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FFIIXXEEDD FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNAALL AAPPPPLLIIAANNCCEESS 
-- AANN AAPPPPRRAAIISSAALL 
DDrr.. CChheettaann JJaayyaaddee
The Herbst appliance – generations 
Gen. I – Banded and crown Herbst 
Gen. II – Herbst directly onto archwires 
Gen. III – Cantilever Herbst 
Gen. IV – The Ball joint attachments
RFFA’s : The Ventral Telescope
RFFA’s : The Magnetic Telescopic device 
- Ritto – 1997
RFFA’s : The Mandibular Protraction 
Appliance ( MPA) 
-Coelho Filho – 1995,97,98,2001 
MPA I
RFFA’s : The Mandibular Protraction 
Appliance ( MPA) 
MPA I
RFFA’s : The Mandibular Protraction 
Appliance ( MPA) 
MPA II
RFFA’s : The Mandibular Protraction 
Appliance ( MPA) 
MPA II
RFFA’s : The Mandibular Protraction 
Appliance ( MPA) 
MPA III
RFFA’s : The Mandibular Protraction 
Appliance ( MPA) 
MPA IV
RFFA’s : The Universal Bite Jumper (UBJ) 
Xavier Calvez - 1998
RFFA’s : The Universal Bite Jumper (UBJ)
RFFA’s : The Universal Bite Jumper (UBJ)
RFFA’s : The Ritto Appliance 
- Koroddi Ritto - 1998
RFFA’s : The Ritto Appliance
RFFA’s : The Biopedic - GAC
RFFA’s : The Intra-oral Snoring Therapy 
appliance (IST) - Hinz
The MMAARRAA aapppplliiaannccee –– TToollll aanndd EEcckkhhaarrtt
The MMAARRAA aapppplliiaannccee –– TToollll aanndd EEcckkhhaarrtt
TThhee MMAARRAA aapppplliiaannccee
Effects due to the Herbst appliance
Effects due to the Herbst appliance
Herbst appliance in an adult 
a)Dento-alveolar changes 
b)Source of anchorage 
c)TMJ dysfunction
Clinical considerations for a fixed 
functional appliance 
Appliance selection 
Archwire selection – Upper + Lower 
Initial adaptation of the patient 
Stepwise advancement 
Considerations of retention
Clinical considerations for a fixed 
functional appliance 
Appliance selection 
PEA preferable (specially in the lower 
arch)– rigid rectangular wire with labial 
root torque on anteriors. 
Upper appliance dependant on the 
malocclusion 
Upper and Lower Begg appliance ?
Clinical considerations for a fixed 
functional appliance 
Archwire selection 
Upper archwire – atleast 0.018” SS (Begg) 
or 0.017 X 0.025” SS (PEA) 
Lower archwire – 0.019 X 0.025” (PEA) 
0.021 X .025” (Tip-edge) 
0.022 X 0.018” ( Begg)
Clinical considerations for a fixed 
functional appliance 
Initial adaptation of the patient 
Acrylic splint with mandible postured 
forward for muscle adaptation and 
training the patient
Fixed functional appliances
Fixed functional appliances
Clinical considerations for a fixed 
functional appliance 
Stepwise advancement – Not always 
necessary 
Considerations of retention - How long 
- with what?

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