Evaluating the Readiness to Implement an E Learning Technology to Support Education

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28023 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 2372
Evaluating the Readiness to Implement an
E-Learning Technology to Support Education
Dr. Alone. Kimwise1, Mudaheranwa Benjamin2, Beatrice Mugabirwe1
1Department of Computing, Faculty of Science and Technology,
1Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda
2Faculty of Business, Trade and Investment, Christian University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
How to cite this paper: Dr. Alone.
Kimwise | Mudaheranwa Benjamin |
Beatrice Mugabirwe "Evaluating the
Readiness to Implement an E-Learning
Technology to Support Education"
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ABSTRACT
The study sought thought to establish the preparedness of refugees in
settlements to embrace E-learning and Multimedia Technology as useful tool
for supporting education and learning especially in mathematics, and basic
health education when implemented. The study which covered Nakivale
refugee settlement adopted the cross-sectional survey research design. A
questionnaire was administered to learners of senior one, primary six and an
interview guide to teachers. The findings showed that majority of the
respondents said that they did not have access to ICTs, Majority of the
respondents were Ugandan origin and overall the respondents had low
experience in performing computer functions. The findings gave a big view of
the limited practical implication concerning the readiness to E-learning and
Multimedia Technology adoption to supporteducationandlearning inschools
in Uganda.
KEYWORDS: Information, Communication, Technologies, ICTs, Electronic-
Learning, Multimedia, Technology, E-learning, Readiness.
1. INTRODUCTION
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is observed to have
tremendously impacted the way people do their work especially as the
development of many economies is attributed by many authorities to be the
proceed of an adequate adoption, implementation and use of both the policies
and physical facilities of ICTs. Interestingly, previous decades and most
especially, the last has witnessed an exponential and radical growth in the use
and adoption of ICTs (Shihundu, 2014).
This radical changes is witnessed in all spheres of life and
discipline ranging from education, politics, economics,
industry, social, cultural, etc, disciplines such as political
sciences, library and information science, law, mathematics,
English studies, Literary works, agricultural science, mass
communication just to mention a few. Thus, it is therefore
appalling to comprehend a sector of any state or society to
adapting to ICTs.
Information and Communication Technologies could be
viewed as a coming together of technologies and tele-
communication facilities for the purpose of information
generation, processing, storage, retrieval,disseminationand
use. However, in same vein, Obaseki (2017) stated that
Information and Communication Technologies isthecoming
together or joining togetheroftools,facilities ortechnologies
via local area network cables or optical fiber materials for
the purpose of information use or transfer. Again, Obaseki
(2017) further affirmed that ICTs are of different types and
sizes and can be categorized into Hardware and Software.
However, examples of ICTs includes projector machines,
computer machines, internet/intranet switch, internet dish
or mast, internet radio, routers, Local area network cables,
optical fiber materials, Digitalcamera,internethub,Thunder
arrestors, Digital A4,A1, A2 scanners, etc. furthermore,
observation by the authors revealed that the overwhelming
attributes vis-avis the characteristics ofICTs suchas speedin
information processing, use and of information transfer,
flexibility, approachability, clarity, time maximizing,storage
capacity, interoperability, approachability, space
conservation etc has over the decades prompted the
continuous dedicated adoption and systematic use of ICTs
irrespective of the services or function especially when it is
education related. Evidence from literatures had affirmed
that the adoption of ICTs in the education sectors of the
world have been with utmost success. Buttressing this
statement in the words of Kasse and Balunywa (2013),
adoption and usage of technologies in education has
successfully implementedE-learninginthedeveloped world.
Similarly, the expansion in the use of the Internet inthemid-
1990s is observed to have substantially changed the
characteristics of education, initially in developed countries
and increasingly in developing countries. The change
includes the updating or replacing earlier modes oflearning,
such as correspondence courses, radio-based courses, and
class room teaching. Electronic learning (E-learning) it is a
form or system of learning that encourages theuseofICTs in
teaching, reading and discussion process. Often times, it is
used to foster distant teaching and learning. In the words of
Kiilu and Muema, (2012) “Electronic-learning refers to the
purposeful use of electronic systems in support of learning
process. It is supported by electronic hardwareand software
IJTSRD28023

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
either online (synchronous) or offline (asynchronous).” The
beauty of an innovation is exposed by the exposed by its
adoption and use for the purpose for which it was
implemented, hence,E-learningis notan exemption, because
its adoption and use as ICTs largely depend on the
dispositions of its intended user. Interestingly, a study by
Hussin, Manap, Amir, and Krish, (2012) emphasized the
importance of the readiness of e-learning enablers and
learners for the successful implementation of e-learning.
While, Okinda, (2014) viewed readiness is theassessmentof
certain organizational and individual factors that should be
considered if organizations hope to be successful with the
introduction of an e-learning or use of multimedia
technology.
Nakivale refugee settlement is found in the rural district of
Isingiro in south-western Uganda (UNHCR, 2014). It was
officially recognized as a refugee settlement in 1960 afterits
establishment in 1958, and currently is considered to be the
biggest refuge settlement in Africa and takes on the
8thpositionin the whole world with estimated population of
over 80,000 people. These people are refugees from various
parts of the world with majority coming from African
countries which among these include: Rwanda, Congo,
Burundi, Somalia, Eritrea, Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya
(Scroxton, 2014). The settlement has only six government-
owned schools (five primary schools and one secondary
school) which are to serve 79 villages (UNHCR, 2014).
Beside, the settlement has over 40,000 children who are
victims of forced displacement, due to wars, conflicts,
tortures, and human rights abuses. All these
notwithstanding, research have proved that with quality
education and help, refugee children can regain their hope
for the future. However, there are still numerous barriers
prohibiting these children from accessing quality education,
and enjoying their full rights to education which among
these include: use of poor teaching methods that are hardly
interactive and less beneficial to students, high student
failure rates and drop outs, lackofaccess tomodernteaching
and learning resources/facilities, teachers’ lack of
Information Communication Technology (ICT) pedagogy
skills, low teacher to high student ratio, and general lack of
interest in education(UNHCR, 2014).
In its bid to respond to the above state of affair,itis observed
that the Mbarara University of Science and Technology
(MUST) through the department of InformationTechnology,
partnering with the Swedish programme for ICT use in
developingRegions (SPIDER),StockholmUniversity Sweden,
realized that there was a need to come up with an idea of
implementing an E-Learning & Multimedia Technology to
support teaching and learning in five primary schools and
the only one secondary school in the camp. As the above
initiative was to be implemented, a need to assess and
evaluate the readiness to implement E-learning and
Multimedia Technology as useful tool for supporting
education and learning especially in Mathematics, and Basic
health education in Nakivale refugee settlement was
necessary, hence this study which is on “Implementing anE-
Learning and Multimedia Technology as Useful Tool for
Supporting Education and Learning in Mathematics and
Basic Health Education in Nakivale Refugee Settlement
Isingiro District in South-Western Uganda.”
2. Review of Literature related to the variable of the
study.
A. Electronic Learning: its Importance and Use
Kiilu, (2012) “Electronic-learning refers to the purposeful
use of electronic systems in support of learning process. It is
supported byelectronichardwareandsoftwareeitheronline
(synchronous) or offline (asynchronous).” Mtebe, Mbwilo &
Kissaka, (2016).Research shows that the appropriate use of
E-learning and multimedia technologyineducational context
provides quite a lot of benefits such as they they can help to
improve students’ understanding of instructional materials.
While Doculan (2016), was of the view thatthey(e-learning)
can also simulate real processes such as motion, diffusion,
and allow learners toexecutevirtual experiments thatwould
be dangerous and costly to be conducted in a school
laboratory. Interestingly, Thomas & Israel, (2013) were of
the view that teachers tend to use these technologies to
cheer up classroom lectures by using them to better
demonstrate and explain difficult concepts that cannot be
easily explained using text alone.
B. Use of E-learning /Multimedia Technologies
Recent years have witnessed the increasing interest in the
development and use of multimedia/E-learning technology
to enhance the quality of teaching and learning inallspheres
of educational institutions. Doculan, (2016) stated that
multimedia technologies are digital technologies that
combine text, graphics, audio, and animations to produce
instructional materials. Also, researchby Mtebe,Mbwiloand
Kissaka, (2016) revealed that the appropriate use of
multimedia technology ineducational context provides quite
a lot of benefits, they can help to improve students’
understanding of instructional materials. In the words of
Doculan (2016), they can also simulate real processes such
as motion, diffusion, or bonding atoms and allow learners to
execute virtual experiments that would be dangerous and
costly to be conducted in a school laboratory. Again, Thomas
and Israel (2013) asserted that teachers tend to use these
technologies to liven up classroom lectures by usingthemto
better demonstrate and explain difficult concepts that
cannot be easily explained using text alone. The use of
multimedia technology can enable teachers tohaveaccess to
the knowledge and expertise that was previously
unavailable, hence contributing towards teachers’
professional development (Doculan, 2016). Furthermore,
Leedy and Ormrod, (2010) provided a detailed analysis on
how ICT can be used in teachers’ professional development.
The author points out that multimedia technology can
enhance teachers’ subject knowledge by providing teachers
with resources that support professional enquiry, such as
Internet access to a range of high quality, subject-focused
multimedia resources related to the project’s content.
Interestingly, Thomas and Israel (2013 added that ICT can
also improve the quality of teachers’’ pedagogical
knowledge. For example, multimedia can enhance the way
learners research a topic, and present their findings to
others; therefore, support for sound, animation and video is
also seen as highly advantageous. ICT can also upgrade
teacher school knowledge, access to classroomplanningand
resources, exemplar curriculum activities, as well as to
professional networks and tools that facilitate the sharingof
practice. Despite the benefits of multimedia / E-learning
technology when used to enhance or support of learning
process. The extent to which a school is able to participate
and benefit from these technologies depends on theschool’s

readiness to implement these technologies. Literature
reveals that even though schools are supplied with
computers, they are underused and majority of educational
organizations remain as they were decades ago, as they are
not reaping planned benefits from technology togivereason
for the investments (Kiilu, 2012).
C. Readiness to Implement E-Learning and Multimedia
Technology Models
Conceptualizing e-learning and multimedia readiness is
crucial as it distinguishes the limitation of its applicability in
a project and to provide a clear framework for any research
study. This is because some scholars have rejected some
definitions of E-learning out-rightly, while some have been
acknowledged. Thus, before embark on E-learning
implementation, it is crucial to decide on a general notion of
the term and model of E-learning to create a strong
technology plans for both learners and teachers, because
barriers to the effective use of technology involves learners
and teachers attitudes and resistance to change, concerns
about funding, training deficiencies and inadequate access.
E-learning readiness is defined as “the mental or physical
preparedness of an organization for some E-learning
experience or action (Oketch, Njihia & Wausi, 2012).”
Furthermore, E-learning readiness was defined as “an
organization’s ability to generate, disseminate and use
digital information among its members to the betterment of
their being. In addition, the need for administrativesupport,
adequate funding, time and training has beenidentifiedas an
essential good to facilitate change. According to literature
and E-learning evaluation models, the determinants of E-
readiness and multimedia technology in the context of a
learning institution include the physical infrastructure of an
organization, the level of usage of technology,institutionICT
policy, and the human resource (Kiilu and Muema, 2012).
For effective E-learning in schools, issues such as
connectivity to various networks (internet, intranet, and
mobile-telephone); sources of energy/power (electricity,
standby generators) and equipment (computers, radios,
videos, television, LCD projectors and software), e-learning
laboratories, and information storagefacilities(such as flash
disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs) and trained personnel must be
ensured (ITU, 2009). The World Bank (2002) further
classifies e-readiness and multimedia technology into four
perspectives: connectivity (the qualityand extentofinternet
infrastructure), capability (organizations ability to deliver
and consume E-learning), content (the quality and
pervasiveness of online learning materials) and human
capacity policy and cultural environment whereby the legal
and regulatory environment affecting the ICT sector is
considered, and finally the size of the ICT sector. Designed
model as observed by Kiilu, (2012), measures theE-learning
readiness of an organization by categorizingdifferentfactors
into: psychological readiness sociological readiness;
environmental readiness; human resourcereadiness;
financial readiness; technological skillreadiness;equipment
readiness and content readiness. Interestingly a study from
Nigeria by Siddiquah and Zeema (2017) confirmed that lack
of ICTs and meager infrastructure foils the full
implementation of ICTs in education).
Essentially, due to these observations and researchfindings,
this research project will particularly address this gap by
assessing the state of readiness to implement an E-learning
and Multimedia Technology as useful tool for supporting
education and learning especially in mathematics, and basic
health education in Nakivale refugee settlement.
3. Research Question
Three Major research questions were formulated for the
study, these include
1. Does your school have Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) infrastructure?
2. Do you have relevant experience in using Information
and Communication Technology (ICT)?
3. What are the challenges of your school in acquiring and
usingInformationandCommunicationTechnology (ICT)
for e- learning/ multimedia training?
4. Methodology
Cross sectional survey design was used to help in collecting
quantitative data. This design helped in collecting large
amount of data at a particular time to using the
questionnaire to collect data from participants who were
learners. An interview guide was also administered to the
other participants who were teachers to compliment the
responses from the learners who where subject ofthestudy.
The target population were 1271 learners from primary six,
senior one and teachers in the five primary and one
secondary school in Nakivale refugee settlement.
Furthermore, learners from primarysixandseniorone were
used for the research as they will easily understand the
process during the implementation of the E-learning and
Multimedia technology.
The six schools were selected based on division
representation within the Nakivale refugee settlement,
where sample size was selected by use of Krejcie and
Morgan (1990). Krejcie and Morgan (1990) standardized
tables show the sample sizes for different population (or
proportion of it) at 95% confidencelevel;a samplingerrorof
5% is accepted by most evaluations. From Krejcie and
Morgan’s table (1990), the optimal (effective and valid)
sample size to represent a population of 1271 students was
297. According to the Krejcie and Morgan (1990) tables, the
smaller the number of cases in the target population, the
larger the sample proportion of that population and vice
versa. In line with the above reasons, an accessible sample
size of two hundred and ninety seven (297) i.e 277 learners
and 20 teachers was selected.(See distribution of sample in
table 1, below).
Table 1: Showing Distribution of sample according to
schools Using Krejcie and Morgans 1970 table
Schools No of Student in Class %
Kahirimbi 35 12.6
Rubondo 35 12.6
Kabazana 35 12.6
Kashojwa 37 13.4
Juru 34 12.3
Nakivale ss 101 36.5
Total 277 100.0
Questionnaire and interview guide were the data collecting
instrument. The questionnaire, allowed the researcher to
collect large data from the sampled participants who
independently proffered their responses. While the
interview guide was administered to the teachers to
complement the responses from the leaner’s. The data were
collated in line with the stated research questions and

variables for the study, after whichthey wereanalyzedusing
descriptive statisticalmethods.Thereafter,theanalyzed data
were simply interpreted and the findings stated.
5. Data Analysis
Data collated for the study were collated, analyzed and
discussed in line with the stated research questions for the
study, as arranged bellow:
Table 2. Demographic Information of the Respondents
Gender Category Frequency %
Male 163 58.8
Female 114 41.2
Total 277 100.0
Age of Respondents Frequency %
10-14 116 41.9
15-17 160 57.8
18 and above 1 0.4
Total 277 100.0
As shown in table 2, majority of the respondents were male
163(58.8%) as opposed to female who were 114 (41.2%).
This presupposes that generally, the margin between male
and female is minimal. This implied that there was a fairly
equal representation of the male and female participants
(learners) in this study. Regarding age, majority of the
respondents were in the age bracket of 15-17 years which
had a percentage over half 160(57.8%) of the respondents.
This was followed by respondents in the age bracket of 10-
14 years with 116 (41.9%) and 18 and above years of age
had the least response with1 (0.4%)Ina study carried out by
Mitra (2005), it was highlighted that younger children as
indicated in the above findings is that they are able to learn
how to use computers on their own.
Table3: Does your school have Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure?
Do you have access to ICTs? Frequency %
Yes 64 23.1
No 213 76.9
Total 277 100.0
Do you use Available ICTs for
learning?
%
Yes 130 46.9
No 147 53.1
Total 277 100.0
Do you know what Internet is? %
Yes 34 12.3
No 243 87.7
Total 277 100.0
Do you use internet for learning? %
Yes 19 16.9
No 258 93.1
Total 277 100.0
How often do you use ICTs and
the internet for learning?
%
Weekly 5 1.8
Monthly 27 9.7
Never 245 88.5
Total 277 100.0
Have you ever received any
training on how to use ICTs?
%
Yes 48 17.3
No 229 82.7
Total 277 100.0
As depicted in table 3. Majority of the respondents said that
did not have access to ICTs 213(76.9%)whilethosewho had
access were of a small number 64 (23.1%). Notably, slightly
more than half of the learners asserted that they did not use
available ICTs for learning 147(53.1%) compared to those
who said yes 130 (46.9%). Regardingknowingwhat internet
was, majority of the respondents 243(87.7) said that they
did not have knowledge about it comparedtothosewho said
yes with a small numberof34(12.3%).The respondentswho
were asked to indicate whether they used internet for
learning. The findings showed that almost all the
respondents 258(93.1%) did not use internet for learning
compared those who said yes 19(16.1%) that they used it.
Findings also revealed that, majority of the respondents 245
(88.5%) said that they had never often used ICTs and
internet in their learning, while 27(9.7%) said that they
often use it monthly and 5(1.8%) use it weekly. Regarding
whether respondents had ever received anytraining onhow
to use ICTs, the findings established that majority of them
affirmed by saying no 229(82.7%) compared to those who
said yes 48(17.3%). In relation this finding,
Furthermore the interview responses confirmed that the
schools did not have computers, internet and have never
used any of the mentioned ICTs for teaching and learning.
For example, some of the Mathematics and science teachers
respectively said: “My school has never had any computers
let alone internet, we do not have electricity, I have never
even used these things for teaching and learningafterall Ido
not even know how to use the computers in short we do not
have any access to them”, “We do not have computers in this
school, plus internet and we use traditional means of
teaching” and “We have never had any kind of training or
received any, like I said before we do not have computers
here but with some training andsomecomputerseverything
would be okay though I suggest provision of generators as
well, we do not have electricity.”
Table 4 Experience in Using Information and
Communication Technologies
How proficient are you in
performing the functions
below?
Mean
Std.
Deviation
I can print a document/ use a
printer
1.09 0.39
I can open and use a web browser
and Internet proficiently
1.09 0.39
I can use office tools e.g.,
spreadsheets, word processors,
etc.
1.09 0.39
I know how to save information
on a computer or external
disk/storage
2.0 0.92
I can open a previously saved file
from a computer, drive/directory
2.00 0.92
I know how to send and receive
e-mail including emails with file
attachments
1.33 0.84
I can (re)start a computer. 3.10 2.90
Total 1.67 0.96
Table 4 above, showed that the respondents had little or no
experience in performingcomputerfunctions as itis justified
by total mean (1.67) and standard. Deviation (0.96)
suggesting more need for enhancement or training. This

response was occasioned by lack of knowledge in using a
printer, opening and using a web browser, lack of internet
proficiency, and inadequacies in using Microsoft office tools
(1.09, 0.39) , knowing how to send and receive e-mail,
attaché file attachments to email (1.33,0.84). The table also
revealed that respondents had no knowledge in saving
information on a computer or external disk/storage and
opening previously saved file from a computer,
drive/directory (2.0, 0.92). Notably, other respondents
agreed that they were knowledgeable in (re) booting a
computer (3.10, 2.90). Accordingly, the interview responses
corroborated the findings from analyzed data as it revealed
that their experience in using computer functions as well as
exposure to E-Learning is limited considering the less
interactions they have had with computers, though some
stated that they have used and had interactions with
computers outside the school.
Table 5 Challenges of using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Learning
Items Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly agree
Lack of computers at school 60 (21.7%) 7(2.5%) 10(3.6%) 200(72.2%)
Lack of internet connectivity 50(18.1%) 11(4.0%) 8(2.9%) 208(75.0%)
Lack of skills to use the computers 46(16.6%) 26(9.4%) 16(5.8%) 189(68.2%)
Lack of technical support for learners 55(19.9%) 15(5.4%) 33(11.9%) 174(62.8%)
English literacy 30(10.1%) 169(61.0%) 20(7.2%) 58(20.9%)
Costs of computer hardware and software 55(19.9%) 54(19.5%) 15(5.4%) 153(55.2%)
Electricity shortage 73(26.4%) 5(1.8%) 10(3.6%) 189(68.2%)
The above table, revealed the respondents (75.0%) were of
the opinion that lack of internet connectivity is the major
challenge facing learners in use of ICT for learning, while
72.2%) also agreed that lack of computers attheirschoolis a
challenge. The interview response supported pointed out
this challenge “i am very happy about this program but our
students are many, so how manycomputers youwillprovide
to cover all of them plus most of us lack training on using
these computers when brought so I was suggesting forsome
training, we do not have a computer library.” However,
(68.2%) of the respondents stronglyagreedthatlack ofskills
to use the computers and electricity shortage affects their
use of ICT for learning as well. This response however
corroborates the interview response that “Electricity is a
problem here, unless you are also providing solar or
generators I fear for the initiative, I mean it will be in vain.
Interestingly, another majority (62.8%) strongly agreedthat
lack of technical support affected them. Similarly,(55.2%)of
the respondents strongly agreed thathugecosts ofcomputer
hardware and software was a major challenge towards the
use of ICT for learning. On the contrary (61.0%) disagreed
that English literacy affected their use of ICT for learning.
This was further buttressed by an interview responsethat“I
have never prepared content using a computer and thus the
Implementation of E-Learning will be a challenge” and “Our
pupils have no Idea on how a computer works, I have never
prepared content and I certainly lack training hopefully you
train us first.”
6. Discussions and Findings
The analyzed data from the study revealed that majority of
the respondents were male while majority of the
respondents were between 15-17 years. The study findings
have shown that the schools in Nakivale Refugee Settlement
have no ICT infrastructure that will surmount to the
implementation of an e-learning/multimedia technological
center. This is factual as responses from the respondents in
table 3 showed majority (76.9%) saying that theydon’thave
access to ICTs; 147(53.1%) asserted that they don’tuseICTs
for learning, while 243 (87.7) majority of the respondents
said that they don’t have knowledge of what internet is.
Interestingly, ITU (2009) says that for effectiveE-learning in
schools facilities such as connectivity to various equipment
(computers, radios, videos, television, LCD projectors and
software), e-learning laboratories, and information storage
Furthermore the interview responses confirmed that the
schools did not have computers, internet and have never
used any of the mentioned ICTs for teaching and learning.
For example, some of the Mathematics and science teachers
respectively said: “My school has never had any computers
let alone internet, we do not have electricity, interestingly,
and the study has proven that the learners in the schools in
Nakivale Refugee Settlement had no knowledge of ICTs
usage. This is shown in Table 4, were with total mean (1.67)
and standard. Deviation (0.96) agreed to the need for
enhancement or training, (1.09, 0.39) of the respondents
stated that they lack the knowledge of using a printer,
opening and using a web browser, lack of internet
proficiency, and inadequacies in using Microsoft office tools
etc. Thus in buttressing the findings, Link and Marz (2006)
concluded that learners need tohaveadequatetechnological
computer knowledge in order to avoid the frustrations
experienced when trying to access an online classroom,
while Haverila (2011) asserted that learners’ prior
experience in using information technology is important in
e-learning adoption though not mandatory. These views
were further corroborated by responses from the interview
that their experience in using computer functions as well as
exposure to e-Learning is limited considering the less
interactions they have had with computers, though some
stated that they have used and had interactions with
computers outside the school. In linewiththeabovefindings
Oketch, Njihia, & Wausi, (2014) asserted that for users to be
able to use any E-learning system they should possess the
necessary technical skills. While kimwise (2017) explains
technological readiness as a state where a person has a
degree of technical competencies that can be observed and
measured for example knowing how to print or start a
computer. Literature reveals that in order to avoid learners
becoming frustrated with E-learning, they must have a
suitable level of computer knowledge. Lack of the
technological readiness would lead to learner frustration.
Furthermore, analyzed data revealed that the respondents
(75.0%) were of the opinion that lack of internet
connectivity is the major challenge facing learners in using
ICT for learning, while (72.2%) stated thatlack ofcomputers
at their school is a challenge. These challenges were
corroborated by an interviewee response supported that “i
am very happy about this program but our students are
many, so how many computers you will provide to cover all

of them plus most of us lack training on using these
computers when brought so I was suggesting for some
training, we do not have a computer library.” These findings
are in line with Opira (2010) observation that institutions in
Africa face barriers to effective integration of ICT in the
teaching and learning process in terms of limited
infrastructure to provide satisfactory physical conditions of
laboratories and the subsequent accessibility of the
resources (ICT) to the learners. Further stressing the poor
state of facilities Mulwa and Kyalo (n.d) asserted that
availability of e-infrastructure needs to be dealt with in
order to give a true picture of the specific operational
environment.
The following findings from the study were revealed from
the analyzed data after a careful corroboration with
literatures:
1. Majority of the respondents said that they did not have
access to ICTs
2. Most of the respondents had low experience in
performing computer functions
3. lack of internet connectivity was a major challenge
facing learners in using ICT for learning
4. Interviews with teachers confirmed that the schoolsdid
not have computers, internet andhaveneverusedanyof
the mentioned ICTs for teaching and learning
5. Schools in Nakivale Refugee Settlement did not have
electricity
6. Results revealed that leaners and the school at large
were not technologically read to adopt e-learning
system.
7. Conclusions
The practical implication of this study is that, the learners
and teachers should be availed or trained in performing
computer functions and in addition, the school management
should provide internet connectivity and computers at
school to allow learners and teachers to access e-learning
resources. Also, in this study data was collected from only a
section of learners of senior one and primary six and
interviewed only teachers of mathematics and basic health
education from Nakivale refugee settlement schools. This
could limit the generalization as the analysis did not cover
the entire population of the schools including those outside
the refugee settlement therefore calling for future studies to
consider schools and learners from others schools rather
than only those from the refugee settlement alone.
Acknowledgments
Office of the Prime Minster
Kampala International University
Department of Information Technology from Mbrarara
University of Science and Technology, (MUST).
Funding
Swedish Program forInformationTechnologyinDeveloping
Regions (SPIDER), Department of Computer and Systems
Science Stockholm University (Sweden)
Availability of Data and Materials
The data will not be shared because this data can be used
only by the researchers
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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