Face and scalp
- 3. Soft tissue covering the cranial vault It is hair bearing areaof the skull Extends from supra orbital margin anteriorly to external occipital protuberance& superior nuchal line posteriorly Oneachside to superior temporal line
- 4. S- Skin C- connective tissue (superficial fascia) A-Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) L- Loose areolartissue P- Pericranium
- 6. Skin A layer of thin skin containing numerous hair follicles,sweat glands, and sebaceous glands covers the scalp. Connectivetissue Athick, dense,subcutaneousconnective tissue is anchored firmly to the skin above and the membranous layer below. Fibrous and dense containing blood vessels andnerves
- 7. Aponeurosis Isformed by the gales aponeurotica. Loose ConnectiveTissue Allows freedom of movement of the superficial three layers over the top of the skull Periocranium The periosteum of the skull. Firmly anchored to the underlying bone.
- 8. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE Called dangerous layer of scalp-emissaryveins open here and carry any infections inside the brain (venoussinus) Bleeding lead toblack eye Caput succedaneum innew born PERICRANIUM Injury deep to it take the shapeof bone called cephalhaematoma
- 10. a. EYES b. NOSE c. EARS
- 11. TheFace Boundaries: 1. Superior - Hairline 2. Inferior- Lower border of themandible
- 12. Regions ofthe Face 1. Forehead 2. Temporal 3. Orbital 4. External nose 5. Zygomatic 6. Oral 7. Cheeks 8. Mental 9. External ear
- 14. Eyelids(Palpebrae) • - Formacurtain for the ocularglobeorthe eyeball. • External features: 1. Palpebral fissure - transverseelliptical opening between the upperandlowereyelid. 2. Palpebral commissure (canthus(- the lateral andmedial junctionsof theupperandlowereyelids. 3. Superiorpalpebral margins- coversthe superior 1/5of theiris whenthelidsareopen.
- 15. External features: 4. Inferior palpebral margins - cuts across the lower borderof the iris when the lids are open. 5. Cilia or eyelashes - project from the palpebralmargins intwo or three irregular rows. 6. Plica semilunaris - acresent fold at the medial angle ofthe eye that separates the white of the eye from the medial, reddish-colored lacrimallake.
- 16. External features: 7. Lacrimal lake - small, raised, triangular are borderedby the plica semilunaris;araised, reddish areawithin the lakeis the caruncle. 8. Superior and inferior papillae - are small, raised bumps at the junction of the ciliated hairless margins of the lids; at the apexof which is the lacrimalpunctum. 9. Conjuctivum - mucous membrane inner lining of the lid.
- 19. External Nose: -The framework is composed of the nasal bones, septal cartilage, lateral cartilages, and alar cartilages. -Skin of the nose is continues beyond the external naresinto the vestibule of the nose, with nasal hairs to filter larger particles of dusts in the air.
- 22. External Ear - Contains asingle elastic cartilage which provides support to the external ear. - Skin istightly bound to the cartilage with no intervening subcutaneouslayer. - Skin and cartilage is thrown into several folds.
- 24. Bones involved: 1. Maxilla 2. Zygomatic Bone 3. SphenoidBone 4. Frontal Bone 5. PalatineBone 6. Ethmoid Bone 7. LacrimalBone.
- 25. Roof - orbital plate of the frontal bone - lesser wings of sphenoid.
- 26. Lateral wall - Zygomatic process of the frontal bone - Orbital plate of the zygomatic bone - Orbital plate of the greater wings of sphenoid
- 27. Medial wall - Frontal processof the maxilla - Lacrimal bone - Orbital plate of ethmoid bone - Body of sphenoid
- 28. Floor - Orbital plate of the maxilla - Orbital plate of the zygomatic bone - Orbital processof the palatinebone
- 29. Base Superiorly –frontalbone Medially - frontalprocess of themaxilla Laterally - frontal process ofthe zygomatic bone Inferiorly - Maxilla medially - zygomaticbone laterally
- 30. Apex - Formed by the convergence ofthe four walls
- 31. Bones involved: 1. Nasal Bone 2. Frontal Bone 3. Ethmoid Bone 4. Sphenoid Bone 5. Vomer 6. Maxilla 7. Palatine Bone 8. Lacrimal Bone 9. Inferior nasalConcha
- 32. Anterior –pyriform aperture Posterior - Pharynx through the posteriornares
- 33. SuperiorWall: 1. Anterior –nasalbone -nasal processof the frontal bone 2. Middle - cribriform plate of ethmoid bone 3. Posterior - body ofthe sphenoid
- 34. MedianWall: - Perpendicular plate of ethmoid - Vomer.
- 35. InferiorWall: - Palatine process of themaxilla - Horizontal plate of palatinebone
- 36. LateralWall: a. Superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid bone b. Inferior nasalconchae