Expressionism & Futurism
- 1. 6.53 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE I ARCH 4591 Instructor: Lewi Tsegaye ADDIS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
- 2. CONTENT 2 Expressionism Origin of Expressionism Characteristics Architects Examples Futurism Origin of Futurism Characteristics Influence Architects Examples
- 3. EXPRESSIONISM 1900S to 1933 3
- 4. ORIGIN OF EXPRESSIONISM • A movement emerged in Northern Europe during the first decades of the 20th century, parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in Germany. 4
- 5. ORIGIN OF EXPRESSIONISM • Expressionist architects used materials such as brick, concrete and glass to create unique sculptural forms and massing, sometimes distorted and fragmented to express an emotional perspective. 5
- 6. EVENTS DURING EXPRESSIONISM • Important occasions in Expressionist architecture include; • The Werkbund Exhibition (1914) in Cologne, • The completion Großes Schauspielhaus theater, at Berlin in 1919, • The Glass Chain letters, and • The activities of the Amsterdam School. 6 Großes Schauspielhaus theatre, Berlin, Germany
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- 8. 8 'Het Schip' apartment building in Amsterdam, 1917-20 (Michel de Klerk)
- 9. 9 'Het Schip' apartment building in Amsterdam, 1917-20 (Michel de Klerk)
- 10. INFLUENCE OF EXPRESSIONISM • In 1933, after the Nazi seizure of power in Germany, expressionist art was outlawed as degenerate. • Expressionistic architecture today is an evident influence in Deconstructivism. 10 Dancing House by Vlado Milunić and Frank Gehry, Prague, Czech Republic The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry, in Bilbao, Spain Walt Disney Concert Hall by Frank Gehry, Los Angeles, California Seattle Central Library, Rem Koolhaas and OMA
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS • Abstraction • Unusual & innovative building forms • Expressing emotion through distorted forms. • Emphasis of symbolic or stylistic expression over realism. • Materials such as brick, concrete and glass 11
- 12. CHARACTERISTICS • Unusual massing • sometimes inspired by natural biomorphic forms • Natural themes such as mountains, lightning, rock formations, caves, and so on. • The romantic appreciation of architecture as an art form. 12 Casa Milà, 1912
- 13. ARCHITECTS OF EXPRESSIONISM 13 Glass Pavilion, 1914 Bruno Taut Erich Mendelsohn Einstein Tower, 1921 Casa Milà, 1912 Antoni Gaudí Cornet
- 14. EXAMPLES OF FUTURISM 14 Kameleon Department Store, 1928, Warsaw, Poland Einstein Tower, 1921, Potsdam, Germany
- 15. 15 Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut in Ronchamp, 1955 (Expressionist architecture after World War II)
- 16. 16 National Bank of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
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- 18. FUTURISM 1909 to 1939 18
- 19. ORIGIN OF FUTURISM • Italian Movement of Arts • Begun in 1909, by Filippo Marinetti • 1910- painters published a manifesto of Futurism called "Manifesto of Futurist Architecture" • Violent protest against historical styles • Found new aesthetics in the machine. 19 Perspective drawing from La Città Nuova by Sant'Elia, 1914
- 20. CHARACTERISTICS • Long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism • Glorified mechanical aspects of art over traditional imitation of beauty • Designs and drawings for an imaginary city • Utopian visions for futurist cities • limitless in scope and scale 20
- 21. • Futurism went out of fashion following WWII • Emerged again in a reinterpreted form with the popularity of futuristic comic books and the arrival of the Space Age. • This became known as ‘Googie’ architecture, which first appeared in Southern California during the late-1940s, influenced by the futurist designs of car culture, jet travel and the Atomic Age. 21
- 22. ARCHITECTS OF FUTURISM 22 Antonio Sant'Elia House with external elevators (1914) Power station (1914)
- 23. ARCHITECTS OF FUTURISM 2 3 Giacomo Mattè-Trucco Lingotto building, Turin, Italy 1923
- 25. EXAMPLES OF FUTURISM 25 Lingotto building, Turin, Italy 1923, Giacomo Mattè-Trucco
- 26. THANK YOU