FARMBOT FOR ONE-STOP MULTIFUNCTIONAL FARMING SOLUTION

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 653
FARMBOT FOR ONE-STOP MULTIFUNCTIONAL FARMING SOLUTION
Prof. Spoorthi S N1, Jyothika R2, Meghana S M3, Nagaraj K S4, Sanjay Rao C S5
1Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VVIET, Mysuru, India
2Student, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VVIET, Mysuru, India
3 Student, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VVIET, Mysuru, India
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Abstract - Agriculture is humankind’s oldest and still
important economic activity. In India agriculture is an
essential occupation. With the advancement of science and
up to date technologies, the eyes of scientists are getting
directed towards two fields – Farming and Robotics System.
But the mix of these two technologies can serve efficiently
for several problems by overcoming the limitation of
previous technologies. Farmbotforone-stopmultifunctional
farming solution is a robot designed for agricultural
purposes. It is designed to minimize the labor of farmers in
addition to increasing the speed and accuracy of the work. It
performs the elementary functions involved in farming i.e.,
sowing of seeds, irrigation temperaturesensing. Thisproject
is to develop a robot capable of performing operations like
automatic seed sowing, fertilization, and water sprinkling.
Additionally, to the present, obstacle detection and image
processing is included. The aim to develop this device isthat
it can automatically control agricultural operations. The
images of crop are captured using camera on robot and
recorded in a memory card which is later run using artificial
intelligence to detect any diseases in the crop
Key Words: Agriculture, Robotics, Automation,
Obstacle detection, Image processing, Machine learning
1. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is humankind’s oldest and still important
economic activity. Farmers today spend a lot of money on
machines that help them decrease labor work and increase
yield of crops. There are various machines that are available
for ploughing, harvesting, spraying pesticides etc., however
these machines have to be manuallyoperatedtoperform the
required operations and moreover separate machines are
used for every function. The yield and profit returns from
employing this equipment are very less as compared to the
investment. Another issue is the growing demands of the
world’s population. The World Health Organization
estimates that Earth’s population will touch 9 billion in 35
years which will lead to a staggering demand in increase of
growth of food crops. Developing technology can be used as
a measure to assist the farmers in farming. Robotics and
automation can play a significant role in enhancing
agricultural production needs. Automation can be done by
man in operations such as pruning thinning and harvesting,
as well as mowing, spraying and weed removal. We can also
implement with the advancement in sensors and control
systems that allow for optimal resource and integrated
disease and pest management.
1.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] Agricultural Robot for Automatic PloughingSeeding,
2015. Amrita, Sneha A, Abrasive, Ankita A,
Mrs.R.Praveena, Mrs.R.Srimeena
In the method the farmers themselves verify all the
parameters and calculate the readings. It focuses on
developing tools to display and alert the users.
[2] The design of general purpose autonomous
agricultural mobile robot: “AGROBOT”, 2020. Burak
Berk Üstündağ
It focuses on sustaining robot which has the capability of
processing and monitoring field operations like spraying,
fertilization, diseases diagnosis, yield evaluation, soil
evaluation.
[3] Gesture Controlled Wireless Agricultural Weeding
Robot, 2019. S. Gokul, R. Dhiksith, S. Ajith Sundaresh, M.
Gopinath
This paper goals to replacement of hand weeding in organic
farming by a device working with gesture control at field
level.
[4] Managing a Mobile Agricultural Robot Swarm for a
Seeding Task, 2016. Timo Blender, Thiemo Buchner,
Benjamin Fernandez, Benno Pichlmaier and Christian
Schlegel
This is an approach for self sufficient seeding task via a
coordinated swarm of robot.
[5] Multipurpose AutonomousAgriculturalRobot,2020.
K Durga Sowjanya, R Sindhu,MParijatham,KSrikanth,P
Bhargav
The project was developed and tested for various
agricultural activities like ploughing, seeding and levelling
using robot with C programming.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
In the modern era, the main problem in agricultural field
includes
1. Lack of farm labor availability
2. Increase in labor wages
3. Wastage of seeds
4. More wastage in water
5. Disease detection
1.3 OBJECTIVES
To build a battery-operated Agricultural Robot for
multipurpose farm activities. It should check humidity and
temperature of surroundings. The seeds have to be
dispensed. Spraying of water if moisture content is low.
Image capturing of crops for disease detection. Disease
detection using machine learning.
2.1 Methodology
This block diagram shows the overall view of the Farmbot.
The blocks connected here are Arduino UNO, LCD display,
PIR Sensor, Temperature and Humidity sensor, Wireless
Camera, Bluetooth, buzzer, Seed Sower Unit, sprayer unit.
Fig 1- Block Diagram of Farmbot
The below diagram shows control of robot using Bluetooth
communication
Fig 2- Blutooth Communication Block Diagram
Fig shows the training phase, few images are trained by
extracting their feature and stored in a dataset. Which is
used as reference data for the classifier to classify the input
images.
Fig 4- training phase
Fig shows the testing phase, the test image is sorted out and
features are is given as input to the classifier. The classifier
compares using the features stored in dataset during the
training phase and results are given.
Fig 5- testing phase
In this project the software implementation is categorized
for two modes based on the factors, operations that are
being performed and the circuit configuration. The modes
are namely,
Mode-1: In this mode we focus on the components that’s
situated near the Arduino chip. We only focus on the IR
sensor, DHT11 sensor and the Display.

Mode-2: In this mode we focus on the heavy operational
components such as the seed Sower unit and the sprayer
unit.
Fig 6- Mode 1 Flowcart
Fig 7- Mode 2 Flowchart
2.2 HARDWARE IMPLLEMENTATION
The working of the agricultural robot is mainly dependent
on the Arduino UNO. When we on the robot and connect to
supply from battery, we have to connect it to mobile
application named ‘FARMBOT’ using Bluetooth. The
application gives voice command saying “connected”. The
application as a image of man which when we give long
press shows the value of temperature and humidity. This
agriculture robot has two units:
1. Seed sowing unit
2. Water Sprayer unit
These 2 units can be controlled with the help of Bluetooth
module.
The seed sowing unit has a motor unit and a hole within the
unit for seed storing. As soon as the seed sowing icon is
pressed the flap opens. The robot moves certain distance,
flap opens seeds are dropped and flap closes and robot
moves forward. This operation is continued until we press
stop icon.
A unit for water is provided. This has the pipe with small
holes attached to it. And when the sprinklericonisturnedon
the relay turns on which in turn turn on the motor to spray
water. Again this action is stopped when we press the stop
icon.
This particular robot has one more feature i.e., “Obstacle
sensing”. For this purpose, the ultrasonic sensor isused. The
sensor detects the object from the adjusted distance and
robot turns towards left or right. The movement of the
robotic vehicle is controlled with the help of Bluetooth
module and mobile application. It can go front, back, right
and left. It also has a camera fixed using which it collects
images of crop.
2.3 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
For this robot the software used is Embedded C.
There is an additional feature i.e disease detection using
machine learning. In training phase few images are trained
by extracting their feature and stored dataset, which is used
as reference data for the classifier to classify the input
images.
In testing phase the test image is sorted out and features are
given as input to the classifier. The classifier comparesusing
features stored in dataset during the training period and
results are given.
We have used phyton programming for this operation.

ADVANTAGES
Efficient in serving its purposes like seed sowing and water
spraying.
It reduces human efforts.
It is easy to use Bluetooth control unit to control the
complete movement of bot is user friendly.
Transportation of the robot is easy and can be handled
smoothly due to the design planning and structure of robot.
Performs primary functions agriculture.
It is cost efficient.
Increase yield in crops.
Image processing and machine vision have a greater
prospective in determining rice blast disease.
3. CONCLUSIONS
Agricultural robots are feasible machinery and devices for
agricultural uses that provide precise accuracy in seeding,
weeding, watering, harvesting,andreducingfarmwaste. The
discovery highlighted the significant benefit of robots in
agricultural techniques for effective mechanized farming in
the agricultural industry. Agricultural robots are critical
equipment for performing repetitive jobs faster, cheaper,
and more correctly than people in farm cultural practices,
inspection, and harvesting as well as post-harvest
processing.
An attempt is made in developing a Farmbot with is
Bluetooth operated agricultural robot which performs
sowing of seeds, water sprinkling operations. The proposed
system is battery operated ad controlled by Bluetooth
device. Using this robot, farmer can carry out other
secondary activity along with operating robot. By carrying
out multiple activities at the same time, farmer can increase
his income which results in development of economy.
Tremendous development has to be done in identifying and
flagging of blast resistance genes with different molecular
markers. The most significant is neck blast. Biological
control introduction is environment friendly in rice
production. Rice cultivation techniques should be altered
with modern approachcroppingsystem.Croprotationis one
of the vital techniques for reducing the occurrence of rice
blast disease. And adapt new varieties as climate changes.
REFERENCES
[1] Simon Blackmore, Bill Stout, Maohua Wang, Boris Runov
(2005), Robotic agriculture – The future of agriculture
mechanism, Agro Technology, the royal veterinary, and
agriculture University.
[2] Agricultural Census: All India report on numberandarea
of operational holdings. Agricultural census division,
Department of agriculture and co-operation, Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India 2014.
[3] R. Eaton, R. Eaton, J. Katupitiya, S.D. Pathirana (2008),
Autonomous farming: Modelling and control of agricultural
machinery in a unified framework,15th international
conference on mechatronics and machine vision in practice,
New Zealand.
[4] Akhila Gollakota, "A Multipurpose Agricultural Robot ",
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad
Campus.
[5]Amrita A. Joshi,B.D. Jadhav(2016)IEEE,”Monitoring and
Controlling Rice Diseases Using Image Processing
Techniques”.
[6]Prabira Kumar Sethy, Nalini Kanta Barpanda, Amiya
Kumar Rathb ,Santi Kumari Behera(2020)Elsevier,”Image
Processing Techniques for Diagnosing Rice Plant Disease”.

FARMBOT FOR ONE-STOP MULTIFUNCTIONAL FARMING SOLUTION

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