1) Using video cameras on a robot allows it to find and determine the direction and distance to targets through techniques like masking and shape recognition.
2) Masking provides an image of only the target object, like a flag, which can then be used to determine distance from the robot from 2 feet away and further. Cameras can also pan and tilt to extend the visual range.
3) Pattern recognition software in 2010 identified a bullseye target above the goal by analyzing the video image and returning data on the target's position, score, and angle offset based on the radius ratios.