EVs in Carsharing
- 1. EVs in Carsharing What‘s happening? What are the barriers? Presented at Drive Oregon — October 18, 2016 Dave Brook Senior Carsharing Consultant team red US LLC, Portland and Toronto 503-313-1320 david.brook@team-red.us
- 2. 24.10.2016 What I’ll cover • Evolution of carsharing • Carsharing service models • Challenges of incorporating EVs into carsharing? • Where are EVs being used in carsharing?
- 3. 24.10.2016 What is Carsharing? • Distributed parking – close to users • Unattended access – via RFID card or App. • Pay by the hour or minute • Fuel, cleaning & repairs included in fees
- 4. Carsharing Service Models Round trip Car is picked up from and returned to designated parking space. • Peer to Peer (P2P) variation of RT • Closed network (business fleet or apartment/condo carsharing) Zipcar, Enterprise Carshare, Carma, Getaround (P2P), Buzzcar (P2P France) One way / On Demand – free floating Car can be parked in any legal parking space inside a “home area”. Car2Go, ReachNow, Evo (Vancouver) Share N’Go – station based Car must be returned to any designated station (parking garage, charger, etc.) Autolib’ (Paris), BlueIndy (Indianapolis), Zipcar One>Way Combination Option for members to select cars for round trip or one way trips. Zipcar (designated vehicles only), Autobleue (Nice, France) JoeCar (Karlsruhe, Germany)
- 5. 24.10.2016 Day in the Life of Car2Go •Click HERE to watch video.
- 6. 24.10.2016 Benefits of Carsharing • Members own significantly fewer vehicles • Increased use of walking, cycling, public transport • VMT and energy and GHG reductions f – Reduced car usage by members – New vehicles in carsharing fleet • Reduced parking congestion If EVs are added to carsharing fleets • Reduced emissions • Increased public awareness & experience with EVs • Increased sales of EVs
- 7. 24.10.2016 EVs are a Natural Fit for Carsharing • Trip length is short – Average “Zipcar” trip is 4-5 hours + 25-30 miles – Average “one way” trip is 20-40 minutes + 4-6 miles • Big pool of customers – Can choose the right vehicle for the trip • Carshare operator can manage the charging
- 8. 24.10.2016 Early Attempts • US Station Car Projects – 1990s - Last mile connection to transit stations • Mobility Switzerland – Twike EV
- 9. 24.10.2016 Challenges to Adding EVs to Carsharing • Higher vehicle lease or purchase cost • Location of existing charging stations • Possible reduced vehicle utilization to allow recharge time • Limited range/trip flexibility / customer range understanding & anxiety • Increased customer service calls / Unknown if cost of customer “rescue” is offset by reduced vehicle maintenance costs
- 10. 24.10.2016 Evs Vehicles Used in Carsharing
- 11. 24.10.2016 Car2Go – Amsterdam & Stuttgart • Free floating parking • San Diego – all EV – 400 Smart ED – Replaced with gas 2016 – Lack of charging stations (Ecototality)
- 12. 24.10.2016 Autolib’ - Paris • One-way station-based • Vehicle: Bolloré BlueCar • 4,000 vehicles • 1,000 stations • 500,000 members
- 13. 24.10.2016 Blue Indy – Indianapolis • 240 vehicles at 75 stations – Vehicles must be returned to station – Opened Fall, 2015 • Bolloré BlueCar – LMP batteries - Lithium Metal Polymer – 150 mile range • Unique membership plans – Day, Week, Year + Student – EV Charging - $20 per year + $2 per hour – Unattended member registration kiosk
- 15. 24.10.2016 Citroen MultiCity - Berlin
- 16. 24.10.2016 Share N’Go - Milan • Free floating • Vehicle: Shandong D1 • Milan, Florence & Shenzen
- 17. 24.10.2016 Kandi - Hangzhou • Kandi K11 EV (Geely-Kandi Panda) – Battery swap system (lower right picture) • Unique parking garage – Automated stacking parking (lower left) – 120 spaces
- 18. 24.10.2016 WaiveCar – Santa Monica • Free floating • Chevy Spark & Nissan Leaf • Ad wrapped vehicles – First 2 hours free then $5 per hour
- 19. 24.10.2016 AutoBleue - Nice • All EV • Both round trip & 1-way – Flex – Zen • Vehicles – Renault Zoe – Peugeot Ion (Mitsubishi)
- 22. 24.10.2016 Carma – San Francisco • 50% of fleet is Hybrid, Plug In Hybrid & battery EV • $1.7 million grant – Vehicles: C-Max Energi, Focus EV, Chevy Volt – Charging stations: Berkeley, UCSF, Cole Valley, City College of SF, Panhandle, China Basin, Mission, Mission Bay, Civic Center • $5.75 per hour
- 23. 24.10.2016 CitéLib’ by Ha:Mo – Grenoble • 3 year demonstration project – Sponsored by Toyota & EDF – Operated by CitéLib’ • One Way – Station-based • Vehicles – 70 i-Road and COMs EVs – 27 charging stations • 18 months
- 24. 24.10.2016 Factors for EV Carshare Success • Subsidies – Example: CarPlus Trust — government-sponsored funding to promote carsharing in UK + electromobility grants to local councils to install charging – OEMs as carshare operators — Share N’Go (Shandong) • Local government partnerships – Installation of charging infrastructure – Carma, San Francisco — grants to add PIH and BEVs into fleet • Efficient carsharing operation – High vehicle utilization – 6+ hours per day per vehicle – Minimal/efficient vehicle relocation in one-way system – Good customer service
- 25. 24.10.2016 What’s Ahead? • Longer range EVs • Fuel cell vehicles • Light EVs for cities • Purpose built EVs for carshare — Hiriko (lower) • Autonomous vehicles – convergence carsharing & ride-hailing
- 26. 24.10.2016 Carsharing in Tesla Master Plan • "You will also be able to add your car to the Tesla shared fleet just by tapping a button on the Tesla phone app and have it generate income for you while you're at work or on vacation... In cities where demand exceeds the supply of customer-owned cars, Tesla will operate its own fleet, ensuring you can always hail a ride from us no matter where you are.” - Elon Musk, 2016
- 27. 24.10.2016 www.team-red.us www.shared-mobility.info Dave Brook Managing Director, North America David.Brook@team-red.net 503-313-1320 a mobility innovation consultancy
- 28. Shared Mobility Team Alan Woodland is an expert on carsharing and new mobility. He has experience in business planning, financing, government relations and transportation policy. He has worked with public transit authorities and city transportation officials to advance the integration of shared-use mobility into transportation networks. Kevin McLaughlin is the founder of AutoShare, Toronto’s original carsharing service and co-founder of Modo Co-operative in Vancouver. Kevin graduated from Queen’s Commerce in 1989 and is currently an advisor to carsharing operators and public administrations. Kevin is always in his lab working on new mobility ideas. David Brook is an expert in carsharing and new mobility service operations, business development and marketing. David has advised international corporations as well as independent start-up carshares. David is the founder of the first commercial carsharing company in the North America. Dan Sturges is an entrepreneurial integrated mobility specialist with a background in vehicle/product innovation. Dan has worked with leading transportation institutions on hybrid transit/shared personal vehicle systems. He invented the “Neighborhood Electric Vehicle” category. Dr. Bodo Schwieger is the founder and CEO of team red. Bodo has specialized experience in carsharing and new mobility services. He wrote his dissertation on customer analysis and international know-how transfer for the Daimler/Chrysler Society and Technology Group.