Types Of Flooring
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Floors divide buildings into levels and provide surfaces to support loads. There are two main types of floors: ground floors and upper floors. The document then describes 20 different types of floor finishes, including mud, stone, tile, concrete, pavement blocks, asphalt, wood, rubber, linoleum, cork, glass, plastic, vinyl, and laminate flooring. Each type of flooring is summarized in 1-3 sentences explaining its material, use, benefits and drawbacks. The document concludes by listing the project members.
![PROJECT BY-SOURAV CH. MAHATO [ROLL NO.52718]
SOUMEN PATRA[ROLL NO.52716]
SOUMYADIP SAMANTA[ROLL NO.52717]
SANTANU MAHATA [ROLL NO.52702]
SOURAV MUKHERJEE[ROLL NO.52720]
RAKHAL MAHATHA[ROLL NO.52695]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/flooringbykuntan-141009130925-conversion-gate01/85/Types-Of-Flooring-24-320.jpg)
Types Of Flooring
- 1. PROJECT – Floors And Flooring Group- DreamersAND THEY CALLED US
- 2. Floors And Flooring Floors divide the building into different levels one above the other .The purpose of providing a number of floors is to get the maximum living area within a restricted site . The purpose of a floor is - To provide a level surface. To support live and dead loads. A floor must satisfy the following requirements – Adequate strength and stability. Adequate fire resistance. Sound insulation. Damp resistance. Thermal insulation. Floors are of two types – Ground floors. Upper floors.
- 3. Types Of Floor Finishes 1. MUD AND MURAM FLOORING 2. NATURAL STONE FLOORING 3. CLAY/CERAMIC TILE FLOORING 4. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING 5. PAVEMENT BLOCKS FLOORING 6. TREMIX FLOORING 7. IPS FLOORING 8. ASPHALT FLOORING 9. BRICK FLOORING 10. TERRAZZO FLOORING 11. MOSAIC FLOORING 12. TILED FLOORING 13. TIMBER FLOORING 14. RUBBER FLOORING 15. LINOLEUM FLOORING 16. CORK FLOORING 17. GLASS FLOORING 18. PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING 19. VINYLE FLOORING 20. LAMINATE FLOORING
- 4. MUD AND MURAM FLOORING MUD FLOORING Used for unimportant buildings, particularly in villages. MERITS Cheap, hard and fairly impervious. Easy in construction and maintenance. Good thermal insulation. DEMERITS For proper maintenance, the floors are required to be given a wash of cement cow dung plaster once or twice a week which is objectionable from sanitary considerations.
- 5. NATURAL STONE FLOORING Natural stone refers to a variety of mountain born materials including Slate, Marble, Limestone, Travertine, Granite, and Sandstone. Each of these has slightly different properties.
- 6. CLAY/CERAMIC TILE FLOORING Ceramics are an ancient craft that date back some 4,000 years, originating in Ancient Egypt around 4,700 BCE. The origin of the word “ceramic” comes from the Greek word “keramos,” or pottery. The word “tile” originates from the Latin “tegula” and its French derivative, “tuile.”Tiles are made from clay, which once shaped and dried, are fired in a kiln at very hot temperatures. This process hardens the tiles, creating “bisque,” which can then be glazed and fired a second time. Tiles can also be used unglazed, although the color range is limited to the natural shades of the clay.
- 7. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING Used for residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The floor consists of two components – The two components of the floor can be constructed either monolithically or non-monolithically. Base course may be 7.5 to 10 cm thick. It may be either in lean cement concrete (1 : 3 : 6 or 1 : 5 : 10) or lime concrete containing 40% mortar of 1 : 2 lime-sand and 60% coarse aggregate. The topping is then laid in square or rectangular panels of size 1X1 or 2X2 or 1X2 m. It consists of 1 : 2 : 4 cement concrete.
- 8. PAVEMENT BLOCKS FLOORING This is also known as brick paving .It is a decorative method of creating a hard surface .They are used for drive ways ,pavements, town centres etc.
- 9. TREMIX FLOORING Tremix flooring is a special type of flooring mostly being done in the industrial sector. It provides better wearing and tearing properties. It is generally used for industrial purpose, where rigid surface necessary for machine foundation, light load carrier vehicle and light weight cranes. Generally the mix of concrete used for Tremix is 1:1:5:3 (1 cement: 1.5 sand and: 3 stone aggregates), mostly rich mix of 1:1:2 preferred for better wear and tear. In this flooring necessary reinforcement provides depending upon the thickness of the flooring, whereas the thickness of concrete is decided from 100 to 200 mm over PCC (1:4:8) and well prepared stone soling base ranging from 230 to 300 mm. In industrial flooring PCC base should be kept up to 100 mm and same as floor concrete 150 mm, may be satisfactory for heavy duty areas such as warehouses, garage and machine shops.
- 10. IPS FLOORING IPS flooring stands for Indian patent stone flooring, it is a basic type of flooring which provides good wearing properties. It is generally used for all types of floors and mix of concrete used for IPS flooring specification is 1:1.5:3 (cement, sand and stone aggregates). As per the nature of use the flooring thickness of concrete is decided from 25 mm to 50 mm. It is laid over the concrete base (1:4:8), which is almost 3 to 4 inches thick plain cement concrete (PCC) base. You can decide the thickness of the IPS flooring as per the requirement of work; in residential floor 75 mm floor thickness is sufficient whereas industrial floor thickness should be kept 150 mm.
- 11. ASPHALT FLOORING The technology used in making asphalt tiles and sheets for flooring has improved considerably. Asphalt tiles and sheets are available in different colours and forms.
- 12. BRICK FLOORING Brick flooring has been used for centuries in homes and offices, as sidewalks and streets, and for buildings. It's been popular enough that brick pattern laminate flooring was created for people who wanted the look without having the rough texture and challenge of cleaning brick flooring.
- 13. TERRAZZO FLOORING Terrazzo is a highly versatile material that has been used as a flooring product since Roman times but can be moulded into almost any shape. Terrazzo tiles and Terrazzo flooring is used throughout the world in locations such as train stations, airports, shopping malls and supermarkets and enjoys an enviable reputation due to its combination of durability, ease of maintenance, beauty and performance.
- 14. MOSAIC FLOORING MOSAIC FLOORING Made of small pieces of broken tiles of china glazed/cement/marble arranged in different pattern. Tiles used are available in a variety of patterns and colours. Commonly used in operation theatres, temples, bathrooms and superior type of building floors.
- 15. TILED FLOORING TILED FLOORING Constructed from square or any other shape made of clay, cement or terrazzo. Available in different sizes and thicknesses. Used in residential houses, offices, schools and other public buildings. An alternative to terrazzo flooring. MERITS Non absorbent, decorative and durable. Quick laying of floors. Easily repaired. DEMERITS Initial and maintenance cost is high. On becoming wet, provides a slippery surface.
- 16. TIMBER FLOORING TIMBER FLOORING Not used much for residential buildings in India because it is costly. Used for carpentry halls, dancing halls, auditoriums etc.Common in hilly areas where timber is cheap and available. Entire area below the floor is covered with an impervious material(cement concrete or asphalt) to prevent dampness. Elastic in nature. Resistant to wear and tear.
- 17. RUBBER FLOORING RUBBER FLOORING Consists of sheets or tiles of rubber in a variety of patterns and colours with thickness varying from 3 to 10 mm. Sheet or tile is manufactured by mixing pure rubber with fillers such as cotton fiber, granulated cork or asbestos fiber. Sheets/tiles are fixed to concrete base by appropriate adhesives. Resilient and noise proof. They are costly. Used in office or public buildings.
- 18. LINOLEUM FLOORING LINOLEUM FLOORING A covering available in rolls which is spread directly on concrete or wooden flooring. Linoleum sheets may be plain or printed. It may be 2 to 6 mm thick and 2 to 4 m wide. Linoleum tiles are also available. Linoleum coverings are attractive, resilient, durable, cheap and can be cleaned easily. It rots when gets wet. Hence it cannot be used for bathrooms and kitchens.
- 19. CORK FLOORING CORK FLOORING Cork is the outer bark of cork oak tree. This flooring is perfectly noiseless and is used in libraries, theatres, art galleries etc. It may be in the form of either carpet or tiles. It is fixed to a concrete base. Its size varies from 10 cm X 10 cm to 30 cm X 90 cm and thickness varies from 5 mm to 15 mm.
- 20. GLASS FLOORING GLASS FLOORING It is used where light is to be transmitted from upper floor to lower floor. Structural glass is available in the form of tiles or slabs. Its thickness varies from 12 to 30 mm. These slabs or tiles are fixed in closely spaced frames. It is very costly and therefore not commonly used.
- 21. PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING It is made of plastic material fabricated in the form of tiles of different sizes and colour shades. Widely used in all types of buildings. The tiles are laid on concrete base. The floor is washed with warm soap water before use. It is resilient, smooth, good looking and can be cleaned easily. It is costly and slippery and is damaged when comes in contact with burning objects.
- 22. VINYLE FLOORING Vinyl tile is a simple, inexpensive way to cover a floor. Many tiles have a self-adhesive that only requires peeling off the backing and sticking them down. Tiles without the backing require spreading an adhesive over the floor with a notched trowel, then setting the tiles.
- 23. LAMINATE FLOORING Laminate flooring consist of two layers, one is outer layer, a glued-on layer and an inner layer. Laminate flooring look like wooden flooring, some even has a look of marble and granite. Laminate flooring gives the flexibility. Almost any wood patterned or lightly colored stone patterned laminate floor will give the opportunity to change the look of a room completely. If you are putting borders in a small room that is not right because due to furniture you will not be able to see any borders. But these borders will look very attractive and decent in big rooms.
- 24. PROJECT BY-SOURAV CH. MAHATO [ROLL NO.52718] SOUMEN PATRA[ROLL NO.52716] SOUMYADIP SAMANTA[ROLL NO.52717] SANTANU MAHATA [ROLL NO.52702] SOURAV MUKHERJEE[ROLL NO.52720] RAKHAL MAHATHA[ROLL NO.52695]