filtration
- 1. BY: SONU SHARMA SUBJECT: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING ADMSN NUMBER:19SMAS1020079 SEMESTER:3RD
- 2. • FILTRATION • TYPES OF FILTER • META FILTER • MEMBRANE FILTER • CARTIDGE FILTER
- 3. • Filtration is the process, whereby solid particles are separated from the liquid or gas by passing it through a porous medium which retains the solid but allows the fluid to pass. Slurry: It is a suspension to be filtered. Filter medium: It is a porous medium used to retain the solids Filter cake: The solids which are present on the filter Filtrate: Clear liquid passing through the filter.
- 4. • Various filtering devices used in pharmaceutical industry are: 1. Filter press 2. Meta filters 3. Filter leaf 4. Membrane filters 5. Filter candles 6. Sintered filters
- 6. • Construction: It consist of a grooved, drainage rod on which are packed a number of metallic rings. These rings are usually for stainless steel and have 0.8 mm thickness, 15 mm inside diameter and 22 mm outer diameter. These rings have a number of semicircular projections on one surface and when they are packed on the rod, the opening between the rings is about 0.2 mm.
- 7. PRINCIPLE Mechanism is surface filtration. In this, metal rings contain semicircular projections, which are arranged as a nest to form channels on the edges. This channel offers resistance (strainer) to the flow of solids (coarse particles). The clear liquid is collected into receiver from the top.
- 8. • Working: The entire assembly is placed inside a pressure vessel, containing the liquid to be filtered. When vacuum is applied, liquid will flow from outside to inside. In this form a metafilter can only be used as strainer for coarse particles. But for separation of finer particles, a bed of suitable materials such as Kieselguhr is used. In this way the pack of rings acts as a base on which the true filter medium is supported. • Uses: The meta filter are mostly used for clarification of syrups, elixirs and parenteral solutions.
- 9. 2014/05/27 Faculty of Pharmacy, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, Tobruk, Libya.
- 10. • Construction: Membrane filters are made of thin and flat membranes of cellulose derivatives, such as, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate. These filters are brittle when in dry condition and can be stored for an indefinite period. The filters are between 50 and 150 thick and are available in sizes upto 60 cm2.
- 11. • Working: A membrane filter has 400 to 500 million pores per square centimetre of filter surface. The pores are absolutely uniform in size and occupy about 80% of filter volume. To avoid rapid clogging of a membrane, pre-filtration is often required. The selection of a membrane filter for a particular application depends on the particles to be removed. • Uses: These filters are mainly used for sterilization of both aqueous and oily liquids. The membrane filters cannot be used for filtration of organic solvents, such as alcohols, ketones, esters and chloroform.
- 12. Principle: It is a thin porous membrane in which pre filter and membrane filter are combined in a single unit. The filtration action is mainly sieve like and particles are retained on the surface.
- 13. Construction: It has cylindrical configuration made with disposable or changeable filter media. Made up of either plastic or metal. Consist of two membrane filters (sieve like) made of polypropylene: pre filter and actual filter for filtration. A protective layer surrounds them. The cartridge are housed in a holder and a number of cartridges can be placed in a same housing. The housing is closed with the lid. Housing has provisions for slurry inlet and outlets.
- 14. DIAGRAM
- 15. Working Slurry is pumped into cartridge holder It passes through cartridge filter unit by straining The clear liquid passes through the centre Moves up to collect through outlet
- 16. Particularly useful for preparation of particulate free solutions for parenterals and ophthalmic uses. This filter holder will process 1000 – 15000 litres of sterile solution per hour.