FINAL intro tenses[1].ppt
- 2. Simple Present Tense is used: • When you are referring to habitual actions-- actions that you always or never do • When you are referring to unchanging truths • When you are making general statements of fact
- 3. Examples • (habit) He always comes late to class. • (unchanging truth) The sun rises in the east. • (general statement of fact) They are friendly.
- 4. Indicators Always Whenever Everyday Usually Often Frequently Sometimes never Rarely Occasionally
- 5. Form I study You study S/he/it studies We study They study I wait You wait s/he/it waits we wait they wait
- 6. The Simple Past Tense is Used: • When an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past--in other words, when an activity or situation is completed in the past • To refer to past habits
- 7. Examples • (Completed action in the past) He was late to class yesterday. • (Completed action in the past) We arrived three weeks ago. • (Past habit) She always wrote a letter to her mother on Sunday night.
- 8. Indicators Last night, week, year, month, Saturday, semester, etc. Yesterday ago
- 9. Form I studied You studied S/he/it studied We studied They studied I waited You waited S/he/it waited We waited They waited
- 10. The Present Perfect is Used: • When an activity happened at an unspecified time in the past (before the present) • When an activity has been repeated several times before now • When an activity was very recently completed before now • When an activity is not completed in the past
- 11. Examples • (unspecified time before now) They have already seen that movie. • (repeated activity before now) We have visited New York City many times. • (an action has recently been completed before now) I have just eaten. • (action not completed in the past) I have studied Spanish for many years.
- 12. Indicators Before Ever Never So far Already Yet Just since Recently For
- 13. Form 1 have or has + past participle I have studied . . . You have studied . . . S/he/it has studied . . We have studied . . . I have seen . . . You have seen . . . S/he/it has seen . . . We have seen . . . They have studied . . . They have seen . . .
- 14. Form 2 I've walked . . . You've walked . . . S/he/it's walked . . . We've walked . . . They've walked . . . I've grown . . . You've grown . . . S/he/it's grown . . . We've grown . . . They've grown . . .
- 15. The Present Continuous Tense is Used: • When an activity is in progress now at the moment of speaking • When an activity began before now and continues into the future without stopping. • When an activity is temporary. • When an activity is developing and changing.
- 16. Examples • I’m explaining something to the class right now. • He’s taking 16 credits this semester. • She is understanding English more and more because she moved into the dorm.
- 17. Indicators Right now, at this Still moment This year, week, month, etc. As we speak
- 18. Form I am studying You are studying S/he/it is studying We are studying They are studying I'm studying You're studying S/he/it's studying We're studying They're studying
- 19. The Future Tense is Used: • To indicate that an activity or event will take place at a time in the future
- 20. Examples • When I’m retired, I’m going to travel. • Next week, we will work on punctuation. • He is going to get his car fixed tomorrow. • Our plane departs at noon next Friday.
- 21. Indicators Tomorrow Next Saturday, week, month, year, etc.
- 22. Form 1 I will stay You will stay S/he/it will stay We will stay They will stay I'll stay You'll stay S/he/it'll stay We'll stay They'll stay
- 23. Form 2 I am going to stay I'm going to stay You are going to stay You're going to stay S/he/it is going to stay S/he/it's going to stay We are going to stay They are going to stay We're going to stay They're going to stay
- 24. Form 3 Sometimes the simple present tense or the present progressive tense are used to express a future meaning. Usually these tenses are used when scheduled events are being discussed. I arrive You arrive S/he/it arrives We arrive They arrive I am arriving You are arriving S/he/it is arriving We are arriving They are arriving
- 25. Past Perfect • This tense is not used a lot. It can often be used interchangeably with the simple past because these tenses do not differ much in meaning. The past perfect tense refers to activities that happened before a specific time in the past. • Example, He had visited her many times before she died. • Form: had + past participle
- 26. Past Continuous • This tense is used to refer to activities continuously in progress around a time in the past. • Example: They were eating when the taxi arrived. • Form: was or were + verbing
- 27. Past Perfect Continuous • This tense is used when an activity was continuously in progress before a specific time in the past. • Example: I had been thinking about her before she called. • Form: had + been + verbing
- 28. Present Perfect Continuous • This tense is used to describe actions that have been continuously in progress before now. These actions are not completed. • Example: I have been waiting here for the last two hours. • Form:have or has + been + verbing
- 29. Future Perfect • The future perfect expresses the idea that an activity will occur before some future time. • Example: She will have finished dinner before the game starts. • Form: will + have + past participle
- 30. Future Continuous Tense • This tense is used to refer to activities that will be continuously in progress around some future time. • Example: We will be flying over New York at noon tomorrow. • Form: will + be + verbing
- 31. Future Perfect Continuous • This tense is used to refer to activities that will be continuously in progress before a future time. • Example: He will have been working for 3 hours before you arrive. • Form: will + have + been + verbing