Architectural Design
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This document provides an overview of various architectural styles throughout history. It begins with Ancient Greek architecture between 700 BC to 1st century CE, characterized by orders of columns. It then discusses Roman architecture which adopted Greek styles and introduced arches, vaults and domes. Gothic architecture in France from the 12th century is described as using rounded arches, domes and vaulted ceilings. Renaissance architecture originated in Italy but spread to France, influenced by Baroque and Rococo styles. Egyptian architecture utilized mud bricks and stone with massive structures and hieroglyphic carvings. Chinese architecture emphasized balance and symmetry with pagodas. Georgian architecture in Britain was inspired by classical Greece and Rome. Baroque architecture featured elaborate detailing. Queen Anne
Architectural Design
- 2. Project Report of ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Submitted to Dezyne E’cole College By Ms. Khushboo Mathur Towards the completion of 1 year of program of MS.c. I.D. DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE
- 3. Tel: +91 9829024839 The project of Ms. Khushboo Mathur has been checked and every aspect of design developed was seen and the overall grade is _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Place: _______________________________Sign:_______________________________ 106/10, civil lines, Ajmer-305001, DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE Date: _______________________________ Name:______________________________
- 4. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Architectural design project has been compiled seeing the growing need of the commercial design field in India. I thank Dezyne E’cole for giving me the opportunity to do this project and help me to consider on various aspects of Architectural design. I thank Mrs. Vinita Mathur for guiding me on the various design parameters. With due regards
- 5. INTRODUCTION: • Architecture produced by Greek speaking (Hellenic) people. • Area: flourished on Greek Mainland and Peloponnesus, Aegean Islands, Colonies of Asia Minor and Italy • Time Period: from 700 B.C. until 1st century C.E. CHARACTERISTICS: • Highly formalized characteristics, both structure and decoration • Ancient Greek architecture is divided into three main architectural style catagories: 1. Doric order 2. Ionic order 3. Corinthian order • Known best from its Temples. • Construction of Open Air Theatre • Colonnades encircled building acted as a shelter from extremes of climate and sun. • Roof and fired tiles replaced thatched roof and use of Chinese Roof in the end. • Stone walls are used EXAMPLES: • Acropolis of Athens • Epidaurus • Theodorus at Delphi • The Stoa of Attalus GREEK ARCHITECTURE ORDERS OF COLUMNS USED BY GREEKS
- 6. The Stoa of Attalus Theodorus at Delphi ANCIENT AMPHITHEATRE TYPES OF PILASTERS USED IN TEMPLES PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 7. INTRODUCTION: • Adopted Greek exterior architectural style for their own purposes. • Emerged after the death of Alexander and downfall of Greek empire. • Absorbed Greek and Phoenician influence in architecture • Use of Vaults and Arches; concrete and bricks; domes; vaulted ceilings; • Public buildings made to impress as well as perform public function • Formation of multi- storey apartments called Insulae, each having their own private garden and a terrace. • Tile covered concrete was main building material; attractive stucco or thin panels of marble or other colored stones called revetment were used. • Use of lime mortar concrete, sand with stone rubble, Pozzolana, water and stones. • Use of mosaic and murals were done in Roman time period • Bath of Diocletian • Aqueducts of Rome • Pantheon • Antonine wall • Ostia antica • Pompeii ROMAN ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTICS: EXAMPLES:
- 8. PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES Bath of DiocletianAqueducts of Rome DOME
- 9. INTRODUCTION: • Originated in Northern France • During mid 12th century • Flourished during rule of wealthy Romans CHARACTERISTICS: • Gothic architecture of France is characterized by 1. Round arches 2. Domes 3. Tunnel vaults 4. Flamboyant gothic architecture creating interesting synthesis of style 5. By 15th century, Flamboyant and Radiant gothic architecture prevailed with its intricate wavy patterns engraved on stone work resembled flames 6. EXAMPLES: • Palace of Versailles • The Basillica in St. Denis • Cathedral at Chartres • St. Chapelle in Paris • Strasbourg Cathedral GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE Rosette flower window of gothic time
- 10. St Chapelle Paris PALACE OF VERSAILLES STRASBOURG CATHEDRAL Stained glass window PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 11. • Renaissance architecture originated in Florence, Italy but flourished in France and Germany too. • Renaissance architecture entered France by end of 15th century • Renaissance architecture in France can be divided into two historical periods: 1. Early Renaissance – characterized by round arches, domes, tunnel vaults blended with flamboyant gothic architecture creating interesting synthesis of style 2. Mannerism – began in 1530’s It is the later phase of renaissance Influences of Baroque and Rococo styles entered in renaissance It is transition period of renaissance from High Renaissance to Late Renaissance or Baroque More detailed and inlay work with richness in architecture through elaborative details. EXAMPLES: • Chateaux De Blois • Sistine Chapel • St. Peter’s basillica RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE INTRODUCTION: CHARACTERISTICS:
- 12. SISTINE CHAPEL, VATICAN CITY PERSPECTIVE DRAWING AND PAINTINGS PERSPECTIVE DRAWIN G PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 13. • Egyptian Architecture dates back to the ancient Nile Valley civilization in Africa near most fertile area of River Nile. • Main building materials were sun – baked mud bricks and stones, mainly limestone, also sand stone and granite • Massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with few openings • All monuments are post and lintel construction • Flat roofs constructed of huge stones and piers • Closely spaced columns • Exterior and interior walls, columns and piers were covered with hieroglyphic inscriptions and carvings painted in brilliant colors • Main motifs were scarab, sacred beetle, papyrus leaves, solar disk, buds, lotus flower, etc.. • Pyramids if Giza • Karnak temple EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE HIEROGLYPHIC AND PICTORIAL CARVINGS :INTRODUCTION: CHARACTERISTICS: EXAMPLES:
- 14. CHARACTERISTICS: KARNAK TEMPLE, LUXOR, EGYPT PYRAMID OF GIZA RAM HEADED PROTECTOR OF KARNAK TEMPLE SPHINX PROTECTOR OF PYRAMIDS OF GIZA PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES KARNAK TEMPLE, LUXOR, EGYPT
- 15. INTRODUCTION: • Flourished during the different dynasties of China in history like Yung- ning- ssu, Sung, Tang, Qing dynasties and various other Chinese Kingdom CHARACTERISTICS: • The use of principles of balance and symmetry are mainly emphasized, main structure is followed as the main axis with the secondary structures positioned as two wings on either sides. • Temple architecture of China is their main works which are known as Pagodas, taken the form of a storied tower and as an upturned bowl. Shape of Pagoda changed with the change in dynasty and rulers 1. 2nd and 3rd century Pagodas – made of wood structure 2. 10th century Sung Dynasty – tetragonal structure 3. Tang Dynasty – octagonal and diagonal structure • Roofs – were curved as straight lines were believed to carry evil spirits. • Motifs and Objects on top of structure or on walls – dragon, lion, lotus or a combination of these. • Lacquer work is its main characteristic EXAMPLES: • Forbidden Palace • Buddhist Temple • Great Wall of China • Pagodas CHINESE ARCHITECTURE LOTUS FLOWER
- 16. CHINESE DETAILING ON CEILING WITH DRAGONS AND MOTIFS GREAT WALL OF CHINA CHINESE PAGODA HEXAGONAL CEILING FORBIDDEN CITY FORBIDDEN CITY SUNG DYNASTY IRON BUDDHIST TEMPLE PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 17. INTRODUCTION: • Was found during the Rococo and in Early Neo-classical period of history • Existed from 1700 till 1830 • Spreaded in the areas of Great Britain, Ireland, etc. CHARACTERISTICS: • Georgian style is linked with classical period of Greece and Rome and their terraces, town houses, Palladianism and country houses • The Country House estates of wealthy land owners were • dotted with copies of classical temples and other • architectural elements such as grottoes, bridges and group • of oddments called ‘Follies’. • Most terraces were four stories high with short flight • Georgian Architecture in Bath • Grand Architecture, Bath GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLES:
- 18. • GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE, LONDON GRAND ARCHITECTURE, BATH Georgian Architecture in Bath PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 19. • Classical time period of architecture ranges from 1620 to 1700. • Covered areas of European nations, Ireland, etc.. • After renaissance period in which great demand of elaboration of detail in design was demanded. • Emphasis on the fine detailing and elaborative design of the Main Entrance of the house • Plastered ceiling with fine detail and dense ornamentation • Main motifs used in the designing were of Acanthus leaves and bulging Grapes • Elaborative and dense patterning, fine and detailed work, heavy carvings and illustrations were the main features • Floors were of marble with illusionistic pattern; upper floors were having wooden boards flooring • Walls were curved; pediments were broken from the center; twisted columns and pilasters • Colored marbles used in combination with bronze and gilding • Colored glass windows; use of mullions and transom was first time done in Baroque architecture • SALA DUCALE, VATICAN • BERNINI • PALACE OF VERSAILLES • ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTICS: CHARACTERISTICS: EXAMPLES: TWISTED PILASTERS
- 20. BERNINI SALA DUCALE, VATICAN PALACE OF VERSAILLES Hall of Mirrors-Versailles ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL Elaboration and heavy detailing on baroque ceiling PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 21. • Style popularized by a group of English architects in 19th century • Time period ranges from 1800 to 1900 • At this time, the queen had given freedom to the craftsman to develop their own skllls and expertise. • More stress was laid on comfort and richness in detailing • Use of bold and unconventional color schemes • Decorative details were more subdued • Patterned bricks and carved stone were more used • Round towers, broad decorative gables, elaborate Queen Anne chimneys and dormer windows were some of the main features • Eclecticism, asymmetry, contrasts, buildings supported with many textures, elaborate motifs, decorative gables, spandrel panels and flat surface marked the Queen Anne style. • Main materials used were shingles, stucco, terracotta panels, etc.. • Roof was pitched ad complex with a variety of gables, dormers, etc.; towers were square, round or polygonal QUEEN ANNE ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTICS: INTRODUCTION: EXAMPLES: 1. Free Classic Queen Anne 2. Queen Anne Victorian architecture in Eureka, California
- 22. County Hall (1898), Wood Street, WakefieldQueen Anne Victorian architecture in Eureka, California Villa Montezuma, c. 1887 Free Classic Queen Anne DECORATIVE TERRACOTA PANELS PILLARS OF QUEEN ANNE PERIOD PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
- 23. • Is the architecture of 21st Century till the present time. • Modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of forms, subtraction of ornamentation and theme of building • Some of known important architects are Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, Le Corbusier,etc.. • Form follows function • Simplicity, clarity of forms, elimination of unnecessary detail • Visual expression of structure • Textures should not be overpowering • Use of industrially produced materials, machine aesthetics adopted • Visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines • RONCHAMP BY LE CORBUSIER • Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House Under Water, ETC.. MODERN ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION: CHARACTERISTICS: EXAMPLES:
- 24. RONCHAMP CHURCH BY LE CORBUSIER ARCHITECTURE BY LE CORBUSIER Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House Under Water VAN DER ROHE STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES