Florian Leibert, CEO of Mesosphere, created Chronos as a fault-tolerant scheduler that improves upon the traditional cron command within the open-source Apache Mesos framework. It allows for more flexible task scheduling, supports long dependency chains, and can interact with systems like Hadoop, even if not all necessary components are installed. Chronos enhances task execution notifications and file transfers on remote machines while being integrated into Mesos' architecture.