--Fems History

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
SPANISH ERA

Spanish Colonization
(1521 - 1898)

Ferdinand Magellan arrived in
the Philippines in 1521.
Magellan landed on the island
of Cebu, claiming the lands for
Spain and naming them Islas de
San Lazaro.
He set up friendly relations
with some of the local
chieftains and converted
some of them to Roman
Catholicism.

Magellan's Cross is a Christian cross planted
by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as
ordered by Ferdinand Magellan upon
arriving in Cebu in the Philippines on April
14, 1521.
A sign below the cross describes the original
cross is encased inside the wooden cross that
is found in the center of the chapel. This is to
protect the original cross from people who
chipped away parts of the cross for souvenir
purposes or in the belief that the cross
possesses miraculous powers. Some people,
however, believe that the original cross had
been destroyed or had disappeared after
Magellan's death.

Lapu-Lapu was a ruler of Mactan,
who is known as the first native of
the archipelago to have resisted
the Spanish colonization.
On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-
Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a battle
against Portuguese explorer and
conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led
a force of forty-nine Spanish soldiers and
6000 native warriors from Cebu. During
the battle Magellan and several of his
men were killed.

Magellan introduced
Christianity in Cebu

The Residencia
This was a special judicial court that
investigates the performance of a governor
general who was about to be replaced. The
residencia, of which the incoming governor
general was usually a member, submitted a
report of its findings to the King.
The Visita
The Council of the Indies in Spain
sent a government official called the
Vistador General to observe
conditions in the colony. The
Visitador General reported his
findings directly to the King.

The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when
Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip
II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal Spanish
subjects. These men had helped conquer the Philippines.
The encomienda was not actually a land grant but was a
favor from the kind under which the Spaniard receiving his
favor was given the right to collect tributes–or taxes–from the
inhabitants of the area assigned to him. The man who
received this favor was called an encomendero. The
encomienda was, therefore, a public office

TRIBUTE
In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed that
Indians who had been pacified
should contribute a “moderate amount” in
recognition of their vassalage.

The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except
Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the
"Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government
monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to
Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days
at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000
pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.

Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588 was a plot against
Spanish colonial rule by the Tagalog
and Kapampangan noblemen, or datus, of Manila and
some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga, in
the Philippines. It was led by Agustín de Legazpi,
grandson of conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.

The Tamblot Uprising of 1621, also known as the Tamblot
Revolution or Tamblot Revolt, was led by Tamblot,
a babaylan or native priest from the island of Bohol in the
Philippines. It was basically a religious conflict.Tamblot
exhorted his people to return to the faith of their forefathers
and free themselves from Spanish oppression.

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763)
was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to
overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish
an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by
grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by
his belief in self-government, that the administration and
leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the
Ilocos be invested in trained Ilocano officials.

The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Peace
of Paris and the Treaty of 1763, was signed on
10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great
Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in
agreement, after Britain's victory over France
and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in the
late 16th century during the era of Spanish
colonization when the Augustinians brought cigar
tobacco seeds to the colony for cultivation. In
1686, William Dampier visited Mindanao and
observed that smoking was a widespread custom.
It had also become an article of foreign trade with
the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice, bee
s wax and tobacco from the Spanish colony.

The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is very
important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for foreign
traders to do business with many countries. Philippines was one of
those who benefited from its operation, not only in terms of
business (economy), but also about way of life. Contact with
westerners who came to trade with Philippines brought-in new
ideas, knowledge/education, and other things.

Three martyr priests are publicly garroted as
alleged leaders of the Cavite Conspiracy, a
movement for secularization and nationalism,
which is distasteful to the Spanish friars. They
are Jose Burgos (born Feb 9, 1837), Mariano
Gomez (born Aug 2, 1799) and Jacinto
Zamora (born Aug 14, 1835).

THE RISE OF
FILIPINO
NATIONALIS
M

The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural
organization formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had settled in
Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students
attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase
Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines. Its
prominent members included Jose Rizal, author of Noli Me
Tangere (novel) and El Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena,
publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement's principal
organ, Mariano Ponce, the organization's secretary and Marcelo
H. del Pilar.

Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:
1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the
2.Spanish parliament;
3.Secularization of the clergy;
4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school system
independent of the friars;
6.Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local
products to the government).
7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of association.
8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government
service;
9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;
10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human rights

Graciano López Jaena (December 18, 1856-January 20, 1896) was a
journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero from Iloilo,
the Philippines, who is well known for his newspaper, La
Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López Jaena, along with Marcelo
H. del Pilar and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists.
Of these three ilustrados, López Jaena was the first to arrive
in Spain and may have founded the genesis of the Propaganda
Movement.

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda(June 19, 1861 – December 30,
1896), was a Filipino nationalist, writer and reformist. He is widely considered
the greatest national hero of the Philippines. He was the author ofNoli Me
Tangere, El Filibusterismo and a number of poems and essays. He was executed
on December 30, 1896.

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850
– July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel,
was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was
the second and last editor of the La
Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform
Movement in Spain.

La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive
organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.
.

The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-
Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain
independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by
Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others
on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished
to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its
discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

RIZAL WAS EXILED
AT DAPITAN.
THEN WENT TO CUBA
AND RETURNED AT
MANILA.

The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco
proclaims a state of war in the 8 provinces that
took up arms. The provinces are Manila,
Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan,
Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.

The Spaniards executed Jose
Rizal in Bagumbayan (today's
Rizal Park).

The Katipunan court finds
the Bonifacios guilty. They
are sentenced to death.

The Malolos Congress or formally known as
the "National Assembly" of representatives
was the constituent assembly of the First
Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain
Church in Malolos City, Bulacan. It drafted
the Malolos Constitution.

The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 sta.1754, was an agreement made in
1898 that resulted in Spain surrendering
control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guam,
and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines
involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the United States. The
treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-
American War. It came into effect on April 11, 1899, when
the ratifications were exchanged.

SUBMITTED BY:
CHELSEA BASACA
SUBMITTED TO:
MADAM MARY ANN INOC

--Fems History

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