final Perception.ppt
- 4. Perception
- 5. DEFINITION A process by which individuals select, organize and interpret their sensory impression in order to give meaning to their environment.
- 6. Receive and make sense Filter
- 8. Chapter 6 Perception and Attribution 1. Sensation – An individual’s ability to detect stimuli in the immediate environment. 2. Selection – The process a person uses to eliminate some of the stimuli that have been sensed and to retain others for further processing. 3. Organization – The process of placing selected perceptual stimuli into a framework for “storage.” 4. Translation – The stage of the perceptual process at which stimuli are interpreted and given meaning.
- 9. Chapter 6 Perception and Attribution Perceptions - Creating Our World Stimuli See Hear Feel Conscious / unconscious mind Beliefs Knowledge Habit Taught FILTERS
- 10. Chapter 6 Perception and Attribution Attractive or Ugly Woman? An Ambiguous Figure — a duck or a rabbit An Ambiguous Figure — a kneeling woman or a man’s face
- 11. Chapter 6 Perception and Attribution
- 12. Social perception is directly concerned with how one individual perceives other individuals : how we get to
- 13. Employee’s perception is thought of as “filter” Perception is largely learned and no one has same learning experience Every employee has unique filter
- 14. Learning Principle (tend to perceive what they want )
- 15. Principle of Similarity Principle of Proximity (tendency to perceive stimulai which are near one another as belonging together) The Principle of Closure
- 16. Selective Perception People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, background, experience and attitude. 16
- 18. Figure-Ground Perception In most visual scenes, we pick out objects and figures, standing out against a background. Some art muddles this ability by giving us two equal choices about what is figure and what is “ground”:
- 19. Culture Gender Age Education Language Political Viewpoint Socio-economic
- 20. Halo Effect When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability or appearance. 20
- 21. Projection Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people. e.g. If you want challenge and responsibility, you assume …... Or, you are honest and trustworthy , …… 21
- 22. Stereotyping Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs. Common Stereotypes may be based on- Nationality Occupation Age Physical Attributes Education Social Status Gender 22
- 23. Attribution: Individual assigns causes to the behaviour
- 24. Attribution Theory: Fritz Heider and H. H. Kelly Observe behaviour and then attribute causes Behaviour is caused internally ( by forces within the person e.g., ability) or externally ( by the forces in the person’s environment; e.g., task)
- 25. 25 FACTORS OF THE ATTRIBUTION THEORY Distinctiveness Consensus Consistency
- 26. Distinctiveness It is the degree to which a person behaves similarly in different situations 26
- 27. Consensus If everyone who is faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows consensus. e.g. If all the employees who took the same route to work were also late. 27
- 28. Consistency Finally, an observer looks for consistency in a person’s actions. Does the person respond the same way over time ? 28
- 29. The Attribution Process Rules of Attribution
- 30. Perception and OB Helps understand the difference between perceived world and real world Plays decisive role in employee hiring Key role in performance appraisal Helps determine loyalty of employees Treating employees under Theory Y Key role in impression management