Finding Quality Doctors in the U.S

3/24/2016 Finding Quality Doctors: How Americans Evaluate Provider Quality in the United States: Research Highlights | APNORC.org
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© 2014. AP Photo/Alan Diaz
Introduction
A new survey conducted by the Associated PressNORC Center for Public Affairs
Research shows that Americans do not think that information about the quality of health
care providers is easy to come by, and they lack trust in information sources that tend to
produce such indicators. When it comes to what being a quality health care provider
means, there is a disconnect between how experts and consumers define it. Most
Americans focus on the doctorpatient relationship and interactions in the doctor’s office,
with fewer thinking about the effectiveness of treatments or their own health outcomes.
Further, individuals report that they value provider quality over cost and are willing to pay
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more for higherquality doctors, but when asked directly in the survey, few report having
done so. The nationally representative survey, conducted with funding from The Robert
Wood Johnson Foundation, also shows that those without insurance face more
challenges in finding provider quality and cost information.
The United States spends at least two and a half times more on health care than most
developed countries across the globe. At the same time, the country lags behind a
number of developed nations on several health metrics.1 Further, a recent
government report shows that 30 percent of recommended health care in the United
States is not received, with great disparities in quality for minorities and people in
poverty, and with dramatic variations by region. As a result, the quality of health care in
America has been rated as only fair.2 The government report also notes that measuring
quality is important to improving the quality of patient care, but
defining it is a difficult task, as provider quality measures are not collected in a national
standardized database.
One component of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the federal government’s emphasis
on collecting more health care quality data and making it transparent and accessible to
the public. Major investments are being made in health care systems like Accountable
Care Organizations and in tools like Physician Compare. Similarly, health insurers and
employers are exploring new benefits designs that incentivize consumers to select
providers and hospitals that provide the highestquality care while reducing costs
through valuebased provider networks and tiered health plans.
These changes and the integration of provider quality information assume that health
care consumers can understand health care quality and are able and willing to access
such data and apply it to their health care decision making. This new survey provides
important data on this assumption and reveals the types of provider quality information
consumers would use and trust.
The APNORC Center conducted a survey of American adults to better understand their
perceptions of health care provider quality, what they think provider quality means, how
accessible such quality information is, how much they trust that information, and the
connection between provider quality and cost. The study produces new and actionable
data during a crucial period of the Affordable Care Act’s implementation. Interviews were
conducted with 1,002 adults age 18 and over.
Key findings from the study include:
When it comes to defining provider quality, most Americans tend to focus on
certain aspects of quality relating to doctorpatient interactions and doctors’
personality traits, rather than the effectiveness of the care provided or the
patient’s own health outcomes.
Consumers agree with health policy experts in principle that public reporting
requirements for doctors would improve health care quality. Overwhelming
majorities say requiring doctors to report the effectiveness of their treatments
and patient satisfaction with care would improve the quality of care provided in
the United States.
Yet, this survey shows that less than a quarter of consumers are receiving
provider quality information. Most people are not very confident they could find
provider quality information they can trust on their own, including direct
comparisons of physicians.
Americans report that they would trust wordofmouth and personal
recommendations from doctors far more than provider quality data coming from
the government or third parties.
Getting information on the cost of provider care is even more challenging for
Americans than finding information about provider quality. A third of Americans
say it is easy to find information they trust related to the costs of provider care.
Fewer say it’s easy to find data that compares a provider’s costs and quality.
About half of Americans believe that higher quality health care generally comes
at a higher cost, while 37 percent say there is no real relationship between
quality and cost.

Despite the fact that more Americans are now insured as a result of the ACA,
those without insurance face more challenges in finding information about
provider quality and cost; at the same time, they are more likely than the insured
to think public reporting of such information would improve the overall quality of
care doctors provide.
Additional information, including the survey’s complete topline findings and
methodology, can be found on the APNORC Center’s website at www.apnorc.org.
When asked to describe a high-quality provider, most Americans focus on the
doctor-patient relationship.
When Americans are asked to volunteer what they think is the most important factor that
makes a highquality doctor, responses vary widely but mostly focus on doctorpatient
relationships and personality (59 percent), rather than on the delivery of care or the
patient’s own health outcomes (29 percent). Most frequently, Americans say that a
quality doctor listens, is attentive, or shows interest in them (18 percent). Other top
responses focus on doctorpatient interactions and their traits, including that the doctor
has a caring attitude (8 percent), good bedside manner (8 percent), various other
positive personality traits (7 percent), and time spent with patients (5 percent). Relating
to the delivery of care or patients’ own health outcomes, 11 percent values most a
doctor’s ability to accurately diagnose and fix their health problem, and 8 percent
mention a knowledgeable doctor.
Question: Thinking about doctors or other health care providers generally, what do you
think is the most important factor that makes a high quality doctor or other health care
provider?
When asked to name the most important factor that makes a poorquality doctor,
Americans’ answers closely mirror what they cite as most important in making a high
quality doctor. They describe poorquality doctors as those who do not listen or are
inattentive (17 percent), do not spend enough time with patients (10 percent), and are
overbooked or difficult to make appointments with (9 percent). Doctors with bad
personality traits (6 percent), poor bedside manner (5 percent), and those who are
uncaring (5 percent) are also frequently mentioned as poorquality. Nine percent
mention a response related to health outcomes—that a poorquality doctor is one who
misdiagnoses or fails to fix their health problems.

Question: Thinking about doctors or other health care providers, what do you think is the
most important factor that makes a poorquality doctor or other health care provider?
Americans must weigh a variety of factors when choosing a health care provider, and
some factors influence their decisions more than others. Although a doctor’s bedside
manner is the most common topofmind consideration when thinking about provider
quality, when Americans are asked to rate the importance of a list of considerations for
choosing a doctor, they rank the quality of care they can expect to receive highly. Eight
in 10 say that a doctor’s experience with a specific medical procedure, treatment, or
surgery is an extremely or very important factor in their choice. Seventyseven percent
say that board certification—that is, a doctor with additional training and testing in his or
her area of specialty—is important. Seven in 10 weigh heavily whether a doctor has had
any disciplinary actions or malpractice suits taken against him or her, and also whether
the treatments a doctor uses are considered by experts to be effective. Less than half
(48 percent), however, say that attending a wellknown medical school or training
program is important to their choice.
When it comes to decisions about health care providers, Americans also indicate that
they want direct experience with a doctor and they want to be treated well during their
visit. Eightyone percent say that their impression of a doctor after a facetoface
meeting with him or her is extremely or very important to their choice. Eight in 10 say the
same about how much time a doctor spends with each patient. More than
threequarters emphasize a helpful office staff and how long they have to wait to get an
appointment. Fewer, but still a majority, say the length of time in the waiting room (62
percent) and the convenience of the doctor’s location (50 percent) are important factors
in their choice of providers. More women than men say that a helpful office staff (91
percent vs. 61 percent) is important in their choice.
Americans do not seem to put much stock in overall rating systems of doctors or other
care providers. Very few Americans say that high ratings on patient websites like
HealthGrades.com, Yelp, or Angie’s List (26 percent) or being rated “the best” by a local
newspaper or magazine (15 percent) are extremely or very important to their decision
making process. In fact, nearly half (46 percent) say that each of these ratings systems
is not too important or not important at all. Americans appear more interested in specific
aspects of doctor or provider care. Twothirds say that patients’ ratings of provider
communication are an important factor.
In the aggregate, Americans continue to express that, while they are concerned about
costs, quality is a more important factor in their choice of doctor. Nearly 7 in 10 say that
whether a health care provider provides the highestquality care at the lowest possible
cost is an important factor in their choice of health care provider. When asked just about
costs, that number drops considerably, with less than half (46 percent) of Americans

saying that whether a provider charges more than others do is an important factor in
their choice.
While overall value and comparative costs may not be a factor in choosing a provider,
insured Americans do think about their insurance coverage. Among Americans currently
covered by a health plan, 88 percent say that whether or not a provider accepts their
insurance is an extremely or very important factor in their choice of doctor. This was the
highest of any of the factors asked.
Question: When choosing a doctor or other health care provider, please tell me how
important each of the following factors are to your choice.
Majorities think several public reporting requirements would improve the quality
of care provided; fewer think reporting costs would improve quality.
Consumers generally agree with health policy experts that requiring health care
providers to publicly report patient satisfaction and health outcomes would improve
health care quality.3 Nearly 8 in 10 Americans say that if doctors or other health care
providers were required to publicly report information about how satisfied their patients
are with the care they receive—or information about the effectiveness of
the treatments or procedures they provide—the quality of care provided would improve.
Seven in 10 say that if doctors were required to report the health outcomes of their
patients, it would lead to improvements in the quality of care. Fewer, but still a majority
(57 percent), think requirements for doctors to report how much they charge for services
would improve the quality of care.

Question: If doctors or other health care providers are required to publicly report
information about [ITEM], do you think it will lead to improvements in the quality of care
they provide, or not?
The percentage of Americans who say that requiring doctors to publicly report various
types of information would improve the quality of care they receive varies by age.
Seniors, who are mostly covered by Medicare, hold distinct opinions when
compared to adults age 18 to 64. Adults age 65 and older are less likely to think each of
the public reporting requirements tested in the survey would improve the quality of
health care.
Question: If doctors or other health care providers are required to publicly report
information about [ITEM], do you think it will lead to improvements in the quality of care
they provide, or not? IF YES: Do you think it will lead to a lot of improvement in the
quality of care they provide or just a little improvement?
Americans who rate their overall health as somewhat or very good are more likely than
those who rate their overall health poorly to say that if doctors or other health care
providers are required to publicly report information about how much they charge for
services, it will lead to a lot of improvement in the quality of care they provide (59

percent vs. 45 percent).
In addition, there are notable differences between the insured and uninsured over the
degree to which public reporting of costs and outcomes will improve quality. Fortythree
percent of the uninsured say a requirement to report cost information would improve
care a lot, compared with 29 percent of those with insurance. On the potential
requirement to report health outcomes, 53 percent of the uninsured think this would
improve quality a lot, compared to 39 percent of insured
people.
In the current health care landscape, nding trustworthy information about
provider quality is a challenge for most Americans.
Americans say it is a challenge to find information about provider quality and other
information they might use when making decisions about doctors. Further, it is easier to
find information about certain aspects of the care provided by doctors than other
aspects. Fewer than half of Americans (48 percent) report that it is easy to find
information they can trust about the quality of care provided by different doctors in their
local areas, a quarter say it is difficult, and 22 percent say it is
neither easy nor difficult to find such quality information.
General opinions about the quality of health care one receives relates to perceptions of
how easy it is to find trustworthy quality information. A slim majority of Americans who
rate the health care they receive as very or somewhat good (51 percent) say quality
information about providers is easy to find, compared to 36 percent of those rating the
health care they receive neutrally or poorly.
Questions: How easy or difficult is it to find information that you can trust about the…
quality of health care provided by different doctors or other health care providers in your
area?
Americans are more con dent in their ability to nd quality information to help
them choose providers than they are about nding speci c provider quali cations.
Americans are more confident they can find general quality information about doctors
than specific provider information like training or their costs. Fewer than half of
Americans report that they are extremely or very confident that they could find quality
information to help them choose a specialist, a gynecologist or obstetrician (women
only), a primary care doctor, a dentist, or a mental health provider.
Fortyseven percent report they are extremely or very confident they could find
information to help them pick a specialist, 45 percent are confident they could find
information about a gynecologist or obstetrician, 44 percent about a primary care doctor,
and 43 percent about a dentist. Americans are least likely to say they are confident that
they could find quality information about mental health providers like psychologists or
social workers (31 percent).

Question: Suppose you needed to see a [ITEM]. How confident are you that you could
find health care quality information that would help you choose a [ITEM]?
Uninsured Americans are less confident in their ability to find quality information for
some types of providers than the insured. Compared with the insured, more than twice
as many Americans without coverage say that they are not too confident or not at all
confident in finding information to help choose a primary care doctor (35 percent vs. 16
percent) or a specialist (37 percent vs. 17 percent).
Overall, Americans are less confident in their ability to find specific information about
doctors and other health care providers. Nearly half (49 percent) are not too confident or
not at all confident that they could get information about the number of disciplinary
actions taken against a doctor or other health care provider if they needed it, 19 percent
are extremely or very confident, and 26 percent are moderately confident. Fortyfour
percent lack confidence that they can find information about the amount that different
doctors or other health care providers in their area would charge for particular
treatments or procedures. Four in 10 say they are not confident they could find direct
comparisons of the quality of care from providers in their area. Americans are more
confident, however, that they could find information about providers’ training,
certification, and experience—39 percent say they are extremely or very confident, 36
percent are moderately confident, and 21 percent say they are not too confident or not
at all confident they could find this information.
Adults with private insurance are less likely than those who are covered by Medicare,
Medicaid, Tricare, or other public programs to say they are extremely or very confident
they could find information about costs for a particular treatment or procedure (19
percent vs. 30 percent, respectively) and information comparing provider quality (19
percent vs. 31 percent).Perceptions of the overall quality of one’s health care are also
related to confidence in finding information. Those who rate the health care they receive
positively are more confident that they could find specific provider information than those
who rate their health care neutrally or poorly.

Question: How confident are you that you could get information about [ITEM] if you
needed it?
Less than a quarter of Americans have seen information comparing doctors in the
past year - that information mostly comes from informal sources like friends or
family.
Just under a quarter of Americans (23 percent) remember seeing information that
compares different doctors in the last year. Insurance and health status relate to whether
or not an individual has seen comparative provider quality information
over the last year. Americans who have private insurance are more likely to say they
have seen quality information than those who are publicly insured (27 percent vs. 17
percent). Further, those who are currently receiving regular medical treatment or who
are making regular visits to a doctor for a chronic health problem are slightly more likely
than those who are not to say they remember seeing any comparative information (27
percent vs. 21 percent). Age is also a factor: a quarter of adults age 18 to 64 have seen
some sort of quality information comparing doctors, compared to 16 percent of seniors.
Much of the provider quality information Americans are accessing, however, does not
come from sources that might provide official data on health care delivery and
outcomes. For those who say they have seen information comparing doctors or other
health care providers in the past year, friends or family are the most common sources of
such information.
Twothirds of those who have seen or heard information comparing the quality of health
care providers say they saw or heard it from their friends or family. About half have seen
or heard comparative information in a newspaper or magazine (51 percent), directly
from a doctor or other health care provider (50 percent), or provided by a health
insurance company (46 percent).
Online sites are less frequently Americans’ sources for quality information. Four in 10
say they saw information on a ratings website such as HealthGrades.com, Yelp.com, or
Angie’s List, and fewer say they saw information online on a community or advocacy
group’s website (36 percent) or online on a government website (32 percent). Thirtysix
percent say they saw comparative quality information from other sources not tested in
the survey.

Question: Did you see or hear information from any of the following sources comparing
the quality of doctors or other health care providers during the past 12 months, or not?
When the 23 percent of those who have seen any information comparing doctors were
asked whether they actually used that quality information to make decisions about
providers, 49 percent report they did, and 50 percent did not. This results in about 11
percent of Americans seeing and using provider quality information.
Those who say they actually used the quality information they saw are most likely to
have gotten that information from friends or family (63 percent), on a ratings website (53
percent), or directly from their doctor (53 percent). The smallest proportion have seen or
heard information online on a government website (38 percent).
Those who have seen but did not use provider quality information were asked why they
did not use it in their decisionmaking process. The most common reasons for not using
it include not needing to make choices at the time (77 percent) and the information not
being specific to personal health care conditions or concerns (71 percent). Fewer than
half say the information didn’t cover the specific doctors or health care providers they
needed to know about (38 percent); factors other than quality, such as location or cost,
were more important in their decisionmaking (34 percent); or the information was
confusing or difficult to understand (19 percent).
As much as Americans struggle to nd provider quality data, information about
the cost of care is even harder to nd.
This survey shows that finding information about the costs of health care provided by
different doctors is even more difficult for consumers than finding information about
provider quality; finding both cost and quality information in the same place is an even
greater challenge. As mentioned above, about half of Americans (48 percent) report that
it is easy to find information they can trust about the quality of care provided by doctors
in their local areas. When asked the same question about information showing
providers’ costs, a third (32 percent) report that it is easy, while nearly 4 in 10 (38
percent) say it is difficult, and about a quarter (24 percent) say it is neither easy nor

difficult. Finding trustworthy sources that compare the cost and quality of care together
is even more challenging, with 44 percent reporting it is difficult, 22 percent saying it is
neither easy nor difficult, and 26 percent saying it
is easy.
Questions: How easy or difficult is it to find information that you can trust about the…
cost of health care provided by different doctors or other health care providers in your
area?
Now, how easy or difficult is it to find a source of information that you can trust that
compares the cost of care and quality of care together?
Uninsured Americans face the greatest challenges in finding information they can trust
about the cost of health care provided by doctors. Roughly half (51 percent) of those
without coverage say it is moderately or very difficult to find this information, compared
to 36 percent of those who do have coverage. And within the group of insured
individuals, those with private coverage are more likely than those who are publicly
insured to say that finding cost information is difficult (39 percent vs. 27 percent,
respectively). The privately insured are also more likely than the publicly insured to say
combined cost and quality information is difficult to find.
General opinions about the quality of health care one receives relate to perceptions of
how easy it is to find trustworthy cost information. Thirtyfive percent of those who rate
the health care they receive positively say cost information is easy to come by,
compared to 19 percent of those who report neutral or poor ratings.
Further, as reported above, about a quarter of the public has seen or heard any
information comparing different doctors in the past year. Among this group, finding
combined cost and quality information is scarce: 3 in 10 say the information they saw
included information about the cost of care. This means that overall about 7 percent of
Americans have seen quality information comparing doctors that also included cost
information.
Americans lack trust in provider quality information from the government and
third parties, but trust information from friends and family and their own
providers.
With the implementation of the ACA and efforts from the federal government to provide
the public with comprehensive health quality information through sources such as
Physician Compare, it is important to know the provider quality information sources
Americans trust. Six in 10 Americans say they would very much or completely trust
quality ratings of doctors or other health care providers they receive from friends or
family members, and roughly half say they would trust quality ratings they receive from
their regular doctor or other individual health care provider.
Beyond those two sources, however, Americans overwhelmingly lack trust in quality

ratings of health care providers. Three in 10 say they trust quality ratings from patients
who are surveyed anonymously about the quality of care they received, from a
community or advocacy group that evaluates health care providers, or from groups of
doctors or other health care providers like medical societies. For sources such as an
employer or someone who deals with health benefits, health insurance plans, state
government agencies, federal government agencies, free ratings websites, paid
subscription ratings websites, and newspapers or magazines— fewer Americans say
they trust the quality information they provide than distrust it.
Question: If you saw quality ratings of doctors or other health care providers from each
source, how much would you trust the information? Would you trust this source
completely, very much, moderately, slightly, or not at all?
Women are more likely than men to say they would trust quality ratings from friends or
family members (66 percent vs. 56 percent) and patients surveyed anonymously (34
percent vs. 25 percent). In addition, there are differences between seniors and those
age 18 to 64 in their trust in provider quality sources. Adults age 65 and older are less
likely than those age 18 to 64 to trust a community or advocacy group, paid subscription
ratings websites like Angie’s List, federal government agencies, and patients who are
surveyed anonymously. Seniors are more likely than adults age 18 to 64 to trust their
regular health care provider, however.
But even trust in information from one’s own health care provider diminishes for those
who do not interact with the health care system as much. While Americans who go to a
doctor’s office for checkups less than yearly are more likely than those who go at least
once a year to say they would very much or completely trust quality ratings from patients
who are surveyed anonymously (38 percent vs. 28 percent), they are less likely to say
they would trust quality ratings from their regular doctor (30 percent vs. 51 percent).
Further, those who are currently receiving regular medical treatment for a chronic health
problem are more likely than those who are not to trust quality ratings from their regular
doctor (52 percent vs. 44 percent).
Americans who rate the quality of care they receive as somewhat or very good are more
likely than those who rate it as somewhat or very poor to say they trust ratings from their
regular health care provider (53 percent vs. 13 percent) or groups of doctors (29 percent
vs. 14 percent). Those who say they would recommend their doctor to family or friends
are also two times more likely than those who would not recommend their doctor to say
they trust quality ratings from their regular health care provider (53 percent vs. 25
percent).
Americans are divided over whether they think high-quality health care comes at
a higher cost.
When it comes to the connection between cost and quality, Americans’ perceptions vary
depending on how the question is framed. A random half of the survey sample was

asked if higherquality health care usually comes at a higher cost, or if there is no real
relationship between cost and quality. Nearly half (48 percent) say that higher quality
comes at higher costs, 37 percent say there is no real relationship, 4 percent volunteer
that it depends or neither statement applies, and 10 percent say they do not know.
The other half of the survey sample was asked an alternate question: whether lower
quality care comes at a lower cost. Fewer people recognize a relationship between
lowerquality care and lower costs. Just about 3 in 10 Americans (29 percent) think that
lowerquality care comes at a lower cost, while the most common response is that there
is no real relationship (46 percent). Eleven percent volunteer that it depends, neither
statement applies, or both statements apply; and 13 percent do not know.
Questions: When it comes to health care, does (higherquality health care usually come
at a higher cost/lowerquality health care usually come at a lower cost), or is there no
real relationship between the quality and cost of health care?
The difference in perceptions of high versus lowquality health care and the relationship
to cost can partially be attributed to insurance status and age. About 48 percent of
adults with health care coverage say higher quality comes at a higher cost, but 27
percent say lower quality comes at a lower cost. In comparison, about 42 percent of the
uninsured say higher quality comes at a higher cost, while 36 percent of these people
say lower quality comes at a lower cost. Further, more than a third of seniors (35
percent) and half of adults 18 to 64 (51 percent) say higher quality comes with higher
costs; alternatively, 20 percent of seniors and 31 percent of adults age
18 to 64 think lowerquality health care comes with lower costs.
Questions: When it comes to health care, does (higherquality health care usually come
at a higher cost/lowerquality health care usually come at a lower cost), or is there no
real relationship between the quality and cost of health care?
Americans who are publicly insured are more likely than those with private insurance to
say there is no real relationship between highquality health care and higher costs (48
percent vs. 33 percent). Opinions about the relationship between cost and quality also
differ regionally.
Adults living in the West are less likely to think higherquality care comes at a higher
cost (33 percent) than people living in the Northeast (51 percent), Midwest (51 percent),

or South (53 percent).
When weighing cost and quality, Americans say quality is more important and
they are willing to pay more for it, but few have done so in practice.
Americans say that both quality and cost are important to them when choosing health
care providers, with slightly more placing high importance on quality over cost. Sixtytwo
percent of Americans say that, given equal quality ratings between two health care
providers, outofpocket costs would be an extremely or very important factor in their
choice between the two. On the other hand, 68 percent say that, given equal outof
pocket costs between two health care providers, the providers’ quality ratings would be
an important factor in their choice.
The high level of importance Americans place on provider quality is reflected in the
finding that nearly twothirds (64 percent) are willing to pay more to see a doctor or
health care provider with higherquality ratings. But when asked whether they have
actually used a health care provider out of their network because they believed they
offered higherquality care, 3 in 10 have done so.
Demographic groups approach the tradeoffs of cost versus quality differently, with some
more willing than others to pay more for quality care. Americans age 65 or older are less
likely to rate cost as an extremely or very important factor given
equal quality ratings compared to any other age group. Additionally, women are more
likely than men to rate quality (74 percent vs. 62 percent) as important when choosing
between doctors. The uninsured, moreover, are more likely than the insured to say cost
is extremely important given equal quality (43 percent vs. 23 percent).
Lowerincome Americans focus more on costs when weighing their options of doctors or
health care providers. Americans earning less than $50,000 a year are less likely than
those earning more to say they are willing to pay more to see a doctor with a higher
quality rating (54 percent vs. 75 percent, respectively). Americans with some college
experience (68 percent) or a college degree (75 percent) are more likely than those with
a high school degree or less (52 percent) to say that they would be willing to pay more
to see a better doctor. They are also more likely to have actually used a doctor outside
of their provider network.
Questions: If two doctors or other health care providers’ quality ratings were about
equal, how important would outofpocket costs be as a factor when choosing between
them? Would outofpocket costs be not at all important, not too important, moderately
important, very important, or extremely important?
If two doctors or other health care providers’ outofpocket costs were about equal, how
important would quality ratings be as a factor when choosing between them? Would
quality ratings be not at all important, not too important, moderately important, very
important, or extremely important?

Most Americans say they receive good health care and would recommend their
own doctor.
Despite difficulties finding provider quality and cost information, Americans are positive
about the health care they receive generally and about their own providers
specifically. Consistent with other recent surveys on the topic, this survey shows that
most people say they receive good health care and would recommend their doctor to a
friend or family member. Adults’ evaluations of the health care they receive also vary
depending on factors such as their race, age, education, insurance status, and how
often they visit a doctor. About 8 in 10 Americans report receiving very good or
somewhat good care, and 76 percent say they would recommend the doctor they see
most often to a friend or family member.
Asked about the quality of care at various local health care facilities, people with
experience using that type of facility are most likely to say the care is very or somewhat
good at local doctors’ offices (88 percent), followed by retail clinics (82 percent),
hospitals (81 percent), walkin clinics (76 percent), and emergency rooms (69 percent).
The frequency with which Americans receive health care is associated with their views
about the quality of their care.
People who go to the doctor for regular checkups are more likely to rate the health care
they receive as very or somewhat good (89 percent) than are those who do not go to the
doctor for regular checkups (65 percent). Moreover, about 8 in 10 people who go for
regular checkups would recommend their doctor compared with half of those who do
not go for regular checkups.
The insured (88 percent) are far more likely than the uninsured (57 percent) to say the
health care they receive is very or somewhat good. Likewise, 8 in 10 of those who are
insured would recommend their doctor compared to 54 percent of the uninsured. These
findings remain robust even when controlling for demographic and other socioeconomic
factors.
Older Americans tend to rate the quality of care they receive more positively than do
younger Americans. More than 90 percent of adults age 60 and over say the health care
they receive is very or somewhat good, compared to about 77 percent of those age 18
39.
Question: Based on what you’ve experienced yourself, please tell me if you think the
quality of care provided at the following kinds of health care facilities in your area is
good, poor, or neither good nor poor. If you haven’t had any experiences with any of
these facilities, just tell me.

Question: In general, how would you rate the health care you receive? Would you say it
is good, poor, or neither good nor poor?
Americans’ education levels are also associated with their evaluations of health care.
Twothirds of college graduates say the health care they receive is very good, while half
of those without a college degree rate their health care as very good. Education remains
robust as a factor even when controlling for one’s insurance status in a multivariate
analysis.
Evaluations of health care quality at various local facilities vary by region, as well as by
race and ethnicity. People living in the West are less likely to rate the quality of doctor’s
offices in their area as very or somewhat good (67 percent) than people living in the
South (85 percent), Midwest (85 percent) or Northeast (89 percent). Further, blacks tend
to have more positive opinions than whites or Hispanics. For example, more blacks say
local doctor’s offices are good (89 percent) than whites (81 percent) or Hispanics (74
percent).
About the study
Study methodology
This survey, funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, was conducted by the
Associated PressNORC Center for Public Affairs Research between May 27 and June
18, 2014. Staff from NORC at the University of Chicago, The Associated Press, and The
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation collaborated on all aspects of the study.
This randomdigitdial (RDD) survey of the 50 states and the District of Columbia was
conducted via telephone with 1,002 adults age 18 and older. In households with more
than one adult age 18 or older, we used a process that randomly selected which eligible
adult would be interviewed. The sample included 595 respondents on landlines and 407
respondents on cell phones. Cell phone respondents were offered a small monetary
incentive for participating, as compensation for telephone usage charges. Interviews
were conducted in both English and Spanish, depending on respondent preference. All
interviews were completed by professional interviewers who were carefully trained on
the specific survey for this study
The RDD sample was provided by a thirdparty vendor, Marketing Systems Group. The
final response rate was 25 percent, based on the American Association of Public
Opinion Research (AAPOR) Response Rate 3 method. Sampling weights were
calculated to adjust for sample design aspects (such as unequal probabilities of
selection) and for nonresponse bias arising from differential response rates across
various demographic groups. Poststratification variables included age, sex, race, region,
education, and landline/cell phone use. The weighted data, which thus reflect the U.S.
population, were used for all analyses. The overall margin of error was +/ 4.0

percentage points, including the design effect resulting from the complex sample design.
All analyses were conducted using STATA (version 13), which allows for adjustment of
standard errors for complex sample designs. All differences reported between
subgroups of the U.S. population are at the 95 percent level of statistical significance,
meaning that there is only a 5 percent (or less) probability that the observed differences
could be attributed to chance variation in sampling. Additionally, bivariate differences
between subgroups are only reported when they also remain robust in a multivariate
model controlling for other demographic, political, and socioeconomic covariates. The
unweighted sample sizes for the main demographic groups evaluated in the report are
listed in the table below.
A comprehensive listing of all study questions, complete with tabulations of toplevel
results for each question and unweighted sample demographics, is available on the AP
NORC Center’s website: www.apnorc.org.

Contributing researchers
From NORC at the University of Chicago
Trevor Tompson
Jennifer Benz
Nicole Willcoxon
Rebecca Reimer
Emily Alvarez
Dan Malato
David Sterrett
From the Associated Press
Jennifer Agiesta
About the Associated PressNORC Center for Public Affairs Research
The APNORC Center for Public Affairs Research taps into the power of social science
research and the highestquality journalism to bring key information to people across the
nation and throughout the world.
The Associated Press (AP) is the world’s essential news organization, bringing
fast, unbiased news to all media platforms and formats.
NORC at the University of Chicago is one of the oldest and most respected,
independent research institutions in the world.
The two organizations have established the APNORC Center for Public Affairs
Research to conduct, analyze, and distribute social science research in the public
interest on newsworthy topics, and to use the power of journalism to tell the stories that
research reveals.
The founding principles of the APNORC Center include a mandate to carefully preserve
and protect the scientific integrity and objectivity of NORC and the journalistic
independence of AP. All work conducted by the Center conforms to the highest levels of
scientific integrity to prevent any real or perceived bias in the research. All of the work of
the Center is subject to review by its advisory committee to help ensure it meets these
standards. The Center will publicize the results of all studies and make all datasets and
study documentation available to scholars and the public.

The complete topline data are available at www.apnorc.org.
For more information, visit www.apnorc.org or email info@apnorc.org
© Copyright 2014. The Associated Press and NORC July 2014 17
Footnotes:
1 The Organization for Economic CoOperation and Development Statistics.
http://www.oecd.org/health/healthsystems/oecdhealthstatistics2014frequently
requesteddata.htm
2 Agency for Health Care Quality.
http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhqr13/2013nhqr.pdf
See more at: http://www.apnorc.org/projects/Pages/HTML%20Reports/findingquality
doctors.aspx#sthash.I3EdaNX4.dpuf
3 Quality was defined for respondents as: “Quality health care generally means
providing safe, effective, and timely care to achieve the best possible results.” See
more at: http://www.apnorc.org/projects/Pages/HTML%20Reports/findingquality
doctors.aspx#sthash.I3EdaNX4.dpuf
© Copyright 2014, 2015, 2016. The Associated Press and NORC | Contact Us

Finding Quality Doctors in the U.S

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