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ETIOLOGY OF CANCER.pptx
- 1. ETIOLOGY OF CANCER Saumya P. Srivastava Tutor, VCON
- 2. What is Etiology ? • The cause of any abnormal condition or any disease conditions. • Carcinogenesis is the process of transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. • Process is characterised by cellular, genetic, changes at cellular levels.
- 3. Cancer is a complex group of diseases with many possible causes. In this section you can learn more about the known and possible causes of cancer, as well as general information about carcinogens and how genetics play a role in cancer.
- 4. Genetic Causes of Cancers • Mutations can result from a variety of causes, including diet and lifestyle choices as well as exposure to certain environmental factors. • Overall, only 5 to 10 percent of all cancers are genetically inherited, although these are the cancers that tend to occur earlier in life. • One such inheritable genetic disorder that is associated with increased cancer risk is Lynch syndrome, which prevents cells’ ability to repair their DNA when damage occurs.
- 5. Genetic Causes of Cancers • This can lead to cancers of the colon and uterus at an early age. Another such genetic factor is the BRCA family of genes, certain forms of which have been linked to breast and ovarian cancer.
- 6. Behavioral Causes of Cancer • There are a number of behavioral factors that can lead to genetic mutations and, as a result, lead to the development of cancer. • Tobacco • Tanning (excessive exposure to ultraviolet light)-excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can cause skin cancer • Diet (red, processed meats)-Some dietary choices, including red meat and alcohol, have also been linked to certain types of cancer, while obesity is associated with higher rates of cancer • Alcohol • Unsafe sex (leading to viral infection) • Inflammatory conditions, such as ulcerative colitis or obesity
- 7. Environmental Causes of Cancer • Exposure to certain factors in the environment, such as chemicals like asbestos and benzene, as well as talcum powder and various sources of radiation (including excessive X-rays), can also cause cancer. These substances capable of damaging DNA and triggering cancer are referred to as carcinogens. • Excessive sun exposure (UV) • Chemical carcinogen exposure • High-dose chemotherapy and radiation (mainly in children being treated for existing cancers) • Hormonal drugs • Immune-suppressing drugs (taken by transplant recipients) • Radioactive materials, e.g., radon
- 8. Viral and Bacterial Causes of Cancer • Theories surrounding bacterial causes of cancer date back over 100 years, put forth by the Father of Cancer Immunotherapy, Dr. William B. Coley. A person’s behavior and surroundings can expose them to bacteria and viruses known to cause cancer. • Human papillomavirus (HPV) • Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses • Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) • Human T-lymphotropic virus • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) • Merkel cell polyomavirus • Helicobacter pylori
- 9. Viral and Bacterial Causes of Cancer • Exposure to the B and C strains of the hepatitis virus can result in liver cancer, and sexual transmission of certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) can result in cervical cancer, anal and penile cancers, and several head and neck cancers.
- 10. Thankyou