Five why?????
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This document provides an overview of the 5 Whys technique for root cause analysis. The 5 Whys involves iteratively asking "Why?" to get to the root cause of a problem. It is done by taking an effect and tracing it back through layers of "whys" to reveal the underlying cause. An example is provided where a vehicle breaking down leads through 5 whys to discovering the root cause was increased fuel prices. Benefits are that it avoids assumptions and traces causality directly. Last answers should point to a process rather than factors like time or resources. Fishbone diagrams or a tabular form can be used to map the 5 Whys analysis.
Five why?????
- 1. Prepared by: Sambhujyoti Das, Quality Assurance 5 WHY
- 2. Asking “Why?” may be a favourite technique of your three year old child in driving you crazy, but it could lead to the root cause of a headache (The problem). 2
- 3. Principle: • 5 Whys is an iterative question- asking technique; • Explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem; • logical flow as one digs deeper into finding the root cause(s); The answer to each question then forms the basis of the next question. 3
- 4. An example:……(1) You are on your way to attained a marriage party of your dear ones and your wheeler stops in the middle of the road. •1. Why did your vehicle stop? – Because it ran out of patrol. •2. Why did it run out of patrol? – Because I didn’t buy any patrol on my way to work. 4
- 5. An example:………(1) continued • 3. Why didn’t you buy any patrol this morning? – Because I didn’t have any money. • 4. Why didn’t you have any money? – Because its month end and I exhausted my salary. • 5. Why did you exhausted my salary? – Because the patrol price has increased 3rd time within a month. 5
- 6. An example:……(2) Different product mono-cartons in a clinic carton (Packaging Mixup). (the problem). 1.Why ? Clinic carton of different product. (first why); 2.Why ? Carton mixup during packaging. (second why); 3.Why ? Incorrect product details on clinic carton. (third why); 6
- 7. An example:……(2) continued 4. Why ? Misprinting from supplier. (fourth why); 5. Why ? Line-clearance procedure was not followed during plate cutting. (fifth why, a root cause). Fifth why suggests a broken process or an alterable behaviour. 7
- 8. Thumb rule: • Five iterations of asking why is generally sufficient to get to a root. • The questioning for this example could be taken further to a sixth, seventh, or higher level. 8
- 9. Benefits: • Encourage the trouble-shooter to avoid assumptions and logic traps. • Trace the chain of causality in direct increments. • From the effect through any layers of abstraction to a root cause that still has some connection to the original problem. 9
- 10. Mind it: • Last answer points to a process. • Untrained facilitators will often observe that answers seem to point towards classical answers such as not enough time, not enough investments, or not enough manpower. • These answers may be true, but they are out of our control. 10
- 11. Techniques: There are two primary techniques used to perform 5 Whys: •Fishbone (Ishikawa) and •Tabular Form. Fishbone diagram may be helpful to identify the exact answer of each question. 11
- 12. Tabular From - Worksheet: 12
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