 has
6 was
UNIT 81
81.1
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Some
Most of
Most
any of
all or all of
None of
any of
Most
most of
Some
All or All of
some of
most of
81.2
2 All of them.
3 Some of them.
4 None of them.
5 Most of them.
6 Noneofit.
81.3
3 Some people...
4 Some of the questions...
or Some questions...
5 OK
6 All insects...
7 OK (o r... all of these books)
8 Most of the students...
or Most students...
9 OK
10 ... most of the night.
UNIT 82
82.1
Both
Neither
Neither
both
Either
9 Neither
10 either of
11 Both
12 neither of
13 Both
8 neither of 14 either of
82.2
2 Both windows are open.
3 Neither man is wearing a
hat. or Neither of them is
wearing...
4 Both men have (got) beards.
or Both of them have ...
5 Both buses go to the airport.
or ... are going to the
airport.
6 Neither answer is correct.
301

Key to Exercises
82.3
3 Both of them are students.
4 Neither of them has a car. /
... has got a car.
5 Both of them live in London.
6 Both of them like cooking.
7 Neither of them can play the
piano.
8 Both of them eat seafood.
9 Neither of them is interested
in sport.
UNIT 83
83.1
2 many
3 much
4 many
5 many
6 much
7 much
83.2
2 much
3 many
4 many
5 much
6 many
83.3
2 a lot of interesting things
3 a lot of accidents
4 a lot of fun
5 a lot of traffic
83.4
3 a lot of snow
4 OK
5 a lot of money
6 OK
7 OK
8 a lot
83.5
3 She plays tennis a lot.
4 He doesn't use his car much.
(o r... a lot.)
5 He doesn't go out much, (or
... a lot.)
6 She travels a lot.
UNIT 84
84.1
2 a few 5 a little
3 a little 6 a few
4 a few
84.2
2 a little milk
3 A few days
4 a little Russian
5 a few friends
6 a few times
7 a few chairs
8 a little fresh air
84.3
2 very little coffee
3 very little rain
4 very few hotels
5 very little time
6 Very few people
7 very little work
84.4
2 A few 5 few
3 a little 6 a little
4 little 7 little
84.5
2 ... a little luck
3 ... a few things
4 OK
5 ... a few questions
6 ...few people
7 OK
UNIT 85
85.1
2 I like that green jacket.
3 Do you like classical music?
4 I had a wonderful holiday.
5 We went to a Japanese
restaurant.
85.2
2 black clouds
3 long holiday
4 hot water
5 fresh air
6 sharp knife
7 dangerous job
85.3
2 It looks new.
3 I feel ill.
4 You look surprised.
5 They smell nice.
6 It tastes horrible.
85.4
2 It doesn't look new.
3 You don't sound American.
4 I don't feel cold.
5 They don't look heavy.
6 Maybe, but it doesn't taste
good.
UNIT 86
86.1
2 badly
3 quietly
4 angrily
5 fast
6 dangerously
86.2
2 work hard
3 sleep well
4 win easily
5 Think carefully
6 know her very well
7 explain things very clearly/well
8 Come quickly
86.3
2 angry
3 slowly
4 slow
5 careful
6 hard
7 suddenly
8 quiet
9 badly
10 nice (See Unit 8SC.)
11 quickly
86.4
2 well
3 good
4 well
5 well
6 good ... good
UNIT 87
87.1
2 bigger
3 slower
4 more expensive
5 higher
6 more dangerous
87.2
2 stronger
3 happier
4 more modern
5 more im portant
6 better
7 larger
8 more serious
9 prettier
10 more crowded
87.3
2 hotter/warmer
3 more expensive
8 many
9 How many
10 How much
11 How much
12 How many
me
juntries
?ople
ggage
nes
302

Key to Exercises
4 worse
5 further
6 more difficult or harder
87.4
3 taller
4 harder
5 more comfortable
6 better
7 nicer
8 heavier
9 more interested
10 warmer
11 better
12 bigger
13 more beautiful
14 sharper
15 more polite
16 worse
UNIT 88
88.1
3 Kate is taller than Ben.
4 Kate starts work earlier than
Ben.
5 Ben works harder than Kate.
6 Ben has more money than
Kate. / Ben has got more
money...
7 Kate is a better driver than
Ben.
8 Ben is more patient than Kate.
9 Ben is a better dancer than
Kate. / Ben dances better
than Kate.
10 Kate is more intelligent than
Ben.
11 Kate speaks French better
than Ben. / Kate speaks better
French than Ben. / Kate's
French is better than Ben's.
12 Ben goes to the cinema more
than Kate. /... more often
than Kate.
88.2
2 You're older than her. /...
than she is.
3 You work harder than me. /
... than I do.
4 You watch TV more than
him. /... than he does.
5 You're a better cook than me. /
... than I am. or You cook
better than me. /... than I do.
6 You know more people than
us. /... than we do.
7 You have more money than
them. /... than they have.
8 You can run faster than me. /
... than I can.
9 You've been here longer than
her. /... than she has.
10 You got up earlier than them. /
... than they did.
11 You were more surprised
than him. /... than he was.
88.3
2 Jack's mother is much
younger than his father.
3 My camera cost a bit more
than yours. /... than your
camera, or My camera was
a bit more expensive than ...
4 I feel much better today
than yesterday. /... than I
did yesterday. /... than I felt
yesterday.
5 It's a bit warmer today than
yesterday. /... than it was
yesterday.
6 Sarah is a much better tennis
player than me. /... than I am.
or Sarah is much better at
tennis than me. /... than I am.
or Sarah plays tennis much
better than me. /... than I do.
UNIT 89
89.1
2 A is longer than B, but not as
long as C.
3 C is heavier than A, but not
as heavy as B.
4 A is older than C, but not as
old as B.
5 B has got more money than
C; but not as much as A. or
... but less (money) than A.
6 C works harder than A, but
not as hard as B.
89.2
2 Your room isn't as big as
mine. /... as my room.
3 I didn't get up as early as you. /
... as you did.
4 They didn't play as well as us. /
... as we did.
5 You haven't been here as long
as me. /... as I have.
6 He isn't as nervous as her. /...
as she is.
89.3
2 as 6 than
3 than 7 as
4 than 8 than
5 as
89.4
2 Julia lives in the same street as
Laura.
3 Julia got up at the same time
as Andy.
4 Andy's car is the same colour
as Laura's.
UNIT 90
90.1
2 C is longer than A.
D is the longest.
B is the shortest.
3 D is younger than C.
B is the youngest.
C is the oldest.
4 D is more expensive than A.
C is the most expensive.
A is the cheapest.
5 A is better than C.
A is the best.
D is the worst.
90.2
2 the happiest day
3 the best film
4 the most popular singer
5 the worst mistake
6 the prettiest village
7 the coldest day
8 the most boring person
90.3
2 Everest is the highest
mountain in the world.
3-6
Brazil is the largest country in
South America.
Alaska is the largest state in the
USA.
The Nile is the longest river in
Africa. /... in the world.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the
solar system.
UNIT 91
91.1
2 enough chairs
3 enough paint
4 enough wind
303

Key to Exercises
91.2
2 The car isn't big enough.
3 His legs aren't long enough.
4 He isn't strong enough.
91.3
3 old enough
4 enough time
5 big enough
6 eat enough
7 enough space
8 tired enough
9 practise enough
91.4
2 sharp enough to cut
3 warm enough to go
4 enough bread to make
5 well enough to win
6 enough time to read
UNIT 92
92.1
2 too heavy
3 too low
4 too fast
5 too big
6 too crowded
92.2
3 enough 8 enough
4 too many 9 too
5 too 10 too many
6 enough 11too much
7 too much
92.3
3 It's too far.
4 It's too expensive.
5 It isn't/it's not big enough.
6 It was too difficult.
7 It isn't good enough.
8 I'm too busy.
9 It was too long.
92.4
2 too early to go to bed
3 too young to get married
4 too dangerous to go out at
night
5 too late to phone Sue (now)
6 too surprised to say anything
UNIT 93
93.1
3 I like this picture very much.
4 Tom started his new job last
week.
5 OK
6 Jessica bought a present for
her friend, or Jessica bought
her friend a present.
7 I drink three cups of coffee
every day.
8 OK
9 I borrowed fifty pounds from
my brother.
93.2
2 I got a new phone last week.
3 Paul finished his work quickly.
4 Emily doesn't speak French
very well.
5 I did a lot of shopping
yesterday.
6 Do you know London well?
7 We enjoyed the party very
much.
8 I explained the problem
carefully.
9 We met some friends at the
airport.
10 Did you buy that jacket in
England?
11 We do the same thing every
day.
12 I don't like football very
much.
93.3
2 I arrived at the hotel early.
3 Julia goes to Italy every year.
4 We have lived here since 1998.
5 Sue was born in London in
1990.
6 Paul didn't go to work
yesterday.
7 Helen went to a wedding last
weekend.
8 I had my breakfast in bed this
morning.
9 Amy is going to university in
September.
10 I saw a beautiful bird in the
garden this morning.
11 My parents have been to the
United States many times.
12 I left my umbrella in the
restaurant last night.
13 Are you going to the cinema
tomorrow evening?
14 I took the children to school
this morning.
94.1
2 He always gets up early.
3 He's/He is never late for
work.
4 He sometimes gets angry.
5 He rarely goes swimming.
6 He's/He is usually at home in
the evenings.
94.2
2 Susan is always polite.
3 I usually finish work at 5
o'clock.
4 Sarah has just started a new
job.
5 I rarely go to bed before
midnight.
6 The bus isn't usually late.
7 I don't often eat fish.
8 I will never forget what you
said.
9 Have you ever lost your
passport?
10 Do you still work in the same
place?
11 They always stay in the same
hotel.
12 Jane doesn't usually work on
Saturdays.
13 Is Tina already here?
14 What do you usually have for
breakfast?
15 I can never remember his
name.
94.3
2 Yes, and I also speak French.
3 Yes, and I'm also hungry.
4 Yes, and I've also been to
Ireland.
5 Yes, and I also bought some
books.
94.4
1 They both play football.
They're/They are both
students.
TTiey've both got cars. / They
both have cars.
2 They're/They are all married.
They were all born in England.
They all live in New York.
UNIT 94
304

Key to Exercises
95.1
2 Do you still live in Clare
Street?
3 Are you still a student?
4 Have you still got a
motorbike? / Do you still have
a motorbike?
5 Do you still go to the cinema
a lot?
6 Do you still want to be a
teacher?
95.2
2 He was looking for a job.
He's/He is still looking (for a
job).
He hasn't found a job yet.
3 She was asleep.
She's/She is still asleep.
She hasn't woken up yet. /
She isn't awake yet. or She
hasn't got up yet. / She isn't
up yet.
4 They were having dinner. /
They were eating.
They're/They are still having
dinner. /... still eating.
They haven't finished (dinner)
yet. / They haven't finished
eating yet.
95.3
2 Is Helen here yet? or Has
Helen arrived/come yet?
3 Have you got your (exam)
results yet? / Have you had
your... / Have you received
your...
4 Have you decided where to
go yet? / Do you know where
you're going yet?
95.4
3 She's/She has already gone/
left.
4 I've already got one. / 1already
have one.
5 I've/I have already paid (it).
6 he already knows.
UNIT 96
96.1
2 He gave it to Gary.
3 He gave them to Sarah.
4 He gave it to his sister.
UNIT 95 5 He gave them to Robert.
6 He gave it to a neighbour.
96.2
2 I gave Joanna a plant.
3 I gave Richard a tie.
4 Igave Emma some chocolates /
a box of chocolates.
5 I gave Rachel some flowers /
a bunch of flowers.
6 I gave Kevin a wallet.
96.3
2 Can you lend me an umbrella?
3 Can you give me your address?
4 Can you lend me twenty
pounds?
5 Can you send me more
information?
6 Can you show me the letter?
96.4
2 lend you some money
3 send the bill to me
4 buy you a present
5 pass me the sugar
6 give it to her
7 showed the policeman my
identity card
UNIT 97
97.1
3 I went to the window and (I)
looked out.
4 I wanted to phone you, but I
didn't have your number.
5 Ijumped into the river and (I)
swam to the other side.
6 I usually drive to work, but I
went by bus this morning.
7 Do you want me to come
with you, or shall I wait here?
97.2
Example answers:
2 because it was raining. /
because the weather was bad.
3 but it was closed.
4 so he didn't eat anything. / so
he didn't want anything to
eat.
5 because there was a lot of
traffic. / because the traffic
was bad.
6 Sue said goodbye, got into
her car and drove off/away.
97.3
Example answers:
3 I went to the cinema, butthe
film wasn't very good.
4 I went to a cafe an
dmet
some friends of mine.
5 There was a film on television,
soI watched it.
6 I got up in the middle of the
night becau
seI couldn't
sleep.
UNIT 98
98.1
2 When I'm tired, I like to watch
TV.
3 When I knocked on the door,
there was no answer.
4 When I go on holiday, I
always go to the same place.
5 When the programme ended,
I turned off the TV.
6 When I got to the hotel, there
were no rooms.
98.2
2 when they heard the news
3 they went to live in New
Zealand
4 while they were away
5 before they came here
6 somebody broke into the
house
7 they didn't believe me
98.3
2 I finish
3 it's
4 I'll be ... she leaves
5 stops
6 We'll come... we're
7 I'll bring
8 I'm
9 it gets
10 I'll tell ...I'm
98.4
Example answers:
2 you finish your work
3 I'm going to buy a motorbike
4 you get ready
5 I won't have much free time
6 I come back
305

Key to Exercises
UNIT 99
99.1
2 If you pass the exam, you'll
get a certificate.
3 If you fail the exam, you can
do it again.
4 If you don't want this
magazine, I'll throw it away.
5 If you want those pictures,
you can have them.
6 If you're busy now, we can
talk later.
7 If you're hungry, we can have
lunch now.
8 If you need money, I can lend
you some.
99.2
2 I give
3 is
4 I'll call
5 I'll be... get
6 Will you go ... they invite
99.3
Example answers:
3 ... you're busy.
4 ... you'll feel better in the
morning.
5 ... you're not watching it.
6 ... she doesn't study.
7 ... I'll go and see Chris.
8 ... the weather is good.
9 ... it rains today.
99.4
2 When
3 If
4 If
5 if
6 When
7 if
8 when ... if
UNIT 100
100.1
3 wanted
4 had
5 were/was
6 didn't enjoy
7 could
8 tried
9 didn't have
100.2
3 I'd go / 1would go
4 she knew
5 we had
6 you won
7 I wouldn't stay
8 we lived
9 It would be
10 the salary was/were
11 I wouldn't know
12 would you change
100.3
2 I'd watch it / 1would watch it
3 we had some pictures on the
wall
4 the air would be cleaner
5 every day was/were the same
6 I'd be bored / 1would be
bored
7 we had a bigger house / we
bought a bigger house
8 we would/could buy a bigger
house or
we would/could have a
bigger house
100.4
Example answers:
2 I'd go to Antarctica
3 I didn't have any friends
4 I'd buy a house if I had
enough money.
5 I'd try and help
6 there were no guns
UNIT 101
101.1
2 A butcher is a person who
sells meat.
3 A musician is a person who
plays a musical instrument.
4 A patient is a person who is ill
in hospital.
5 A dentist is a person who
takes care of your teeth.
6 A fool is a person who does
stupid things.
7 A genius is a person who is
very intelligent.
8 A liar is a person who doesn't
tell the truth.
101.2
2 The woman who opened the
door was wearing a yellow
dress.
3 Most of the students who
took the exam passed (it).
4 The policeman who stopped
our car wasn't very friendly.
101.3
2 who
3 which
4 which
5 who
6 which
7 who
8 who
9 which
that is also correct in all these
sentences.
101.4
3 ... a machine that/which
makes coffee.
4 OK (which is also correct)
5 ... people who/that never
stop talking.
6 OK (who is also correct)
7 OK (that is also correct)
8 ... the sentences that/which
are wrong.
9 ... a car that/which cost
£40,000.
UNIT 102
102.1
2 I've lost the pen you gave me.
3 I like the jacket Sue is wearing.
4 Where are the flowers I gave
you?
5 I didn't believe the story he
told us.
6 How much were the oranges
you bought?
102.2
2 The meal you cooked was
excellent.
3 The shoes I'm wearing aren't
very comfortable.
4 The people we invited to
dinner didn't come.
102.3
2 Who are the people you were
talking to?
3 Did you find the keys you
were looking for?
4 Where is the party you're
going to?
5 What's the name of the film
you were talking about?
6 What's that music you're
listening to?
7 Did you get the job you
applied for?
306

Key to Exercises
102.4
2 What's the name of the
restaurant where you had
dinner?
3 How big is the village where
you live?
4 Where exactly is the factory
where you work?
UNIT 103
103.1
3 at 11 at
4 on 12 in
5 in 13 on
6 in 14 on
7 on 15 at
8 on 16 at
9 at 17 at*
10 on 18 in
* American speakers say 'on the
weekend'
103.2
2 on 11 at*
3 at 12 on
4 in 13 in
5 in 14 at
6 in 15 in
7 on 16 on
8 on 17 in
9 in 18 at
10 at 19 at
weekend'
103.3
2 on Friday
3 on Monday
4 at 4 o'clock on Thursday
(afternoon) / on Thursday
(afternoon) at 4 o'clock
5 on Saturday evening
6 at 2.30 on Tuesday
(afternoon) / on Tuesday
(afternoon) at 2.30
103.4
2 I'll call you in three days.
3 My exam is intwo weeks.
4 Tom will be herein half an
hour. /... in 30 minutes.
103.5
3 in
4 - (already complete)
6 in
7 at*
10 on
11 in
12 at
weekend'
UNIT 104
104.1
2 Alex lived in Canada until
2009.
3 Alex has lived in England
since 2009.
4 Karen lived in France until
2011.
5 Karen has lived in Switzerland
since 2011.
6 Clare worked in a restaurant
from 2010 to 2012.
7 Clare has worked in a hotel
since 2012.
8 Adam was a teacher from
2002 to 2008.
9 Adam has been a journalist
since 2008.
11 Alex has lived in England for
... years.
12 Karen has lived in Switzerland
for... years.
13 Clare worked in a restaurant
for two years.
14 Clare has worked in a hotel
for... years.
15 Adam was a teacher for six
years.
16 Adam has been a journalist
for... years.
104.2
2 until 9 since
3 for 10 until
4 since 11 for
5 Until 12 until
6 for 13 Since
7 for 14 for
8 until
UNIT 105
105.1
2 after lunch
3 before the end
4 during the course
5 before they went to Australia
6 during the night
7 while you're waiting
8 after the concert
105.2
3 while
4 for
5 while
6 during
7 while
8 for
9 during
10 while
105.3
2 eating
3 answering
4 having/taking
5 finishing/doing
6 going/travelling
105.4
2 John worked in a bookshop
for two years after leaving
school.
3 Before going to sleep, I read
for a few minutes.
4 After walking for three hours,
we were very tired.
5 Let's have a cup of coffee
before going out.
UNIT 106
106.1
2 In the box.
3 On the box.
4 On the wall.
5 At the bus stop.
6 In the field.
7 On the balcony.
8 In the pool.
9 At the window.
10 On the ceiling.
11 On the table.
12 At the table.
106.2
2 in
3 on
4 in
5 on
6 at
7 in
8 in
9 at
10 at
11 in
12 at
13 on
14 at
15 on the wall in the living room
307

Key to Exercises
UNIT 107
107.1
2 At the airport.
3 In bed
4 On a ship.
5 In the sky.
6 At a party.
7 At the doctor's.
8 On the second floor.
9 At work.
10 On a plane.
11 In a taxi.
12 At a wedding.
107.2
2 in 9 in
3 in 10 in
4 at 11 on
5 at 12 on
6 in 13 at
7 at 14 in
8 at 15 on
UNIT 108
108.1
2 to 6 to
3 in 7 to
4 to 8 in
5 in
108.2
3 to
4 to
5 at home ... to work
6 at
8 to
9 at
10 at a restaurant... to the hotel
108.3
2 to
3 to
4 in
5 to
6 to
7 at
8 to
9 to
10 at
11 at
12 to Maria's house ... at home
14 meet at the party... go to the
party
108.4
1 to
3 at
4 in
5 to
108.5
Example answers:
2 to work
3 at work
4 to Canada
5 to parties
6 at a friend's house
UNIT 109
109.1
2 next to / beside / by
3 in front of
4 between
5 next to / beside / by
6 in front of
7 behind
8 on the left
9 in the middle
109.2
2 behind
3 above
4 in front of
5 on
6 by / next to / beside
7 below / under
8 above
9 under
10 by / next to / beside
11 opposite
12 on
109.3
2 The fountain is in front of the
theatre.
3 The bank/bookshop is
opposite the theatre, or
Paul's office is opposite the
theatre, or The theatre is
opposite...
4 The bank/bookshop/
supermarket is next to ...
5 Paul's office is above the
bookshop.
6 The bookshop is between the
bank and the supermarket.
UNIT 110
110.1
2 Go under the bridge.
3 Go up the hill.
4 Go down the steps.
5 Go along this street.
6 Go into the hotel.
7 Go past the hotel.
8 Go out of the hotel.
9 Go over the bridge.
10 Go through the park.
110.2
2 off
3 over
4 out of
5 across
6 round/around
7 through
8 on
9 round/around
10 into the house through a
window
110.3
1 out of
2 round/around
3 in
4 from here to the airport
5 round/around
6 on/over
7 over
8 out of/from
UNIT 111
111.1
2 on time
3 on holiday
4 on the phone
5 on TV
111.2
2 by
3 with
4 about
5 on
6 by
7 at
8 on
9 with
10 about grammar by Vera P
. Bull
111.3
1 with 6 by
2 without 7 on
3 by 8 with
4 about 9 at
5 at 10 by
308

Key to Exercises
11 about
12 by
13 on
UNIT 112
112.1
2 in
3 to
4 at
14 with
15 by
16 by
5 with
6 of
112.2
2 at
3 to
4 about
5 of
6 of
7 from/to (You can also say
different than ...)
8 in
9 for
10 about
11 of
12 for/about getting angry with
you
112.3
2 interested in going
3 good at getting
4 fed up with waiting
5 sorry for/about waking
6 Thank you for waiting.
112.4
2 Sue walked past me without
speaking.
3 Don't do anything without
asking me first.
4 I went out without locking
the door.
112.5
Example answers:
2 I'm scared of the dark.
3 I'm not very good at drawing.
4 I'm not interested in cars.
5 I'm fed up with living here.
UNIT 113
113.1
2 to
3 for
4 to
5 at
6 for
113.2
2 to
3 to
5 for
6 to
7 of/about
8 for
9 on
10 to
11 for
13 to
14 on
15 of/about
113.3
1 at 4 after
2 after 5 at
3 for 6 for
113.4
Example answers:
3 It depends on the
programme.
4 It depends (on) what it is.
5 It depends on the weather.
6 It depends (on) how much
you want.
UNIT 114
114.1
2 went in
3 looked up
4 rode off/away
5 turned round/around
6 got off
7 sat down
8 got out
114.2
2 away
3 round/around
4 going o u t... be back
5 down
6 over
7 back
8 in
9 up
10 going away ... coming back
114.3
2 Hold on
3 slowed down
4 takes off
5 getting on
6 speak up
7 broken down
8 fall over / fall down
9 carry on
10 gave up
11 went off
UNIT 115
115.1
2 She took off her hat. or She
took her hat off.
3 He put down his bag. or He
put his bag down.
4 She picked up the magazine.
or She picked the magazine
up.
5 He put on his sunglasses, or
He put his sunglasses on.
6 She turned off the tap. or
She turned the tap off.
115.2
2 He put his jacket on.
He put it on.
3 She took off her glasses.
She took them off.
4 I picked the phone up.
I picked it up.
5 They gave the key back.
They gave it back.
6 We turned off the lights.
We turned them off.
115.3
2 take it back
3 picked them up
4 switched it off
5 bring them back
115.4
3 knocked over
4 look it up
5 throw them away
6 tried on
7 showed me round
8 gave it up or gave up (without
it)
9 fill it in
10 put your cigarette out
309

Key to Additional exercises
1
3 Kate is a doctor.
4 The children are asleep.
5 Gary isn't hungry.
6 The books aren't on the table.
7 The hotel is near the station.
8 The bus isn't full.
2
3 she's / she is
4 Where are
5 Is he
6 It's / It is
7 I'm / 1am or No, I'm not.
I'm a student.
8 What colour is
9 Is it
10 Are you
11 How much are they?
3
3 He's/He is having a shower.
4 Are the children playing?
5 Is it raining?
6 They're/They are coming
now.
7 Why are you standing here?
I'm/I am waiting for
somebody.
4
4 Sam doesn't want
5 Do you want
6 Does Helen live
7 Sarah knows
8 I don't travel
9 do you usually get up
10 They don't go out
11 Tom always finishes
12 does Jessica do ... She works
5
3 She's/She is a student.
4 She hasn't got a car. or She
doesn't have a car.
5 She goes out a lot.
6 She's got/She has got a lot of
friends, or She has a lot of
friends.
7 She doesn't like London.
8 She likes dancing.
9 She isn't/She's not interested
in sport.
1 Are you married?
Where do you live?
Have you got any children?
or Do you have any
children?
How old is she?
2 How old are you?
What do you do? / Where do
you work? / What's your job?
Do you like/enjoy your job?
Have you got a car? or Do
you have a car?
Do you (usually) go to work
by car?
3 What's his name? / What's he
called?
What does he do? / What's
his job?
Does he live/work in London?
7
4 Sonia is 32 years old.
5 I've got two sisters, or I
have two sisters.
6 We often watch TV in the
evening.
7 Amy never wears a hat.
8 A bicycle has got two wheels.
or ... has two wheels.
9 These flowers are beautiful.
10 Emma speaks German very
well.
8
3 are you cooking
4 plays
5 I'm going
6 It's raining
7 I don't watch
8 we're looking
9 do you pronounce
9
2 we go
3 is shining
4 are you going
5 do you go
6 She writes
7 I never read
8 They're watching
9 She's talking
10 do you usually have
11 He's visiting
12 I don't drink
10
2 went
3 found
4 was
5 had
6 told
7 gave
8 were
9 thought
10 invited/asked
11
3 He was good at sport.
4 He played football.
5 He didn't work hard at
school.
6 He had a lot of friends.
7 He didn't have a bike.
8 He wasn't a quiet child.
12
3 How long were you there? /
How long did you stay there?
4 Did you like/enjoy
Amsterdam?
5 Where did you stay?
6 Was the weather good?
7 When did you get/come
back?
13
3 I forgot
4 did you get
5 I didn't speak
6 Did you have
7 he didn't go
8 she arrived
9 did Robert live
10 The meal didn't cost
14
2 were working
3 opened
4 rang ... was cooking
5 heard... looked
6 was looking ... happened
7 wasn't reading ... was
watching
8 didn't read
9 finished ... paid ... left
10 saw ... was walking ... was
waiting
15
3 is playing
4 gave
5 doesn't like
310

Key to Additional exercises
6 did your parents go
7 saw ... was driving
8 Do you watch
9 were you doing
10 goes
11 m/am trying
12 didn't sleep
16
3 it's/it has just finished/ended.
4 l've/l have found them, or
I've got them.
5 I haven't read it.
6 Have you seen her?
7 I've/I have had enough.
8 Have you (ever) been to
Sweden?
9 We've/We have (just) been
to the cinema.
10 They've/They have gone to a
party.
11 He's/He has (just) woken up.
12 How long have you lived
here? or ... have you been
living here?
13 we've/we have known each
other for a long time.
14 It's/It has been raining all day.
or It has rained all day. or
It has been horrible/bad all
day.
17
3 's/has been
4 for
5 since
6 has he lived / has he been /
has he been living
7 for
8 've/have been
18
Example answers:
3 I've just started this exercise.
4 I've met Sarah a few times.
5 I haven't had lunch yet.
6 I've never been to Australia.
7 I've lived here since I was
born.
8 I've lived here for three years.
19
3 bought/got
4 went
5 've/have read or read or
've/have finished with
6 haven't started (it) or
haven't begun (it)
7 was
8 didn't see
9 left
10 's/has been
11 was
12 've/have never i
20
3 He's/He has already gone.
4 she left at 4 o'clock.
5 How many times have you
been there?
6 I haven't decided yet.
7 It was on the table last night.
8 I've eaten there a few times.
9 What time did they arrive?
21
1 When was the last time? or
When did you go the last
time?
2 How long have you had it?
I bought/got it yesterday.
3 How long have you lived
there / have you been there /
have you been living there?
Before that we lived in Mill
Road.
How long did you live in Mill
Road?
4 How long have you worked
there / have you been
working there?
What did you do before that?
I was a taxi driver, or I
worked as a taxi driver.
22
Example answers:
2 I didn't go out last night.
3 I was at work yesterday
afternoon.
4 I went to a party a few days
ago.
5 It was my birthday last week.
6 I went to America last year.
23
2 B 9 C
3 D 10 D
4 A 11 A
5 A 12 C
6 D 13 B
7 C 14 C
8 B 15 A
24
1 was damaged ... be knocked
down
2 was built... is used ... is being
painted
3 is called ... be called ... was
changed
4 have been made ... are
produced
25
2 is visited
3 were damaged
4 be built
5 is being cleaned
6 be forgotten
7 has already been done
8 be kept
9 Have you ever been bitten
10 was stolen
26
2 My car was stolen last week.
3 All the bananas have been
eaten.
4 The machine will be repaired.
5 We're/We are being watched.
6 The housework has to be
done.
27
3 pushed
4 was pushed
5 has taken
6 is being repaired
7 invented
8 was the camera invented
9 have been washed or were
washed
10 I've/I have washed them, or
I washed them.
11 did they send or have they
sent
12 be sent
28
2 B 8 B
3 A 9 B
4 C 10 A
5 B 11 B
6 C 12 C
7 C
311

Key to Exercises
1 I stayed
did you do
I watched
Are you going
I'm going
are you going to see
I don't know. I haven't
decided
2 have you been
We arrived
are you staying / are you
going to stay
do you like
we're having
3 I'm going ... Do you want
are you going
Have you ever eaten
I've been ... I went
4 I've lost... Have you seen
You were wearing ... I came
I'm not wearing
Have you looked / Did
you look
I’ll go
30
1 we met
2 we sat / we were sitting
3 We didn't know
4 we became
5 we liked
6 we spent
7 We left
8 we meet
9 has been
10 she's working
11 She's coming
12 she comes
13 we'll have / we're going to
have
14 It will be
31
2 we're staying
3 we enjoyed
4 We watched
5 slept
6 I don't sleep
7 we're not doing / we're not
going to do or we aren't
doing / we aren't going to do
8 we're going
9 to see
10 We haven't decided
11 wants
12 to go
13 I'll send
14 you're having
15 are working / have been
working
16 he had
17 he needs
18 We've been
19 We got
20 seeing
21 I liked
22 we went
23 we left
24 had
25 he wasn't injured
26 was damaged
27 We've changed / We changed
28 we're leaving
29 We're staying / We're going
to stay / We'll stay
30 flying
31 That will be / That's going to
be
32 finished
33 I'll let
34 we get
35 are looking
36 We're going
37 we'll send
32
2 A 11 B
3 B 12 A
4 C 13 C
5 B 14 B
6 C 15 C
7 B 16 A
8 A 17 C
9 C 18 B
10 A
33
2 a car
3 the fridge
4 a teacher
5 school
6 the cinema
7 a taxi
8 the piano
9 cars
10 the same
34
4 a horse
5 The sky
6 a tourist
7 for lunch (-)
8 the first President of the
United States
9 a headache
10 remember names (-)
11 the next train
12 send emails (-)
13 the garden
14 the Majestic Hotel
15 ill last week (-)... to work (-)
16 the highest mountain in the
world
17 to the radio ... having
breakfast (-)
18 like sport (-)... is basketball
(-)
19 a doctor... an art teacher
20 the second floor... the top
of the stairs... on the right
21 After dinner
watched TV (-)
22 a wonderful holiday in the
south of France (-)
35
2 in 12 at
3 on 13 at
4 at 14 in
5 on 15 at
6 in 16 on
7 since 17 by
8 on 18 for.. . on
9 by 19 t o ... in
10 in 20 a t ... in
11 for
312

Key to Study guide
Present Verb forms Questions
1.1 B 5.1 D 10.1 D
1.2 A 5.2 B 10.2 D
1.3 C
Future
10.3 A
1.4 A 10.4 A
1.5 C,D 6.1 A 10.5 B
1.6 B 6.2 A 10.6 D
1.7 D 6.3 C 10.7 B
1.8 C 6.4 A, B 10.8 A
1.9 C 6.5 B 10.9 C E
1.10 A 6.6 C 10.10 C
1.11 C 6.7 D 10.11 A
1.12 A 6.8 C 10.12 A, C
1.13 D 6.9 B
1.14
1.15
1.16
C
A
D
Reported speech
Modals, imperative etc.
7.1 C, D
11.1
11.2
E
A, B, D
C,D
A, D
7.2 A, C
1.17
1.18
7.3 A -ing and to ...
7.4 D 12.1 B
Past 7.5 B 12.2 D
2.1 B 7.6 E 12.3 B
2.2 E 7.7 B, D 12.4 C
2.3 D 7.8 D 12.5 B, C
2.4 B 7.9 C 12.6 C
2.5 A 7.10 C 12.7 A
2.6 D 7.11 A 12.8 D
2.7 A 7.12 E
Go, get, do, make and have
2.8 C There and it 13.1 A, D
2.9 C
8.1 B 13.2 C
Present perfect 8.2 E 13.3 C,D
3.1 B, E 8.3 A 13.4 A, D
3.2 D 8.4 A 13.5 B
3.3 B 8.5 B 13.6 D
3.4 D Auxiliary verbs Pronouns and possessives
3.5 E
9.1 C 14.1 A
3.6 B
C
9.2 A 14.2
3.7 A
C
c 9.3 14.3 D
3.8
D
9.4 B 14.4 B
3.9
9.5 B 14.5 B, C
3.10 E
9.6 C 14.6 A
Passive 9.7 D 14.7 E
4.1 D 14.8 A
4.2 C 14.9 D
4.3 E 14.10 C
4.4 A
4.5 A
313

Key to Study Guide
A and the
15.1 C
15.2 B
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
A, C
A
D
C
B
B
E
D
B
A
16.1 C 18.1 B
16.2 C 18.2 C
16.3 B 18.3 B
16.4 B 18.4 A
16.5 C 18.5 A, D
16.6 A, C
16.7 D
Conjunctior
16.8 B, D 19.1 C
16.9 A 19.2 A
16.10 B 19.3 D
16.11 E 19.4 E
16.12 B, D 19.5 B,C
16.13 A 19.6 A, B
16.14 A, B 19.7 B, D
16.15 D 19.8 A
16.16 A, C
16.17 D
16.18 B
16.19 A
Adjectives and adverbs
17.1 A
17.2 C
17.3 C
17.4 D
17.5 B
17.6 B
17.7 A, C
17.8 E
17.9 A
17.10 B
17.11 D
17.12 A
17.13 D
17.14 C
Word order
Prepositions
20.1 D
20.2 E
20.3 C,D
20.4 B
20.5 A, D
20.6 A
20.7 B
20.8 C
20.9 B
20.10 D
20.11 D
20.12 A
20.13 C
20.14 D
20.15 A
20.16 E
20.17 C
20.18 B
20.19 D
20.20 D
Phrasal verbs
21.1 C
21.2 A, B
21.3 B
314

Index
The numbers are unit numbers (not
page numbers).
a/an 65
a and some 67-68
a/an and the 69
about 111E
above 109E
active and passive Appendix 1
across 110
adjectives 85
adjectives and adverbs (quick/
quickly) 86
comparatives (older / more
expensive) 87-89
superlatives (the oldest / the most
expensive) 90
get + adjective (get tired etc.) 56B
possessive adjectives (my/your/her
etc.) 60,62
something!anybody etc. + adjective
79C
adjectives + preposition (afraid of
etc.) 112A
adverbs 86
word order (alwaysIusuallyIoften
etc.) 94
advise (advise somebody to ...) 53B
afraid (of) 112A
after 98,105
ago 19B
all
all and every etc. 80
all (of) 81
word order 94
along 110
already 95C
already + present perfect 16B
word order 94
also (word order) 94
always
always + present simple 5C
word order 94
am/is/are 1-2
am/is/are -ing (present continuous)
3-4, 23A, 25, 51C
there is / there are 37
an see a
and 97
angry (with/about) 112A
another 65B
any
any and some 76
not + any 77
any and no 77
any (of) 81
anybody/anyone/anything 76D,
78-79
anywhere 79
apostrophe (I'm, it's etc.)
Appendix 4
apostrophe's (my brother's car) 64
are see am/is/are
around 110,114-115, Appendix 7
arrive 108C
articles (a/an/the) 65-73
a/an 65,67-68
a/an and the 69
the 70-73
as (not as ... as) 89
ask
as/c somebody to ... 53B
tfs/c somebodyfor ... 113A
at
at 8 o'clock / at night etc. 103
at the bus stop / at work etc.
106-107
at and to 108
at the age o f... 111B
auxiliary verbs 23, 40-42
away
run away / throw away etc. (phrasal
verbs) 114-115, Appendix 7
back
come back/give back etc. (phrasal
be (infinitive of am/is/are)
am/is/are 1-2
am/is/are + -ing (present
continuous) 3-4, 23A, 25, 51C
was/were 10
was/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 23A, 51C
have/has been (present perfect)
15-18
passive 21-22, Appendix 1
will be 27
because 97
been
have/has been (present perfect)
15-18
been and gone 17C
there has/have been 38B
before 98,105
begin (begin to ... or begin -ing) 52C
behind 109A
belong (to) 113A
below 109E
beside 109A
best 90B
better 87D
between 109A
bit (a bit older/bigger etc.) 88D
born 21C
both 82
word order 94
but 97
by 111C
by after the passive (I was bitten by
a dog.) 21D
by myself/ by yourself etc. 63C
by (= beside) 109C
can/can't 30
comparative (older / more expensive
etc.) 87-89
conditional (if...)
if I do... 99
if I did... 100
conjunctions 97-100
and/but/or/so/because 97
when,/before,/while/after/until 98
if 99-100
continue (continue to ... or continue
-ing) 52C
contractions (short forms - I'm, it's,
you've etc.) Appendix 4
could/couldn't 30C-D
countable and uncountable nouns
67-68
depend (on) 113C
did
didn't in negatives 12, 23D, 40C,
43B, 51A
did in questions 12, 23D, 40C, 44B,
51A
different (from) 112A
direct speech and reported speech
50
do and make 57
don't/doesn't in negatives 6, 23D,
40C, 43B, 51A
do/does in questions 7,23D, 40C,
44B, 51A
don't go / don'tfall etc.
(imperative) 35B
down 110
sit down / put down etc. (phrasal
verbs) 114-115, Appendix 6-7
during 105
315

Index
each other 63D
either
either and too 42A
either (of) 82
embedded questions (Do you know
what... ?etc.) 49
end (at the end of) 103B, 106B
enjoy
enjoy-ing 52B
enjoy myself/yourselfetc. 63A
enough 91
enough and too 92D
ever
Have you ever... ? 17
superlative + ever 90E
word order 94
every 80
everybody/everyone/
everything/everywhere 80C
expect 52A; 53B
far
Howfar is it? 39A, 47D
far -^further 87B
fast 86C
fed up (with) 112A
few/a few 84
finish (finish -ing) 52B
for
for ten minutes I for three years etc.
19,104D
for and to... 54B
gofor a walk etc. 55C
for and during 105C
from 104A, 110
front (infront of) 109A-B
full (of) 112A
further 87B
future 25-28
I'm working tomorrow, (present
continuous) 25
The concert starts at 7.30. (present
simple) 25C
(I'm) going to (do something) 26
will 27-28
shall 27D, 28C
future after when/before/while etc.
98B
future after if 99B
geographical names with and
without the 73
gerund see-ing
get 56
get to (a place) 56C, 108C
get on /get up etc. (phrasal verbs)
114, Appendix 6
give
give something to somebody / give
somebody something 96
give up / give back etc. (phrasal
verbs) 115, Appendix 6-7
go 55
go -ing (go swimming etc.) 55D
go home / go to work / go to the
cinema 71
go in I go back etc. (phrasal verbs)
114
going to (I'm going to do something)
26
gone and been 17C
good
good and well 86D
good at 112A
got
past ofget 11C, 56
have/has got 9, 58A
had
pastoftoai/e 11C
had to 33B
He said he had (done something)
50, Appendix 1.1
happen (to) 113A
hard 86C
has see have
hate 52C-D
have 9,58
have got / has got 9, 58A
have done / have been etc. (present
perfect) 15-18, 23C
have to 33
have a nice time / havefun etc.
35A
have breakfast / have a shower etc.
58B
her 59-60,62
hers 61-62
herself 63
him 59, 62
himself 63
his 60-62
holiday (on holiday) 55B, 111A
home 55A, 71A, 108B
get home 56C, 108C
how 47
How long have you ... ?(present
perfect) 18
how big?/ how old?/ howfar? etc.
47D
How long does it take? 48
how much? / how many? 83A
l/you/he/she etc. (personal
pronouns) 59,62
if 99-100
if we go / ifyou see etc. 99
if and when 99C
if I had / if we went 100
Do you know if... ? 49C
imperative (do this / don't do that
etc.) 35
in
in April / in summer etc. 103
in a room / in hospital etc. 106—
107
infive minutes / in three years etc.
103E
/Viand to 108
put something in 110
go in/fill in etc. (phrasal verbs)
114-115, Appendix 7
infinitive (do/see/play etc.)
infinitive (do/see etc.) and to +
infinitive (to do /to see etc.) 51,
53
can/will/should etc. + infinitive
51A
verbs + to + infinitive (I want to go
etc.) 51B, 52-53
infinitive and -ing (do/doing etc.)
51-52
I went to the shop to buy ...
(infinitive for purpose) 54
infinitive andfo r... 54B
adjective + infinitive (it's easy to
...) 39B
something to eat / nowhere to go
etc. 79D
-ing (doing/playing/going etc.)
am/is/are + -ing (present
continuous) 3-4,23A, 25, 51C
13, 23A, 51C
-ing and infinitive (do/doing etc.)
51-52
verbs + -ing (enjoy -ing etc.)
52B-C
go -ing (go swimming etc.) 55D
prepositions + -ing 105D, 112B
interested (in) 112A
into 110
irregular verbs 11C, 24B, Appendix
2-3
is see am/is/are
it 39, 59B
it is and there is 37B, 39A
it's and its 60C
its 60
just
just + present perfect 16A
word order 94
316

Index
kind (kind to somebody / kind of
somebody) 112A
know (Do you know where...?) 49
learn (learn to...) 52A
left (on the left) 109A
lend (lend something to somebody)
96
less 88C
let 53D
let's (let's go / let's dance etc) 35C,
53D
like (What is it like?) 46B
like (verb)
would like 34, 52D, 53A
do you like?and would you like?
34C
like to ... or like -ing 52C
listen (to) 113A
little / a little 84
look
look + adjective (look tired etc.)
85C
look at/for/after 113B
lot (a lot of...) 83
love 52C-D
make 57
make somebody do something 53D
make and do 57
many
many and much 83
not as many (as) 89B
too many 92C
married
married to 112A
get married 56B
may 29D
me/you/him etc (personal
pronouns) 59,62
middle (in the middle of) 107A,
109A
might 29
mind (I don't mind -ing) 52B
mine/yours/hers etc (possessive
pronouns) 61-62
modal verbs (will/can/might etc.)
27-34, 51A
more 87C, 88
most
most (of) 81
the most expensive / the most
difficult etc. 90
much
much and many 83
much bigger / much more expensive
88D
not as much (as) 89B
too much 92C
must 31
mustn't 31C
must and should 32E
must and have to 33D
my/your/his etc. (possessive
adjectives) 60,62
myself/yourself etc. (reflexive
pronouns) 63
need
don't need to ... 31D
need to ... 52A
negatives 43
negative questions 44C
no and none 77
not + any 77-78
neither
Neither am I / Neither do I etc. 42B
neither (of) 82
never
never + present simple 5C
never + present perfect 17B
word order 94
next to 109A
nice (nice to somebody / nice of
somebody) 112A
no (no money / nofriends etc.)
77A-B, 81B
nobody/no-one/nothing 78-79
no-one and none 77C
none 77B-C,81B-C
nor (Nor am I / Nor do I etc.) 42B
nouns (countable and uncountable)
67-68
nowhere 79
of
the roofof the building etc. 64C
the... of... 73E
off 110
get off/ turn off etc. (phrasal verbs)
114-115, Appendix 6
offer (to do something) 52A
often
often + present simple 5C
word order 94
on
on Monday / on 25 April etc. 103
on the table / on the wall 106-107
on the left/right 109A
on holiday / on television etc. 111A
go on (holiday/ a trip etc.) 55B
get on / put on etc. (phrasal verbs)
114-115, Appendix 6-7
one/ones 75
opposite 109B
or 97A-B
ought to 32F
our 60,62
ours 61-62
ourselves 63
out
out of 110
go out / put out etc. (phrasal verbs)
114-115, Appendix 6-7
over 110
climb over / knock over (phrasal
verbs) 114-115, Appendix 6-7
pair (a pair of...) 66B
passive 21-22, 23B, Appendix 1
present simple (is done) and past
simple (was done) 21
present continuous (is being done)
and present perfect (has been
done) 22
will/can/must (etc.) be done
Appendix 1.2
past (Co past the cinema ...) 110
past continuous (was/were + -ing)
13-14, 23A,51C
past continuous (I was doing) and
past simple (I did) 14
past continuous passive Appendix
1.1
past participle (cleaned,/done,/seen
etc.) 24A
present perfect (I have cleaned) 15,
23C
passive (the room was cleaned)
21-22, 23B, Appendix 1
regular (cleaned) and irregular
(seen) 24B, Appendix 2-3
past perfect
He said he had (done something) 50
active and passive Appendix 1.1
past simple (did/cleaned/saw etc.)
11-12
negative (didn't...) 12,43B
questions (did... ?) 12,44B
was/were 10
regular (cleaned) and irregular verbs
(saw) 11B-C, Appendix 2-3
past simple + ago 19B
past simple (I did) and present
perfect (I have done) 20
past simple (I did) and past
continuous (I was doing) 14
past simple passive (the room was
cleaned) 21,23B, Appendix 1.1
if+ past simple (if I had /if we
went) 100
people 66C-D
personal pronouns (l/me/you etc.)
59,62
persuade (persuade somebody to
...) 53B
317

Index
phrasal verbs (get up / put on etc.)
114-115, Appendix 6-7
plural (cup —
>cups / man —
>men
etc.) 66
police (plural) 66D
possessive adjectives
(my/your/his etc.) 60,62
possessive pronouns
(mine/yours/his etc.) 61-62
prefer 52C-D
prepositions 103-113
at/on/in (time) 103
for/since 19,104
until 104A-B
before,/after/'during/while 105
in/at/on (places) 106-107
to/in/at (places) 108
on 103,106-107,109A, 111A
at 103,106-108,111B
under/behind/opposite etc.
(position) 109
up/over/through etc. (movement)
110
by 109C, 111C
with/without 111D, 112B
about 111E
prepositions + -ing (in -ing /without
-ing etc.) 105D, 112B
adjective + prepositions (afraid of
etc.) 112A
verb + preposition (listen to / wait
for etc.) 113
prepositions at the end (Who is she
talking to?) 46
prepositions in relative clauses (the
man she is talking to) 102B
present continuous (am/is/are +
-ing) 3-4, 23A, 51C
negative (I'm not -ing) 3
questions (are you -ing?) 4
present continuous (I am doing)
and present simple (I do) 8
present continuous passive 22A,
Appendix 1.1
present continuous for the future
(What are you doing tomorrow?)
25
present perfect (I have done)
15-20, 23C
present perfect +just 16A
present perfect + already 16B
present perfect +yet 16C, 95B
Have you ever... ? 17
gone and been 17C
How long have you ... ? 18
present perfect +for/since 18-19
present perfect continuous (I have
been -ing) 18B
present perfect (I have done) and
past simple (I did) 20
present perfect passive 22B,
Appendix 1.1
regular and irregular verbs 15B, 24,
Appendix 2-3
present simple (I work / she works
etc.) 5-7, 23D
negative (don’t/doesn't) 6, 43B
questions (do/does ... ?) 7, 44B
present simple + always/usually/
never etc. 5C
present simple (I do) and present
continuous (I am doing) 8
present simple passive (the room is
cleaned) 21,23B, Appendix 1.1
present simple for the future (1he
concert starts at 7.30.) 25C
present simple after when/while
etc. 98B
present simple after if 99B
promise (promise to ...) 52A
pronouns
personal pronouns (l/me/you etc.)
59,62
possessive pronouns (mine/yours
etc.) 61-62
reflexive pronouns (myself/yourself
etc.) 63
one/ones 75
relative pronouns (who/which/that)
101-102
put
put something in ... 110
put on / put out etc. (phrasal verbs)
115, Appendix 7
questions 44-47
am/is/are...? 2
do/does ... ? (present simple) 7,
44B
did... ? (past simple) 12, 44B
Why don’t ... ?/ Why isn’t ... ?etc.
44C
Who saw you? / Who did you see?
45
preposition at the end (Who is she
talking to?) 46
What / Which / How... ? 47
How long does it take? 48
Do you know where... ? (embedded
questions) 49
reply questions (Have you? / Are
you? etc.) 41A
question tags (... do you? I ... isn’t it?
etc.) 41B
reflexive pronouns (myself/yourself
etc.) 63
regular and irregular verbs 11, 24,
Appendix 2-3
relative clauses 101-102
relative pronouns (who/which/that)
101-102
reply questions (Have you? / Are
you?) 41A
reported speech
He said that... / He told me that
... 50
He told me to ... 53B-C
right (on the right) 109A
round 110
turn round / show round (phrasal
's (apostrophe's) 64, Appendix 4.5
same 70B, 89E
say/said
He said that... (reported speech)
50
say and tell 50B
scared (of) 112A
shall 27D, 28C
short forms (I’m / it’s /you've etc.)
Appendix 4
should 32
simple past see past simple
simple present see present simple
since 19A, 104C
singular and plural (flower —
>
flowers) 66
so
so am I / so do I etc. 42B
I was tired, so I went to bed. 97
some
some and a/an 67-68
some and any 76
some (of) 81
somebody/someone/
something/somewhere 76, 79
sometimes
sometimes + present simple 5C
word order 94
sorry (sorry about and sorryfor)
112A
speak (to) 113A
spelling Appendix 5
start (start to ... and start -ing) 52C
still 95
word order 94
stop (stop -ing) 52B
suggest (suggest -ing) 52B
superlative (the biggest / the most
expensive etc.) 90
318

Index
tags (question tags) 41B
take (How long does it take?) 48
talk (to) 113A
tell/told
He told me that... 50
tell and say 50B
Can you tell me where... ? 49A
He told me to ... 53B-C
tenses
active and passive Appendix 1.1
present continuous (I am doing)
3-4, 23A, 25, 51C
present simple (I do) 5-7, 23D, 25C
past simple (I did) 11-12,14, 20,
23D
past continuous (I was doing)
13-14, 23A, 51C
present perfect (I have done)
15-20, 23C
be/have/do in present and past
tenses 23
than 88-89
that 74
He said that... (reported speech)
50C
that and this 74
a thing that... (relative clauses)
101
the 69-73
the and a/an 69
the same 70B
the sun / the sky etc. 70C
the cinema / the theatre / the bank
etc. 71B
flowers / theflowers 72
the in names of places 73
the biggest / the most expensive
etc. 90
their 60,62
theirs 61,62
them 59,62
themselves 63
there
there is/are 37
there was/were 38A
there will be 38C
there is and it is 37B
these 74
think (think about / think of) 113A
this 74
those 74
through 110
till (= until) 104B
to
time 104A
places 108,110
goto... 55A, 108A
get to... 56C, 108C
to + infinitive (to go / to be etc.)
see infinitive
too 92
too and either 42A
turn (turn round / turn on etc.)
(phrasal verbs) 114-115, Appendix
7
uncountable nouns
(salt/water/music etc.) 67-68
under 109D, 110
until 98B, 104A-B
up 110
get up / pick up etc. (phrasal verbs)
114-115, Appendix 6-7
us 59,62
used (I used to ...) 36
usually
usually + present simple 5C
word order 94
verbs
present tenses 1-9, 23, 25
past tenses 10-14, 20, 23
present perfect 15-20,23
passive 21-22, Appendix 1
regular and irregular verbs 24,
Appendix 2-3
future 25-28
modal verbs (will,/can,/should etc.)
27-34, 51A
negatives 43
questions 44-47
reported speech 50
verbs + -ing 51-52
verbs + to ... (infinitive) 51-53
verbs + preposition (look at / speak
to etc.) 113
phrasal verbs (get up / put on etc.)
114-115, Appendix 6-7
wait (for) 54C, 113A
want
want to... 52A
want somebody to ... 53A
was/were 10
13, 23A, 51C
was/were done (passive) 21,23B
there was/were 38A
if I was/were... 100B
well 86D
were see was
what
What... ?and Who ... ? 45C
What... like? 46B
W hat...? 47
What... ?and Which ... ? 47C
when 98
when and if 99C
whether 49C
which
W hich...? 47
Which ... ?and What... ? 47C
Which one/ones? 75B
a thing which ... (relative clauses)
101
while 98,105
who
Who... ? 45
a person who ... (relative clauses)
101
whose (Whose is this?) 61D
will 27-28
will and shall 27D, 28C
won't 27A
there will be 38C
with/without 111D
with/without + -ing 112B
won't (= will not) 27A
word order
questions 44-46
present continuous questions 4B
present simple questions 7B
past simple questions 12D
passive 21-22
Do you know where ...? (embedded
questions) 49
verb + object 93A
place and time 93B
always/usually/often etc. 94
after give/lend/send etc 96
worse 87D
worst 90B
would
I’d like / would you like? 34
would like/love etc. 52D
He would buy a car if he had the
money. 100
yet 95B
yet + present perfect 16C
you 59,62
your 60,62
yours 61-62
yourself/yourselves 63
319

N11<
41273832
109
Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin
III III III III
Essential Grammar in Use
With answers • Fourth Edition
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