Experiments And Tests On Animals (Case study)
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Experiments and tests on animals have occurred for centuries, beginning with ancient Greek physicians dissecting animals. While experimentation has provided medical advances, it causes suffering to animals and raises ethical issues. Today, animal testing is regulated in some places but still widespread, with mice, rats, fish and rabbits most commonly used to develop medicines, study disease and toxicity, and for education and military research. There is ongoing debate around alternatives to animal testing and whether the benefits justify the costs to animal welfare.
Experiments And Tests On Animals (Case study)
- 1. EXPERIMENTS AND TESTS ON ANIMALS
- 2. The earliest references to animal testing are found in the writings of the Greeks in the 2nd and 4th centuries BC
- 3. Galen, a physician in 2nd-century Rome, dissected pigs and goats, and is known as the "father of vivisection". Vivisection: cutting up a being while It is awake or not dead.
- 4. People used «vivisection» for centuries, abused them. After 1610s, scientist approved that during vivisection, pain causes effects on animal’s body and It can change results of an experiment or a test.
- 5. In 1822, the first animal protection law was legalized in the British parliament.
- 6. And today, there are lots of laws against mistreatments to animals in America and Europe but many countries in the world «allows» cruelties to animals. Even in America and Europe, thousands of animals are being used on experiments and tests. Even though they are not mistreated, they die and get sick because of tests.
- 7. Why do people do tests on them?
- 8. Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Many of these experiments cause pain to the animals involved or reduce their quality of life in other ways.
- 9. If it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer then experimenting on animals produces serious moral problems. Animal experimenters are very aware of this ethical problem and acknowledge that experiments should be made as humane as possible.
- 10. And another reason: Using humans as test subjects is prohibited all over the World. With one condition people can be used as test subjects, if they are volunteers. Smoke tests
- 11. Ethical sides of the issue There are two approaches on animal experiments:
- 12. In favour of animal experiments: Experimenting on animals is acceptable if (and only if): suffering is minimised in all experiments There are benefits using animals because some tests can’t be done with other ways.
- 13. Against animal experiments: Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because: it causes suffering to animals the benefits to human beings are not proven because we don’t have the same DNAs. any benefits to human beings that animal testing does provide could be produced in other ways
- 16. Pure researches: Basic or pure research investigates how organisms behave, develop, and function.
- 17. Xenotransplantation Researches: Xenotransplantation research involves transplanting tissues or organs from one species to another, as a way to overcome the shortage of human organs for use in organ transplants.
- 18. The Vacanti Mouse The mouse had been developed by Charles Vacanti at the University of Massachusetts in order to see if an implant of artificial cells would work. During the ’90s, the photo of the mouse became viral on the internet. Soon, people protested the tests.
- 19. Toxicology Tests Toxicology testing, also known as safety testing, is conducted by pharmaceutical companies. These companies wants to see if their products are harmful for humans.
- 20. Cosmetics Testing: Cosmetics are also tested on animals, especially on rabbits. These tests cause general toxicity, eye and skin irritancy, phototoxicity (toxicity triggered by ultraviolet light) The leaping bunny logo: Products in Europe that are not tested on animals carry this symbol.
- 22. Drug Tests: In every country, drugs must be tested on animals before they get license and go on sale. These tests are mostly very harmful for animals.
- 23. Education: Most universities use animals to educate their students by dissecting animals or with other techniques.
- 24. Military Researches: Soviet Russia did horrible experiments on dogs. - The two headed dog experiment - The cut headed dog experiment
- 25. Thank you for listening
- 26. What types of animals are used? Cats Dogs Mice Fish Rats Rabbits Guinea Pigs Monkeys
- 27. graph of animals used ın tests
- 34. Here is a selection of common animal procedures: Forced chemical exposure in toxicity testing, Ear-notching and tail-clipping for identification, Infliction of wounds, burns and other injuries to study healing, Food and water deprivation etc…
- 36. Alternatives to animal testing İn alternate universes
- 37. The 3R’s;
- 38. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (peta)
- 39. Can animals be sacrificed for the devolopment on science?
- 40. Is It right to use animals even when their pain is minimalized?
- 41. Even when people are volunteers, do you think It is right to use them on tests?
- 42. If you were in a situation that you needed a critical organ to live, would you let an animal die for you?
- 43. If you were a scientist, would you spend a long time in your carreer/life looking for new ways instead of testing on animals?