Example National 5 History questions - How fully?
- 1. How fully? questions Era of the Great War Source A describes the restrictions introduced under the Defence of the Realm Act. 1. How fully does Source A describe the restrictions introduced under the Defence of the Realm Act? ( Source A describes the changing role of women during the Great War 2. How fully does Source A describe the changing role of women during the Great War? The Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) was introduced in August 1914. It stated that no-one was allowed to talk about the navy or the army in public places. You were also not allowed to spread rumours about military matters. You could not trespass on railway lines or bridges. It was added to as the war progressed and listed all the things that people were not allowed to do in wartime. In addition, British Summer Time was introduced to give more daylight hours for extra work. The Great War was a crucial time for women. This is because it gave women an opportunity to prove themselves in a male-dominated society, doing more than cleaning the house and looking after children. With so many men going to war, there was a large gap in employment and women responded by replacing men in the workplace. The Women’s Royal Air Force was created, where women worked on planes as mechanics. Some of the less well known roles of women in the war included selling war bonds.
- 2. Source A is about the use of tanks on the Western Front 3. How fully does Source A describe the impact tanks had on fighting on the Western Front during the Great War? Source A is about the treatment of conscientious objectors 4. How fully does Source B describe how conscientious objectors were treated during the Great War? Source A explains why Suffragette actions were important in getting women the vote 5. How fully does Source A explain why Suffragette actions were important in getting women the vote? Thirty-six tanks led the way in an attack at Flers. The sudden appearance of the new weapon stunned their German opponents. However, Sir Douglas Haig used them before they were truly battle ready in an attempt to break the trench stalemate. These early tanks were very slow moving. They often broke down. Tanks often became stuck in the heavy mud of no man’s land. Conditions for the tank crews were awful. The heat generated inside the tank was tremendous and fumes often nearly choked the men inside. Men who refused to enlist in the army had to face military discipline. Some were sentenced to death for refusing orders although the sentence was always reduced if the “conchie” still refused to give in. Many refused non-combatant duty on the grounds that it simply released another man to kill. Special prisons and work camps were opened up in addition to ordinary prisons to which many objectors were sent. Twenty-four objectors died while detained at these work camps. Until the outbreak of war, the Suffragettes kept the campaign for votes for women in the news every other day. They often put their own lives in danger so women could win the right to vote. Some people said the Suffragettes’ militant actions alienated the government. It was also argued they had sacrificed valuable public support. However, the dramatic death of Emily Davison had given the movement its first martyr and left no doubt about the Suffragettes’ dedication. Their courage in prison continued to win sympathy and admiration.
- 3. Source A is about events on Clydeside in 1919 6. How fully does Source A explain why there was political protests in Scotland between 1910 and 1919? Source A is about the decline of Scottish industries in the 1920s 7. How fully does Source D explain the reasons for the decline of Scottish industries in the 1920s? Source A is about the impact on agriculture during the Great War 8. How fully does Source A describe the impact on agriculture and the fishing industry during the Great War? In the period just after the Great War there was a wave of working-class protest. It was feared that soldiers returning from war would find no work and many women had also lost their jobs. The government was worried that the workers of Clydeside would attempt to copy the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. There was a great deal of political unrest and some of the protesters even called for a Scottish Workers’ Republic. Before the First World War, the Scottish economy was very dependent on the traditional industries. When the war ended, there was a sharp drop in demand for Clyde-built warships. This decline in shipbuilding in the 1920s had a damaging effect on the iron and steel industries. Many of the companies had depended on shipbuilding for their orders. Despite increased competition from abroad, Scotland’s manufacturers failed to invest in new technology. Not surprisingly, overseas markets lost during the war often preferred to stay with their new suppliers. As a consequence of the war, one problem in Scottish agriculture during the past year has been the difficulty of increasing the production of food in the face of growing depletion of labour. In addition to the uncertainty of labour, Scottish farmers had to contend with an unfavourable season. Earlier in the year wool and milk prices were fixed. With the continued scarcity of labour during the year there was an upward movement of wages. Appeals are now being made in official quarters for thousands of women to meet the national emergency.
- 4. Source A describes the activities of workers in Glasgow during the War 9. How fully does Source A describe the effects of the war on Scottish industry?? Source A is about women during World War One 10. How fully does Source B describe the changing role of women during the First World War? The Atlantic Slave Trade Source A 11. How fully does Source A describe the role of William Wilberforce in the campaign for the abolition of the slave trade? The Government needed to control the factories to keep the soldiers supplied. However, the Clyde Workers’ Committee was formed to campaign against the Munitions Act, which forbade engineers from leaving the works where they were employed. On 25 March 1916, David Kirkwood and other members of the Clyde Workers’ Committee were arrested under the Defence of the Realm Act. The men were sentenced to be deported. The Committee’s journal, The Worker, was prosecuted for an article criticising the war. William Gallacher and John Muir, the editors, were both sent to prison. During World War One, many things changed. As men left their jobs to go and fight, their places in industry were increasingly taken by women. Women's most vital work was in munitions factories where they produced weapons and shells. This work was both dirty and dangerous. Women worked on trams and buses to keep the transport system going. With so many men away fighting, women had to take the responsibility of being head of the family. John Newton persuaded William Wilberforce to join the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade and Wilberforce soon became its leader. Newton was a former slave trader who became an anti-slavery campaigner. Wilberforce used evidence gathered by abolitionists to try to persuade parliament to end the slave trade. For 18 years he introduced anti-slavery motions in parliament. However, the slave traders put their case to parliament and Wilberforce’s arguments failed to win enough support. As a consequence, Wilberforce published even more horrific accounts of the slave trade.
- 5. Source B 12. How fully does Source B describe reasons that the slave trade was so important to Britain? Source C 13. How fully does Source C describe why Britain abolished slavery in 1807? Source D 14. How fully does Source D explain why it took so long to persuade the British Parliament to abolish the slave trade? Cities in the west of Britain benefited from the Atlantic slave trade. By 1800, Liverpool profited most directly from the transportation of human beings as slaves. Glasgow and Bristol developed their own specialist areas which were linked to the trade. Glasgow had the largest share of the British tobacco trade and this helped the city’s economic development. Profits from the tobacco trade also contributed to the development of industry in Glasgow. In Bristol, merchants profited from the sugar trade. All of these activities were based on Britain’s involvement in the Atlantic slave trade. During the late nineteenth century, attitudes towards the slave trade were changing. More people began to think of Africans as fellow human beings and felt that they should be treated as such. Britain’s trading interests were also changing. Trade with India and East Asia was growing while trade with the West Indies had become less important to Britain. Many merchants supported free trade. They argued that slavery was an inefficient way to produce sugar. In 1807, a new law made it illegal for British people to buy slaves in Africa. The supporters of the slave trade were well organised and influential. Although Wilberforce introduced his first bill to abolish it in 1789, it took a full eighteen years to end the evil. Plantation owners were often Members of Parliament who also had the support of George III. As a result, they created many difficulties for the abolitionists.
- 6. Source E 15. How fully does Source E explain the importance of the slave trade to Britain’s economy? Source F 16. How fully does Source F describe the conditions on board ships during the Middle Passage? Source A is about the impact that trade with the Caribbean had on the British economy. 17. How fully does Source A explain the impact that trade with the Caribbean had on the British economy? The slave trade was considered essential to Britain’s economy in the eighteenth century. For example, the slave trade had raised Liverpool from a struggling port to one of the richest and most propsperous trading centres in the world. The slave trade provided work for the mills of Lancashire. However little thought was given to the suffering of those involved in its production. Merchants made huge profits importing sugar from the Caribbean, a product which was in great demand. Slave ships left from British ports on the triangular trade. When the ships arrived in Africa, captains exchanged guns or alcohol for slaves. Slaves were often tightly packed below deck for the journey across the Atlantic Ocean. This was known as the middle passage. Conditions below deck were horrendous and slaves were denied basic sanitation. Disease was common and many died from conditions such as dysentery. Slaves were given enough food to sustain them during the voyage. However the food was unfamiliar and many slaves simply refused to eat. British trade with the Caribbean continued for many years. Slave-produced goods such as sugar and coffee were imported into British ports, helping them to become rich and powerful trading centres. Work was provided in many ports as men were employed as sailors, shipbuilders and dock workers. The profits made from the slave trade were also invested in the development of other British industries. Wealthy colonial families built huge mansions in many of the British cities where they traded.
- 7. Source A is about events on Clydeside in 1919 6. How fully does Source A explain why there was political protests in Scotland between 1910 and 1919? Source A is about the decline of Scottish industries in the 1920s 7. How fully does Source D explain the reasons for the decline of Scottish industries in the 1920s? Source A is about the impact on agriculture during the Great War 8. How fully does Source A describe the impact on agriculture and the fishing industry during the Great War? In the period just after the Great War there was a wave of working-class protest. It was feared that soldiers returning from war would find no work and many women had also lost their jobs. The government was worried that the workers of Clydeside would attempt to copy the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. There was a great deal of political unrest and some of the protesters even called for a Scottish Workers’ Republic. Before the First World War, the Scottish economy was very dependent on the traditional industries. When the war ended, there was a sharp drop in demand for Clyde-built warships. This decline in shipbuilding in the 1920s had a damaging effect on the iron and steel industries. Many of the companies had depended on shipbuilding for their orders. Despite increased competition from abroad, Scotland’s manufacturers failed to invest in new technology. Not surprisingly, overseas markets lost during the war often preferred to stay with their new suppliers. As a consequence of the war, one problem in Scottish agriculture during the past year has been the difficulty of increasing the production of food in the face of growing depletion of labour. In addition to the uncertainty of labour, Scottish farmers had to contend with an unfavourable season. Earlier in the year wool and milk prices were fixed. With the continued scarcity of labour during the year there was an upward movement of wages. Appeals are now being made in official quarters for thousands of women to meet the national emergency.
- 8. Source A is about Nazi control of people’s lives. 21. How fully does Source C describe how the Nazis controlled people’s lives? Source A is about changes to education in Nazi Germany 22. How fully does Source C describe the changes to education in Nazi Germany? Source A explains the reasons why the Weimar Republic was unpopular between 1919 and 1923 23. How fully does Source A explain why the Weimar Republic was unpopular between 1919 and 1923? Hitler and the Nazi Party aimed to control every part of people’s lives, and that included their free time. The KDF (Strength through Joy Organisation) controlled most forms of entertainment. Each year around seven million people took part in KDF sports matches. Mass outings to the theatre and the opera were arranged. The KDF had its own symphony orchestra which toured the country. Workers were also provided with affordable holidays including cruises and walking or skiing holidays. There were many changes at school. Some were barely noticed, others were introduced as though with a great fanfare of trumpets. None questioned the introduction of new Nazi textbooks. In line with National Socialist education policies, the number of PE periods was increased at the expense of religious education. When competitive field games were added to the curriculum our teacher spelled it out to us, “It is what the Führer wants for you”. At the start of class we had to raise our arms in the “Heil Hitler!” salute. The Weimar Republic had been born out of defeat in the Great War. Those loyal to the old regime adhered to the “stab-in-the-back” myth. Communists who had hoped of turning the discontent into revolutionary action had those hopes extinguished with the Socialists’ brutal treatment of the Spartacists. The instability of the successive coalition governments frustrated Germans with many looking towards the right-wing for strong leadership. It was this sense of hopelessness that the Nazis hoped to capitalise on during the Munich Putsch in 1923.
- 9. Source A is about the hyper-inflation in Germany in 1923 24. How fully does Source A describe the effects of hyper-inflation? During 1923, hyper-inflation gripped Germany. On Friday afternoons, workers desperately rushed to the nearest store, where a queue had already formed. It was soul-destroying. When you arrived a pound of sugar cost two million marks but, by the time your turn came, you could only afford a half pound. In the chaos, people pushed prams loaded with money. Life became nightmarish. We were devastated as life savings became worthless.