Estimating submaximal and peak oxygen uptake based on postexercise measurements in swimming
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This study evaluated methods for estimating submaximal and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) based on post-exercise measurements in swimming. Fourteen elite female swimmers performed submaximal and supramaximal swims while VO2 was measured. Linear backward extrapolation (BE) and a new mathematical modeling procedure were used to estimate VO2 from post-exercise data and compared to direct measurements. For supramaximal intensity, the modeling procedure predicted peak VO2 most accurately with a standard error of 1%. For submaximal intensity, all methods were less accurate with modeling showing the lowest standard error of 4.5%. The study concluded the modeling procedure provides the best estimation of VO2 from post-exercise data, especially for supramaximal
Estimating submaximal and peak oxygen uptake based on postexercise measurements in swimming
- 1. Estimating submaximal and peak oxygen uptake based on postexercise measurements in swimming Chaverri D.1, Iglesias X.1, Schuller T.2, Hoffmann U.2, Rodríguez F. A.1 1 INEFC-Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut für Physiologie und Anatomie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Cologne, Germany
- 2. § Measurement during exercise: swimming snorkel (e.g. Keskinen et al. 2003) § Postexercise measurements: face mask (e.g. Rodríguez 1995) Measuring oxygen uptake in swimming
- 3. Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natació § Changes in performance (Barbosa et al. 2000) ↑ T100 using swimming snorkels § Changes mechanical efficiency (Keskinen et al. 2001) Moderate ↑ SR, ↓ SL ↑ ↑ at higher speeds, +SL Limitations using a swimming snorkel Keskinen et al. ECSS 2001
- 4. Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natació § Changes in respiratory pattern (Kapus et al. 2006) ↑ respiratory rate § Impossible flip turns and subaquatic phases Kapus et al. BMS 2006 Limitations using a swimming snorkel
- 5. § Linear backward extrapolation (BE) t=0 of postexercise VO2 in submaximal exercise (di Prampero et al. 1976) § Validated in treadmill running (Léger et al. 1980) § Applied to swimming during an incremental test (Montpetit et al. 1981) § Douglas bags Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natacióEstimations based on postexercise VO2 measurements Posexercici 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 VO2(ml·min-1) Time (s) Exercise ⎯ VO2 direct measured • BE(3x20) • BE(3U4x20) texercise
- 6. Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natació § Overestimation of VO2peak (~20%) after a 400-m all-out swim (Lavoie et al. 1983) § Time delay at onset of the VO2 recovery curve (di Prampero et al. 1973) § Time delay confirmed using BxB during a 400-m all-out swim (Rodríguez 1995) Rodríguez, FINA Congress 1995 Estimations based on postexercise VO2 measurements
- 7. Q = SV · HR · VO2 = Q · diff a-v O2 · · - Diff a-v O2 = CaO2 – CvO2 - New estimation model - Fick, Phil Mag Jour Sci 1855
- 8. New estimation model Q = SV · HR · VO2 = Q · diff a-v O2 · · - Diff a-v O2 = CaO2 – CvO2 - k≅ k≅ - Fick, Phil Mag Jour Sci 1855
- 9. New mathematical model 𝑝𝑉̇ o% 𝑡 = HR(+,-.+/+0123+) HR(t) · 𝑉̇ o% 𝑡 7 % Chaverri et al. IJSPP 2016
- 10. § New model validation based on direct VO2 measurements (Chaverri et al. 2016) § Model compared with commonly used procedures (e.g. BE) (Chaverri et al. 2016) § Validated using direct and postexercise measurements in different distances (Rodríguez et al. 2017) Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natacióNew mathematical model
- 11. Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natacióObjectiusAims § To assess the validity and accuracy of postexercise measurements in estimating VO2 during submaximal swims § In addition, to test the accuracy of the procedure during supramaximal swims in the same subjects
- 12. Subjects § 14 elite female swimmers VO2 § Swimming snorkel and valve system § Telemetric gas analyser (K4 b2, Cosmed) HR § RR Intervals (CardioSwim Freelap) § Measures 1 min before, during and 3 min after exercise Data processing § HR and VO2 were 1-s interpolated and synchronized to time 0 Methods
- 13. Posexercici 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 VO2(ml·min-1) Time (s) Exercise ⎯ VO2 direct measured • BE(3x20) • BE(3U4x20) texercise Methods
- 14. Posexercici 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 VO2(ml·min-1) Time (s) Exercise ⎯ VO2 direct measured • BE(3x20) • BE(3U4x20) texercise Methods
- 15. Posexercici 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 VO2(ml·min-1) Time (s) Exercise ⎯ VO2 direct measured • BE(3x20) • BE(3U4x20) texercise Methods
- 16. Results and discussion Technique Procedure Peak Mean diff. r2 SEE Significance* (ml·min-1) (ml·min-1) (%) (ml·min-1) (%) (p-value) Exercise (criterion) VO2peak(-20-0) 2985 ± 430 - - - - - - Lineal BE VO2peak(0-20) 2853 ± 453 -132.0 -4.6 0.926 121.7 4.1 0.015* BEpeak 3279 ± 569 293.8 9.0 0.912 132.5 4.4 <0.001* Semilogarithmic LOGpeak 3762 ± 490 776.5 20.6 0.744 226.7 7.6 <0.001* Modelling pVO2peak(0-20) 3020 ± 461 34.4 1.1 0.987 143.8 4.8 1.000 Supramaximal intensity Technique Procedure Peak Mean diff. r2 SEE Significance* (ml·min-1) (ml·min-1) (%) (ml·min-1) (%) (p-value) Exercise (criterion) VO2peak(-20-0) 1935 ± 232 - - - - - - Lineal BE VO2peak(0-20) 1780 ± 246 -154.8 -8.7 0.732 124.9 6.5 0.006* BEpeak 1964 ± 274 29.4 1.5 0.642 144.5 7.5 1.000 Semilogarithmic LOGpeak 2208 ± 420 273.5 12.4 0.265 207.0 10.7 0.140 Modelling pVO2peak(0-20) 2022 ± 274 87.4 4.3 0.870 86.9 4.5 0.680 Submaximal intensity
- 17. § Time delay at the onset of the VO2 recovery curve (∼9 s) (di Prampero et al. 1973; Rodríguez 1997, 1999) § Overestimation of VO2peak by BE only at supramaximal intensity (Lavoie et al. 1983) § Underestimation of VO2peak by first 20-s averaged values (Chaverri et al. 2016) Utilitzant tubs respira El consum d'oxigen en natacióResults and discussion Posexercici 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 VO2(ml·min-1) Temps (s) Exercise ⎯ VO2 direct measured • BEpeak texercise
- 18. Conclusions For supramaximal intensity, postexercise modelling best predicts exercise VO2peak with excellent accuracy (SEE ~1%) For submaximal intensity, the predictive capacity of all methods is substantially lower, with the modelling procedure showing the most accurate estimation of exercise VO2sub (SEE ~4.5%) 1 2
- 19. Chaverri D.1, Iglesias X.1, Schuller T.2, Hoffmann U.2, Rodríguez F. A.1 1 INEFC-Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut für Physiologie und Anatomie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Cologne, Germany Estimating submaximal and peak oxygen uptake based on postexercise measurements in swimming