Exploring Halogens - Properties, Applications, and Safety Precautions
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Halogens, comprising five elements in group 17 of the periodic table, are highly reactive non-metals that produce sodium salts and have various applications in everyday products and industry. Common uses include fluoride in toothpaste, chlorine for water purification, and bromine in photography. Due to their reactivity, halogens pose safety risks and are toxic, especially fluorine and chlorine.
Exploring Halogens - Properties, Applications, and Safety Precautions
- 1. Exploring Halogens- Properties, Applications, and Safety Precautions
- 2. Halogens •The elements of group-17 in periodic table: • Fluorine (F) • Chlorine (cl) • Bromine (br) • Iodine (I) • Astatine (at) •these five elements together are called halogen.
- 3. Definition of Halogen •They name halogen were given from the Greek roots hal- (“salt”) and -gen (“to produce”). Because they all produce sodium salts of similar properties, of which sodium chloride—table salt, or halite—is best known.
- 4. LOCATION OF THE HALOGENS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE •The halogens are in Group VIIA of the periodic table or group 17 using IUPAC nomenclature. The element groups is a particular class of non-metals.
- 5. HALOGENS WITH THEIR ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
- 7. Fluorine REFRIGERATOR FLUIDS TOOTHPASTE (MOST WELL-KNOWN USE) HELPS MAKE YOUR TEETH WHITER AND NOT DECAY
- 8. Chlorine SWIMMING POOLS WATER PURIFICATION (HELPED STOP CHOLERA) PLASTICS, SUCH AS PVC BLEACH MAKING PAPER (MAKES THE PAPER WHITE)
- 9. Bromine Photography Water Purification as Disinfects fresh water.
- 10. Iodine Medicine as Eye Drop.
- 11. Astatine • No real uses
- 12. Uses in Industry Life The high reactivity makes halogens excellent disinfectants. Chlorine bleach and iodine tincture are two well-known examples. The organo-bromides are used as flame retardants. Halogens react with metals to form salts. The chlorine ion, usually obtained from table salt (NaCl) is essential for human life. Fluorine, in the form of fluoride, is used to help prevent tooth decay. The halogens are used in lamps and refrigerants.
- 13. PRECAUTIONS AND WARNING Due to their high reactivity, all halogens are potentially dangerous, especially if they have been isolated by chemical processes. Fluorine is especially problematic, as the element will react with most other materials. Even storage materials like glass can react with fluorine and create dangerous results. While the other halogens are less reactive, they are still extremely dangerous. Chlorine gas is particularly toxic in high concentrations.
- 14. PROPERTIES VERY HIGH ELECTRO-NEGATIVITIES. SEVEN VALENCE ELECTRONS (ONE SHORT OF A STABLE OCTET) HIGHLY REACTIVE, ESPECIALLY WITH ALKALI METALS AND ALKALINE EARTHS. HALOGENS ARE THE MOST REACTIVE NON-METALS. BECAUSE THEY ARE SO REACTIVE, ELEMENTAL HALOGENS ARE TOXIC AND POTENTIALLY LETHAL. TOXICITY DECREASES WITH HEAVIER HALOGENS, UNTIL YOU GET TO ASTATINE, WHICH IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE OF ITS RADIOACTIVITY.