Fire Detection and Alerting System for Train Using Zigbee Communication

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 273
Fire Detection and Alerting System for Train
Using Zigbee Communication
Sanjai Kumar. T1, Ragul. R 2, Mohamed Abbas. MG 3, Dr. N.Muruganantham 4
1, 2, 3 B. Tech Students, Dept. of EEE, PMIST, Thanjavur
4 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract – One of the most dangerous accidents in the
world is a train accident. It is difficult to eliminate this
accident. But it is possible to prevent those accidents using
new innovative technologies. This paper, combines
operation of an extinguishing system and a communication
system using wireless communication. Several units are
installed in each railway compartment. Each unit consists of
a Humidity sensor, Temperature sensor, Smoke sensor,
Flame sensor and GSM module along with an ATMEGA328
microcontroller. The possible ways to extinguish the fire is
using a fire extinguisher and switching ON the water
sprinkler system. When fire is detected it will give an alert
to the nearby compartment and loco pilot Using ZIGBEE
communication. Units in other compartments receive
notification alerts so that the people may escape from the
fire accident. Additionally, the detachment of the train
compartment is carried out using ZIGBEE wireless
communication.
Key Words: TrainAccident,ZigbeeCommunication,Arduino,
Alerting System, Fire Accident, Accident Prevention
1. INTRODUCTION
One of the most serious types of accidents is a trainaccident.
It gives a risky life for both passengers and loco pilots.
Hence, it is necessary to take safety precautions in the
railway’s department. One of the recent popularaccidents in
train is fire accidents in compartments. Recently, it has been
very common news heard in the newspaper. If one
compartment in the train gets fired, then the fire will travel
to all compartments very faster. So it is necessary to take
quick action to extinguish the fire before it completely
spread. This may cause huge disasters and financial risks.
After the huge fire accident, many technologies have been
under research to extinguish the fire. In this paper, a system
is proposed with eliminating fire using Arduino and ZIGBEE
communication technologies. Using several sensors like
humidity sensors, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and
flame sensors, It is easy to detect the fire in compartment.
The reason for the fire accident may be a man-made activity
or due to electrical short-circuit. There will be fire-detecting
units in each compartment. That unit consists of Arduino
UNO, GSM Module, and four sensors and ZIGBEE module.
Humidity sensors detects the moisture level changes in the
particular compartment. The flame sensor detects the heat
and any extreme flame that occurs due to fire. A smoke
sensor detects the smoke coming from the fire. The
temperature sensor updatesthechangesinthetemperature.
Whenever these sensors detects abnormal conditions, it
automatically turns ON the fire extinguisher ball and then it
will send the SMS to a nearby compartment as well as to the
loco pilot. This system also has a detaching mechanism. This
will prevent the fire caught into the other compartments.
When sensors give high output, extinguishingwill happen. If
the fire is not quenched it will activate the sprinkler system
in the train. At the same time, the DC motor will activate to
separate the train compartment to avoidfireaccidents.Once
the fire is detected, microcontroller also sends a message to
the loco-pilot of the train and nearby fire station using the
microcontroller.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEMS
In this system, the microcontrollerArduinoUNOcontrols the
overall operation. The microcontroller gets all the input
signals from the input components like the smoke sensor,
Flame sensor and Temperature and Humidity sensor. It
checks for the appropriate conditions to be met if it is a fire
accident. The Output components comprise GSM (Global
System for Mobile Communication), and LCDisusedtowarn
the loco pilots with details of the compartment. The idea ofa
fire extinguishing system is to install ‘units’ in the
compartments of the train. Each unit contains sensors like a
Flame sensor, smoke sensor, temperature and humidity
sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor is adjusted accordingly.
When there is a fire accident, initiallyeitherthetemperature,
humidity, flame sensor or the smoke sensor goes high i.e. it
gives 5V as output. So, when there is detection in any of the
sensors, the microcontroller receives 5V from the sensors.
Using the sprinkler placed on the top of the train it will
extinguish the fire and the safety box consists of AFO (Auto
Fire Off) extinguisher ball, 5V relay will open the closed box,
and it will be easy for the passenger. The fireball should be
thrown onto the fire correctly so that it will extinguish the
fire.

3. METHODOLOGY
This paper is completely based on GSM communication,
Zigbee communications andArduinomicrocontroller.All the
sensors have some pre-fixed value which is the threshold
value. If it exceeds the value, the sensor will automatically
send the signal to the microcontroller to do some specific
tasks, here it will turn the fire extinguisher ball first and the
water sprinkler system. The GSM communication is the
interface between the user and alerting system.Wheneverit
detects any abnormal activity it will send an SMS to theuser.
ZIGBEE communication is a transmitter and receiver model
which is used to communicate with the loco pilot and the
other compartment. There will be an Arduino
microcontroller whichisalreadyprogrammedwithsoftware
called Arduino IDE. Using the Embedded C language, the
whole program was written. Using the AT commands the
user can receive the SMS from the GSM module. The
detached mechanism will activate if there is a serious fire
that spread to the nearer compartments. Four sensors like
flame, humidity , Temperature, and gas sensors were used.
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIG-1: Transmitter Node
FIG-2: Receiver Node
Figure 1 and 2 represents the block diagram of the
transmitter node and receiver node respectively. Here
ATMEGA Arduino UNO is used as a microcontroller. Four
sensors namely temperature, flame, smoke, and humidity
sensor used. It will detect the conditions and update themto
the microcontroller. There will be some mechanisms like
water compartment separation. Using a 12 V DC motor the
other compartment will be separated. The sprinkler system
will be turned ON using the 12v DC water pump. These two
mechanisms were controlled by using the relay driver
circuits. The LCD will be interfaced withthemicrocontroller.
It is used to display the values received bythesensors.There
will be a separate DC motor for controlling the forward-
moving mechanisms. The Zig bee module has both the
transmitter and receiver in it. Every compartment has this
module to transfer the message and build communication.
In the receiver node, The ZigBee transceiver
receives any abnormal messages and sends it to the
microcontroller to turn ON the alert using a buzzer and LED.
Here, separate power supply is used for all the units in this
system. This alert is also sent to the loco pilot of the train.
5. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
FIG-3: Transmitter Unit
POWER
SUPPLY
POWER
SUPPLY
ANTENNA
ANTENNA

FIG-4: Receiver Unit
The proposed approach is based on GSM communications.
The hardware setup has shown in Fig. 3 and 4. The kit is
given a power supply by two separate 6-volt batteries. A
voltage regulator IC is used to regulate the 12V to 5V supply
to the Arduino microcontroller. When unit is powered ON,
the DC motor keeps the Train unit moving forward. Two DC
motor is used for the forward mechanism. Three channel
relay is used for the forward mechanism, water pump and
fire extinguisher ball. When the sensor detects the flame,
smoke, temperature and humidity abnormally, it will send
SMS automatically to Loco Pilot by GSM communication. It
makes the fire extinguisher ball open from the box and it
extinguishes the fire. The water pump is also used for
extinguishing the fire.
The detaching mechanism is used to separate the train
compartments.
FIG-5: 12 V DC Water Pump
The 12V DC water pump is controlled from ARDUNIO. The
sprinkler system will detect the fire to initiate within a few
minutes. One channel relay is used to control the Dc water
pump. When it gets a signal from the microcontroller,
automatically the sprinkler systems opens the water by the
DC water pump.
FIG-6: DC Motor ( Fire Extinguisher Ball )
A Fire extinguisher ball is a sphere-shaped product made of
a waterproof plastic shell filled up with harmless
environmentallyfriendlynontoxicchemical powder.The ball
self-activates within least 3 seconds of contact with the fire.
Fire extinguishers use a chemical substance that can easily
cool the flame area. A portable fire extinguisherremovesthe
fire that has taken place inside the train compartment.
FIG-7: Forward Mechanism
They are two DC motors for moving the unit in forward
direction The mechanism is working by 12V DC motor it is
30 RPM motor is used to control that mechanism. ONE
channel relay is used to control the move forward by
operating the 12V DC motor.

FIG-8: Compartment Separation Mechanism
In Figure 8, the compartment separation mechanism is
shown. A 12V DC motor is used to separate one
compartment from another. A gearwheel iscoupled with the
DC motor which is used to separate the other unit.
6. RESULTS
FIG-9 Welcome Message
When the unit is powered ON, the LCD shows the message
“WELCOME” shown in Fig. 9. Afterthat,sensorautomatically
starts to sense the flame, humidity, fire and temperature.
FIG-10: Value of Sensors
In Figure 10 LCD displays the values of sensors. 'T'
represents the current Temperature. "F" represents the
reading of the Flame sensor. "H" represents the reading of
the Humidity sensor. "G" represents the Gas.
By utilising particular physical and chemical
processes, the gas sensor transforms the constituents and
quantities of various gases into conventional electrical
signals. It is frequently employed in the detection of toxic
and dangerous gases as well as natural gas leaks. When the
GAS sensor shows the value '0' it is normal and when it is '1'
it shows it is abnormal. Figure 11 shows gas abnormal.
FIG-11: Gas Abnormal Message
The flame sensor is a short, thin metallic rod that
creates a small current of electricity to confirm the presence
of a flame burning within the furnace. Figure 11 shows the
output of LCD displays 'FLAME ABNORMAL'. When the
Flame sensor shows the value '0',it is normal and when it is
'1', it shows it is abnormal. Figure 11 shows the flame
abnormal.
Temperature and humidity sensors are also used
here. When the temperature sensor shows the value'34',itis
normal and when it is '35', it show it is abnormal. When the
humidity sensor shows the value '84', it is normal and when
it is '85', it shows it is abnormal.
When the sensor detects the flame, smoke, temperature and
humidity abnormally then it will send an SMS automatically
to Loco Pilot by GSM communication. It makes the fire
extinguisher ball open from the box and it extinguishes the
fire. The water pump is also used for extinguishing the fire.
FIG-11: Flame Abnormal
This fig.12, shows the screenshot of the received
SMS. When the gas sensor shows a value below '84' it is
normal but here it is '98', So it is abnormal.

FIG-12 Screenshot of SMS
The Zig bee module has both the transmitter and receiver in
it. Every compartment has this module to transfer the
message and build communication.
In the receiver node, the ZigBee Transceiver
receives any abnormal messages it turnsON thealertsystem
using a buzzer and LED. Here separate power supply is used
for all the units in this system. This alert is also sent to the
loco pilot of the train.
7. Conclusions
The suggested approach provides early fire disaster
extinguishment to reduce the damages. Using this system,
safety and security systems are achieved and manage the
information going to the surveillance centre and the safety
system. Using the use of a flame sensor, humidity sensors,
temperature and gas sensors, theprimarygoal ofthissystem
is to execute fire detection and rescue operations for
rudimentary purposes. The GSM module notifies the loco
pilot witha warning message.ZIGBEEcommunication,which
sends and receives signals to every compartment to alert
passengers and drivers as well as neighbouring train
stations, and the compartment's separation in case of
emergency using motor control and relays, improved this
paper. In Future this paper can be improved with an
automatic braking mechanism and IOT for real-time data
monitoring.
REFERENCES
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2019

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