Establishment Identity of a Person FMT.ppt
- 1. Establishment of Personal Identity Deptt. Of Forensic Medicine M.M.IM.S.R Mullana.
- 2. Medico legal Aspects of Identification : 1.Race a) Clothing: Traditional Indian dress (dhoti and sari) is different from traditional western dress (suit and skirt) . b) Complexion: The skin is dark in negroes, brown in Indians, and fair in Europeans. d) Eyes: Indians have dark or brown eyes. Europeans have a blue or grey iris.Variation in colour,however is common.
- 3. c) Hair: The hair of Indians are black, long and fine ; of Chinese and Japanese black, and thick ;of Blacks wooly, short curly(and arranged in tight spirals);and of Europeans fair, light brown, reddish or blonde, and of any length. d) Teeth: The lower jaw is strongly proganthic,and a star shaped configuration is often seen on the occlusal surface of molars, and the third molar is bigger than the first two molars in the blacks but not in other races. The upper incisor teeth of Mongols are frequently shovel shaped.
- 4. f) Feet: While comparing the footprint of the suspect with the original , peculiarities such as flat foot , supernumerary toes, etc ,should be specially looked for and, if present ,are helpful for identification . In case of boot mark, the pattern and arrangement of nails may be useful. g) Tattoo Marks: Tatto marks may indicate :The identity of a person, race(extensive tattooing on chest and limbs in Japanese , religion (design of Hanuman, Lord Krishna , Cross or Christ),profession/occupation, behavioral characteristics (erotic tattoos of sexual
- 5. fanatic),social status(generally made by lower classes of society), political convictions(cow and calf , sword and sickle). 2. Determination of Race from Skull: a) Cephalic Index: Certain differences exist between the negroid(black),Caucasoid(Europeans) and Mongoloid(Japanese ,Chinese ,South east Asian, native Americans, Koreans) skulls . They can be determined by the cephalic index. 1. Dolicho-Cephalic or Long Headed- Index is between 70 and 74.9 Seen in Blacks and Indians.
- 6. 2. Mesati-Cephalic or Medium Long Headed- Index is between 75 and 79.9 Seen in Europeans and Chinese. 3. Brachy-Cephallic or Round Headed- Index is 80m or above Seen in Mangolian race. Other Indices: The Height Index- Is obtained by multiplying the height of the skull (tip of the mastoid process to the bregma) by 100 and dividing it by the length of the skull. Nasal Index: It is obtained by multiplying the width of the nasal aperture by 100 and then dividing it by the height of the nasal aperture.
- 7. • Radio Humeral Index- In Europeans it is below 75 and in Blacks it is Above 80. • Tibio-femoral index: In Europeans it is Below 83 and in Blacks Above 83.
- 8. FEATURE MALE FEMALE General build Muscular, strong and stout Less muscular, delicate & slender Scalp hair Short,thick,coarse Long,fine,thin Facial hair Present Absent Pubic hair Thick,corse,extends upwards with apex at umblicus(rhomboidal) Thin,fine,horizontal covers mons veneris Adams apple Prominent Less prominent Shoulder Broader than hip Narrow than hip Waist Not well defined Well defined Thighs Cylindrical Conical gonads testes ovaries
- 9. II. Sex Distinguishing characters essential to each sex : Skeleton: Male Female 1. Comparatively bigger and 1. Skeleton comparatively smaller stouter, weight approx 4.5kg and slender, weight approx 3.00kg 2. Muscular ridges, depressions 2. Muscular ridges,depressions,and and processes more promin- processes less prominent. end. 3. Shaft of long bones relatively 3. Shaft of long bones relatively rough and the particular surf- smooth and the articular surfaces
- 10. Mandible: Male Female 1. Lower jaw more massive 1. Lower jaw less massive. 2. Chin(symphysis menti) – 2. Chin(symphysis menti) – pointed or square. rounded . 3. Symphyseal height more 3. Symphyseal height less. 4. Ramus – more broad . 4. Ramus – less broad . 5. Angle region - everted . 5. Angle region – not everted .
- 11. It is obtained by multiplying the maximum transverse breadth by 100 and dividing it by the maximum anterio-posterior length. For Blacks it is 70-74.9 ,Europeans it is 75-79.9,Mongols 80 and above. b) Other Indices: 1. Height Index: It is obtained by multiplying the height of the skull i.e.; tip of the mastoid process to bregma by 100 and dividing it by the length of the skull.
- 12. Skull: 1.Bigger,heavier and more rugged 1.Smaller,lighter, and less rugged. 2.Cranial capacity almost 10 percent more 2.Cranial capacity almost 10 percent less 3.Frontal sinuses more developed 3.Less developed. 4.Fronto-nasal angulation distinct 4.Not well marked.
- 13. 5.Glabella suprorbital ridges, zygomatic arch mastoid process, occipital Protuberance ,occipital condyles, and muscle attachments are more Pronounced. 6. Orbital openings comparatively big and rectangular 5.Less pronounced. 6. Comparatively small and rounded. 7.Facial bones more massive and not delicate in texture. 7.Less massive and delicate in texture.
- 14. MALE FEMALE 1.Bony framework massive 2. Inlet deep and narrow 3. Ilium less expanded and hence walls not splayed. 1. Less massive. 2. shallow and wide. 3. more expanded and hence walls are splayed. 4. Suprapubic arch narrow V- shaped, 4. Wide U shaped, 5. Anterior superior iliac spines not widely separated 5. Widely separated . Pelvis :
- 15. MALE FEMALE 6. Ischial tuberosities inverted 6. Everted 7. Obturator foramina ovoid 7. Triangular . 8. Greater schiatic notch deep,narrow and less than right angle 8. Wide,shallow and almost at right angle or even More . 9. Preauricular sulcus narrow, shallow and without marked edges 9. Broad and deep in parous women 10.Acetabula wide and deeper 10. Narrow and shallower .
- 16. 11. Sacrum long and narrow,has five or more segments and well marked promontory. 11. Sacrum Wide and short has five segments and promontory less marked . 12. The curve of sacrum is more or less equal over the entire length . 12.Sacrum practically straight in the first three segments the curve being confined to a point below the centre of 3rd sacral vertebra. 13.Articular surface of sacrum extends 2½ to 3 vertebral bodies 13.Articular surface of sacrum does not extend to 2½ to 3 vertebral bodies
- 17. FEMUR MALE FEMALE 1.Acetabula are wide and deeper, the head of femur is larger and the articular surface forms more than two-third of a sphere. 1. Acetabula is narrower and shallower the head of femur is smaller and the articular surface forms less than two-third of a sphere. 2.The pelvis being narrow, the neck of femur forms an obtuse angle with the shaft. The pelvis being wide, the neck of femur forms a right angle with the shaft
- 18. HUMERUS 1. the vertical diameter of the humeral head is more than 45.5mm it is male. 1.the vertical diameter of the humeral head is less than 41.5mm it is female.
- 19. STERNUM 1.Body longer and more than twice the length of the manubrium 1.Body short and less than twice the length of the manubrium 2.Sternal index is 46.2 2.Sternal index is 54.2