exploring the types of Soil-Science grade 4.p Q4pt
- 1. Soil Science: A Hands-On Exploration This presentation will guide you through a comprehensive lesson plan for Science 4, focusing on the fascinating world of soil. We'll explore the importance of soil for plant growth, delve into different soil types, and conduct a hands-on investigation to understand how soil affects plant growth. EA By Elmy Rose Akramen
- 2. Lesson Objectives 1 Soil Types Compare different types of soil, including sandy, clay, silt, and loam, focusing on their water-holding capacity. 2 Plant Growth Participate in a guided investigation to identify the effect of different types of soil on the growth of plants.
- 4. 1. Can you describe the picture? 2. Can you identify the earth’s system four sphere? 3. Can you describe lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere? What are their commonalities? 4. Can you give at least three non-living things that are found in the planet?
- 5. Have you ever wonder how soil is being formed?
- 6. Understanding Soil What is Soil? is the loose layer of material that covers the earth’s surface. it is the foundation for agriculture. soil is essential for the well-being of living things. Importance for Plant Growth Soil provides essential nutrients, water, and support for plant roots, making it crucial for plant growth and overall ecosystem health.
- 7. Types of Soil Has a light or reddish brown color. it is smooth and sticky when wet, but rough when dry. it has the smallest particles. some types of clay have tightly packed particles, leaving airspace between them. clay soil tends to be rich in nutrients, but its tightly parcticles can delay root development. Clay Soil Sandy Soil Is a coarse,gritty or grainy, and rocky. Predominantly sand particles provide good drainage but retain less water. Suitable for plants needing well-drained conditions.
- 8. SILT SOIL silt is like clay, is smooth to the touch. it is silky or flour like. ts particles are smaller than sand but bigger than clay particles. it is more fertile than sand. silt soil is suitable for various plants. its colors range from light brown to dark gray. Loam Soil is a combination of sand clay, and silt in vary amount. it is colored brown or dark brown that feels gritty and crumbly beacuse of the presences of humus. This fertile composition makes loam well-suited for plant growth.
- 9. Soil Colors and Their Causes Color Cause Description Black High levels of organic matter (e.g., peat). Often found in topsoil where organic matter accumulates. Red Presence of iron oxides in well-aerated soils. Common in tropical and subtropical regions with good drainage. Yellow to Yellow-Brown Hydrated iron compounds or jarosite accumulation. Indicates poorer drainage compared to red soils. Brown Moderate levels of organic matter combined with iron oxides. Typical for many temperate region soils. Gray or Blue (Gleyed) Poor drainage leading to reduced iron compounds. Found in waterlogged or anaerobic conditions. Green Iron reduction can impart a greenish color. Certain minerals like glauconite can also cause green hues. White/Pale/Bleached Salt, carbonate, or calcite accumulations common in arid environments. Leaching out of iron particles due to high rainfall.
- 10. Soil Components 1 Minerals About 45% of soil consists of minerals, derived from the breakdown of rocks. These include particles like sand, silt, and clay. 2 Organic Matter Approximately 5% is organic matter, including decaying plants and animals (humus). 3 Water Typically occupies about 20- 30% or sometimes up to 25% of the soil volume. 4 Air/Gases Also fills about 20-30% or sometimes up to 25% of the soil volume. 5 Living Organisms Includes microorganisms and larger organisms like insects and worms.
- 12. Soil Conservation Observe proper waste disposal to prevent soil pollution. Use organic fertilizers made from biodegradable materials instead of excessive chemical fertilizers. Protect the topmost layer of the soil by not digging unnecessarily and planting trees to prevent erosion.
- 13. Soil Absorption Experiment Introduction Introduce different soil samples (sand, clay, and loam) and briefly discuss their characteristics. Procedure Place containers labeled with soil types on trays. Instruct students to dip sponges in water and squeeze them over the soil, simulating watering. Observation Encourage students to observe and discuss how the soil absorbs or repels water for each type. Discussion Facilitate a class discussion based on observations, introducing key concepts related to soil absorption and its importance for plant growth.
- 14. Direction: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided before each number. _____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soil? a. texture b. color c. weight d. ability to hold water _____ 2. Mang Tino plans to use soil in his garden that has humus. What kind of soil should he use? a. clay b. loam c. sand d. silt _____ 3. Which type of soil can hold a lot of water? a. clay b. loam c. sand d. silt
- 15. 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? a. The color of soil is due to the kinds of materials present in it. b. Black soil is rich in organic matter such as decaying plants and animals. c. Black soil is a very fertile soil. d. Red or brown soil contains iron and is as fertile as black soil. _____ 5. Soil is also used as construction materials. Which soil is best used as construction materials? a. loam and gravel c. silt and gravel b. sand and loam d. sand and gravel _____ 6. Which type of soil is used for making pots? a. clay b. loam c. sand d. silt _____ 7. Which of these materials is biodegradable? a. rubber b. metals c. tissue d. rubber _____ 8. Which of the following is considered a pollutant? a. waste from mines and factories b. insecticides c. fertilizers d. all of the above
- 16. _____ 9. Which of the following practices does not show soil conservation? a. Observe proper waste disposal b. Use too much fertilizer and pesticide. c. Use organic fertilizers made from biodegradable materials. d. Protect the topmost layer of the soil by not digging unnecessarily. _____ 10. Soil is essential to… a. plants b. animals c. humans d. All of the above
- 17. Assignment Soil pollution is a condition where soil contains materials that make the soil unfit for use. As a Grade 4 student, how will you help prevent soil pollution?