Fall2015 amergovtweek2lecture4part2polsusfounding
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This document summarizes a lecture on the politics of the American founding. It covers several parts: the Constitutional Convention, debates around state representation and plans, ratification, and the complexity of the founding. At the Convention, delegates debated the Virginia and New Jersey plans, with disagreements around federalism and representation. The Great Compromise blended the two plans to create a bicameral legislature. Federalists advocated for ratification in conventions, while Anti-Federalists opposed it. The Federalist Papers were influential in building support. Overall, the founding involved competing views among elites and the rise of ordinary citizens in the new republic.
Fall2015 amergovtweek2lecture4part2polsusfounding
- 1. WEEK#1 LECTURE #4POLITICS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING PART 2 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT PROFESSOR SHASTRI FALL 2015
- 2. AMERICAN FOUNDING POLITICS #2 OUTLINE PART 2A) CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION PART 2B) SIZE OF STATES, REPRESENTATION, & PLAN PART 2C) RATIFICATION PART 2D) COMPLEXITY OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING
- 4. BASICS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION • ASSEMBLY OF 55 DELEGATES IN THE SUMMER OF 1787 TO RECAST THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION • PURPOSE OF CONVENTION • VERY ELITE GROUP IN ALMOST EVERY WAY • FEDERALISM (PG. 78)
- 5. CONVENTION DELEGATES MAIN CONCERNS • US BEING TREATED WITH CONTEMPT, TRADE CONCERNS • SPREAD OF SHAY’S REBELLION RADICALISM • NATIVE AMERICANS FIGHT BACK, CITIZEN WERE UNPROTECTED • POSTWAR DEPRESSION WORSENING
- 6. FEDERALISM: SUPPORTERS & OPPONENTS FEDERALISTS: A FAIRLY STRONG FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, BUT WHILE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS POWER, BUT STATES HAVE THEIR OWN POWER ANTI-FEDERALISTS: WEAK FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, BASED ON FEAR, POWER IS SCATTERED, LIKE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION; STATE GOVERNMENTS ARE STRONG
- 7. PART 1B) SIZE OF STATES, REPRESENTATION, & PLANS
- 8. POWER DISTRIBUTION: SIZE OR EQUALITY? VIRGINIA PLAN (VP): REPRESENTATION BASED ON (FREE) POPULATION, FAVORS MORE POPULOUS STATES NEW JERSEY PLAN (NJP): EACH STATE GETS ONE VOTE, FAVORS SMALLER STATES SMALL STATES REALLY LESS IN TODAY’S HOUSE????
- 9. LEGISLATURE AND LAWMAKING VP “LARGE STATES PLAN” (“LSP”): BICAMERAL: HOUSE CHOSEN BY PEOPLE, SENATE CHOSEN BY THE HOUSE 1ST; MAJORITY PASSES THE LAWS; NATIONAL LAWS ARE SUPREME NJP “SMALL STATES PLAN” (“SSP”): UNICAMERAL: DIRECT ELECTION; EQUAL REPRESENTATION AMONG STATES; SUPERMAJORITY IS NEEDED TO PASS LAWS; STATE LAWS SUPREME
- 10. CONGRESS DO’S AND DON’TS VP (“LSP”): CAN LEGISLATE “WHEREVER STATES ARE INCOMPETENT” OR PRESERVE THE HARMONY OF THE U.S.”, CHECKS ON THIS BRANCH, CONTROL OVER OTHER BRANCHES NJP “SSP”: CAN TAX AND REGULATE COMMERCE, CHECKS THIS BRANCH, CONTROL OVER OTHER BRANCHES
- 11. EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES VP-LSP: EXECUTIVE SIZE UNDETERMINED, SELECTED BY LEGISLATURE; JUDICIARY (NAT’L) LIFE TENURE THAT’S ABLE TO VETO LEGISLATURE COUNCIL IN REVISION NJP-SSP: MULTIPLE EXECUTIVE REMOVABLE BY MAJORITY, EXECUTIVES APPOINT JUDICIARY, JUDICIARY HAS NO POWER OVER STATES NOR FEDERAL COURTS
- 12. THE GREAT COMPROMISE: SLIDE #1 • KEPT MUCH OF THE VIRGINIA PLAN, STRONG FEDERAL STRUCTURE, BECAME OUR CONSTITUTION • BICAMERAL: HOUSE ELECTED BY PEOPLE, SENATE BY STATE LEGISLATURE, ALL REVENUE BILLS ORIGINATE IN LOWER HOUSE, LAWS PASSED BY SIMPLE MAJORITY
- 13. THE GREAT COMPROMISE: SLIDE #2 • SINGULAR EXECUTIVE CHOSEN BY “EC”, ELECTORS CHOSEN BY STATE LEGISLATORS; NAT’L JUDICARY • COMPROMISE HAD TWO CHAMBERS, ONE ON SIZE, ONE ON EQUALITY, REVENUE BILLS LOWER HOUSE • 3/5’S COMPROMISE (PG. 79) RECONCILED NORTH AND SOUTH
- 15. BASICS OF RATIFICATION • RATIFICATION (PG. 82) • FEDERALISTS: PRO-RATIFICATION • ANTI-FEDERALISTS: ANTI-RATIFICATION • WHOSE IN WHICH CAMP?
- 16. FEDERALIST ADVANTAGES • NONUNANIMOUS CONSENT • SPECIAL “RATIFYING CONVENTIONS” • RULE OF SECRECY • CONVENTIONS HELD IN WINTER
- 17. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS #1 PG. 83, A SERIES OF ESSAYS WRITTEN TO BUILD SUPPORT FOR RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION • #10-MADISON, FACTIONS (PG. 83) • #15-HAMILTON, ATTACKED THE AOTC • #46-MADISON FEDERALISM, STATES POWER • #51-MADISON DIVISION OF GOVERNMENT, MULTIPLICITY OF INTERESTS
- 18. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS #2 • #69-HAMILTON “REAL CHARACTER OF EXECUTIVE” ACCOUNTABLE • #70-HAMILTON EXECUTIVE POWER IMPORTANCE OF STRONG ONE • #78-HAMILTON JUDICIARY WEAKEST, NOT FORCE OR WILL, BUT JUDGMENT • #84 HAMILTON-BILL OF RIGHTS PG. 84, NOT NEEDED
- 19. PART 2D) COMPLEXITY OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING
- 20. THE TWO IMPORTANT POINTS ON TWO NARRATIVES COMPETING ELITES: 4 COMPETITIONS, TWO STATE-BASED, ECONOMICS, & VIEWS OF GOVERNMENT RISE OF ORDINARY CITIZEN: MANY NOT ELITE, 3 ELEMENTS OF CITIZENSHIP