Guadalupe Victoria was the first president of Mexico after fighting for independence from Spain. He abolished slavery and served as president from 1824 to 1829. Porfirio Díaz dominated Mexican politics as a dictator from 1876 to 1911, except 1880-1884, developing the "no reelection" rule. He maintained control through the slogan "bread or beating." Vincente Guerrero briefly assumed the presidency in 1829 after fighting for independence but was later executed for bribery.