F1 Drainage fundamentals
- 1. Drainage Fundamentals 1Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 2. Module A: Fundamentals2Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 3. Soil Structure And Pore Space3Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 4. Drainage occurs when:4Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 5. Pore spaces5Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 6. Factors affecting Water intake and retention 6Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 7. Infiltration rate 7Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 8. Saturation8Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 9. Field Capacity9Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 10. Water Adhesion to Soil particles10Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 11. Wilting point11Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 12. Surface Tension12Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 13. Gravity13Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 14. Capillary Fringe14Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 15. Capillary Fringe15Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 16. Capillary action16Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 17. 17Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 18. Capillary Action18Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 19. Lateral movement of water in soils19Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 20. 20Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 21. Rising water table21Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 22. To alleviate rising water table (springs)22Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 23. Piezometer23Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 24. Natural Deep drainage24Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 25. Free Water vs capillary fringe25Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 26. Drainage Fundamentals 26Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 27. Perched Water table27Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 28. How does a perched water table work?28Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 29. Height of Perched table 29Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 30. Perched Heights30Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 31. Perched Water Table31Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 32. Perched water table32Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 33. Capillary fringe: Air entry pointPractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200033
- 34. Capillary Fringe:Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200034
- 35. Capillary fringePractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200035
- 36. Movement into secondary profile36Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 37. Saturated Free water zone37Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 38. Saturated Free water zone38Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 39. Hydraulic conductivity: USGA spec( SHC)39Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 40. Hydraulic conductivity: testing40Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 41. Hydraulic Conductivity: Soil Types41Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 42. Hydraulic conductivity:42Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 43. Tube experiment: Moisture release curvePractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200043
- 44. Hooghouts: Defined termsD: = drainage rate (“/hr) of saturated free water zone at midpoint44Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 45. Hooghouts Formula:K:Saturated hydraulic conductivity of top soil in inches/hr45Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 46. Hooghouts FormulaH² is equivalent to Ha X HbHa = height of saturated free water zone,Hb = height of saturated free water zone that water must flow through46Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 47. Hooghouts FormulaS² is equivalent to Sa X SbSa = is the distance between drainsSb =distance between drains where component of the area water is collected47Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 48. Hooghouts formula: Calculating rate of drainage at midpointCalculations to reduce height of free water BETWEEN drains48Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 49. Hydraulic conductivityA description of various soils and conductivitiesPractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200049
- 50. Silt/Clay LoamPractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200050
- 51. Sandy LoamPractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200051
- 52. Hydraulic Conductivity .2”/hr(no surface drainage)Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200052
- 53. Slow draining base(no surface drainage)Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200053
- 54. Hydraulic conductivity .8”/hr(no surface drainage)Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200054
- 55. Hydraulic conductivity 2”/hr(no surface drainage)Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200055
- 56. Summary: What does this tell us?Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200056
- 57. SummaryPractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200057
- 58. Summary: Problem solving HCPractical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200058
- 59. Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 200059
- 60. Designing subsoil drains60Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 61. Discharge area: Subsoil drainsDecide where to discharge the waterDesign UP from discharge point (minimum 1:70)Have uniform fall on all pipes61Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 62. Discharge area: Subsoil drainsOpen drainCreekBe aware what will happen during floodingDischarge must be above levelDesign the drain FROM the discharge point upwardUniform fall on all pipes62Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 63. Subsoil drain pattern:Favoured design30-45% angleSmall laterals into larger mainFlexible corrugated tileJoints are offset from each other63Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 64. Determining pipe sizingManufacturers supply max flow performanceAs pipe length increases, friction loss increasesMain runs with the slopeLaterals run across slope64Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 65. A fall of .5ft in 49.5 ft is 1:99Efficient and simpleLaterals same distance apartUniform drainage for the whole area65Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 66. Calculating pipe required66Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 67. How to size pipeAssume area of 1ac (43,560ft sq)Uniform slope of 1:70, down 295 ft. no cross fallSubsoil drains spaced at 6.6ft, topsoil at 12” HC 2”/hrRainfall event of 2”/hr67Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 68. Example of racetrack drainage68Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 69. Sizing drainsHigh traffic area with subtle drain coverOff back of greenRealistic sizingNo additional labor for trimming/maintenance69Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 70. Principles of Subsoil Drainage MigrationFilter materialInstallation techniques70Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 71. Choosing the right filter materialFilter material should bemade on the basis of type or sand that will surround itIf the drain is in a fine soil, filter should be a coarse river sand-NOT GRAVEL!71Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 72. Migration of particlesSignificant amount of fines enter the surrounding soilTHIS moves fines into the pipeQuickly collapses the drain, often during first few waterings72Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 73. Particle migration into coarser gravelsCommon mistakes:Surround pipe with coarse gravel or crushPea gravel ¼ - 3/8” often specifiedOverall, these gravels are too large!!73Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 74. Filter material entering pipe We are too worried about filter material entering the drain pipeIf gravel is used, smaller particles will migrate into the large pores74Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 75. When to use gravel filter material75Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 76. Clean filter materialMake sure no fines in the filter materialUse HC of the filter material >100”/hr (sand withought fines)Misconception: Sand will not enter drain pipe except from above. Surface area of slots is less that 1% of pipe surface area.76Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 77. Bridging factorIf gravel is too coarse, bridging factor will be too highUsing finer filter material prevents migration of particles from surrounding soil.77Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 78. Diameter ratingWhen installing subsoil drains, in any situation other than USGA sand, use clean washed sand. NOT pea gravel, or any gravel with a D15 less than 1mm. D15 means 15% of the filler is larger than the specified size, 85% spec.78Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 79. Installing subsoil drainsCut into the area below the soil to be drainedMake sure sides are verticalAvoid subsoil contaminationProvide uniform slope79Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 80. Installing subsoil drainsClean vertical trenches2” of sand at bottom of trenchEven slopeCorrect high/low points Lay slits on BOTTOM of trench*water enters pipe from the bottom80Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 81. Installing subsoil drainsCover the pipe with filter sand 2” surrounding Firm down/light rollingUse commercial joints81Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 82. Geofabrics: Never wrap pipes82Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 83. Types of pipesFlexible slotted (agricultural)2-8” diameterCommonly used is 4” outer diameterSlot size varyThese pipes self-clean, depositing fines though the ridgesThis process will not block pipes83Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 84. Types of drain pipes84Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000
- 85. Common drainage mistakesIncorrect backfill materialIncorrect pipe connectorsMisunderstanding of surface and subsurface drainage85Practical Drainage for Sportsturf, Golf, and Horticulture. Keith McIntyre, Brent Jakobsen, Ann Arbor Press, 2000