Foreign Policy of Pakistan
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Pakistan has diplomatic relationships with several countries based on mutual interests and objectives. Its foreign policy aims to protect national security, territorial integrity, and political sovereignty. Key aspects of Pakistan's foreign policy include sovereignty, national interests, and peaceful cooperation. Major foreign policy agencies include the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and intelligence services. Pakistan maintains relationships with neighboring countries like Iran, Afghanistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey as well as allies like the United States.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan
- 2. Topic. Foreign Policy of Pakistan Bs Civil Technology ( 2019-2023 ) Ghauri Group Submitted To Respected Ma’am Maria Bilal Submitted by Student Name Roll No Saleem Abbas 024 Ali Afzal 027 Ali Haider 017 Tipp Baig 023 M. Umer 025 Usman Anwar 020 Usman Majid 026 Bilal 002
- 3. Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.7 million people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 796,096 square kilometres. Foreign Policy of Pakistan A country's foreign policy, also called foreign relations or foreign affairs policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu. The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries. The primary objective of Pakistan's foreign policy is to safeguard the national security, territorial integrity and political sovereignty of the country. To protect Pakistan's economic interests abroad. Foreign policy of Pakistan based on two major points. These are followings… 1) Sovereignty 2) National Interest Sovereignty Sovereignty is authority to govern a state or a state that is self governing. It has two major points .these are followings… 1) Ideological Boundaries 2) Geographical Boundaries National Interest National interest of a state means “ Economic Interest “.
- 4. Principles of Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1) Peaceful Co-Existence 2) Non-Alignment 3) Bilateralism 4) United Nation Charter 5) Elimination of Racial Discrimination Foreign Policy Making Agencies of Pakistan 1) Administrative Troika 2) Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3) Intelligence Agencies 4) Political Parties and Pressure Group 5) Parliament
- 5. PAK-Iran Relationship In west of Pakistan is Iran. Iran is an Islamic country. Pakistan shares 900 Km border with Iran .Pakistan has close relation with Iran till his creation. We have close religious , culture and trade relation with Iran since long . Iran was a first country that recognized Pakistan on its emergence and ambassadors we exchanged . The prime minister of Pakistan visited Iran in 1949 and in response to this visit the Shah of Iran also visited Pakistan in 1950 and trade relations were established. R.C.D Pakistan and Iran along with Turkey established Regional Cooperation for Development ( RCD ) in 1964 for the development and close cooperation with one an other in the field of economic . Industries , trade , culture and tourism which was later on annulled in 1979. Indo-Pak Wars and Iran Iran supported Pakistan during the Indo-Pak war of 1965 . It provided economic and military assistance to Pakistan . Likewise Iran supported Pakistan during the war of 1971 . Pakistan paid due regard to Iran for this help. E.C.O In 1985 a new organization for the close cooperation among Pakistan , Iran and Turkey was established by replaced RCD named as Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO). Presently all the Muslim countries of Central Asia have also become the members of it .
- 6. Industrial and Technical Cooperation The Chamber of Commerce of Pakistan and Iran exchanged visits of both countries and offered mutual cooperation for economic development . The President of Pakistan Gen. Perviaz Musharraf paid a visit to Iran is 2000 and offered his cooperation for the programme of setting up of gas pipeline from Iran to India. The pipeline would be 2670 Km long . The pipeline has diameter of 48 inches . The pipeline will contain 3.2 billion dollar of gas . Defence Cooperation Defence Cooperation is one of the most important component in Pak-Iran relation . Pakistan Iran defence agreement was signed in July 1989. Iran involved in joint production of Al-Khalid Tank . Economic Ties With Iran In 2008 , Iran agreed to finance an energy project in Pakistan worth 60 Million Dollar with 1000 MW electricity. International Fraight Rail line worth 20 billion dollar from Islamabad to Istanbul via Tehran agreement signed in 2009 . Iran and Pakistan signed their first gas pipeline deal in February 2010.
- 7. Pak-Afghan Relationship Durand line divides the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan , which is about 2252 Km along . Both countries are connected through Hilly passes . Darra-e-Khyber is very famous among them . Improvement in Relations In the early decade of 1970 the relation between both countries began to improve . The Prime Minister of Pakistan and President of Afghanistan visited each other countries , signed a pact of regional security and non-intervention . War of USSR and Afghanistan The Russian army entered in Afghanistan in December 1979 . The new Government of Afghanistan began to persecute its opponents , which resulted in emigration of 3 Million Afghan refuges into Pakistan . Pakistan provided protection to refugees on the humanitarian ground and Islamic feelings. Geneva Pact and Pakistan When the Afghan people started Jihad against the Russian Army , Pakistan supported them . On the other handed Pakistan also tried to solve the problem diplomatically . In 1988 Geneva Pact between Russia , Pakistan and Afghanistan was signed also the Russian Army was withdrawn in 1989 under the auspices of United Nation . Permanent Joint Commission In May 2000 a permanent Joint Commission between Pakistan and Afghanistan was set up to regulate cross border movement of refuges and to check the production and smuggling of narcotics . Attack of USA on Afghanistan After the incident of 11 September 2001 United State attacked Afghanistan and Government of Pakistan favour America . The Taliban Government came to an end and a pro-American government was installed in Afghanistan . The Government of Pakistan again recognized the new government it provided promised to give more aid. Now Democratic Government in Afghanistan and Pakistan After the installation of new democratic government in Pakistan a pact of Gas-pipeline between the Prime Minister of Pakistan and the President of Afghanistan was signed in early 2003 and the promised to help each other to complete the project in 2004 after the election of Hamid Karzai as democratic president of Afghanistan . There is hope of starting of a new era of relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan .
- 8. Pak-Saudi Arabia Relationship Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have special relationship because there are Holy places of Muslims in Saudi Arabia and laces of Pakistani Muslim visit Saudi Arabia for performing Hajj every year . Moreover the principle of Muslim world unity is the common factor in foreign policies of both the countries. Emergence of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia Before the emergence of Pakistan , Saudi Arabia supported the Pakistan Movement . After independence Saudi Arabia also recognized Pakistan. The first pact was signed between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in 1951 which strengthened the friendly relationship of the both countries . Shah Faisal visit of Pakistan In 1954 Shah Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia visited Pakistan and provided sufficient aid for the rehabilitation of agencies . In 1966 Shah Faisal visited Pakistan in official tour and declared Pakistan is second home and announced economic aid for Pakistan . Saudi Arabia established a bank in Pakistan for economic support. Economic Aid Saudi Arabia provided one billion rupees in aid to install cement and other factories in Pakistan . Pakistan provided technical assistance to Saudi Arabia in defense and re-organized Saudi Army on modern lines . Shah Faisal also provided economic aid to construct Faisal Masjid in Islamabad . Indo-Pak War and Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia supported Pakistan during the Indo-Pak wars of 1965 and 1971 and provided economic aid . Saudi Government supported Pakistan on Kashmir issue . Shah Faisal helped Pakistan in convening of second Islamic Conference in 1974 in Lahore . Pak-Saudi Economic Commission Pak-Saudi Economic Commission was established in Riyadh in 1998 , which initiated 155 projects in Pakistan and provided economic assistance for their completion .
- 9. Visit of Government Official Chief Executive of Pakistan Gen. Pervaiz Musharraf visited Saudi Arabia on official tour and signed many pacts for mutual cooperation . The new Prime Minister of Pakistan also visited Saudi Arabia in 2003 and strengthened the relation of both the countries by signing many pacts. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have special bilateral relationship through which they trusted upon each other . The time also proved the close friendship of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia .
- 10. Pak-India Relationship India is a neighboring country of Pakistan . Its 84% population is Hindu , 10% Muslim and 6 % are other minorities . Common border between Pakistan and India is 1600 Km . The relation between Pakistan and India could not be developed on better line from the inception of Pakistan. Kashmir Dispute Kashmir is a dispute between both the countries and three wars i.e. 1948 , 1965 and 1971 have been fought on the dispute of Kashmir . From the emergence of Pakistan India created many problems for Pakistan. Indus Water Treaty and India Pakistan and India signed Indus Water Treaty in 1960 to solve the water dispute between them . Project was completed with the help of World Bank and other countries but India refused to give its due share . Separation of East Pakistan and India India helped the separatist elements in East Pakistan in 1971 and created Bangladesh . After its Shimla Agreements was signed between Pakistan and by which both the countries agreed differences through negotiations . Freedom Movement in Kashmir In 1989 the Kashmiri’s freedom fighters started struggle against India in the decade of 1990 . Pakistan is determined to solve the Kashmir issue in accordance with the UN resolution through the right of self determination of Kashmiri’s . Now there is hope for the improvement of relations between both the countries. Kargil War (1999) In the winter of early 1999 Pakistan army along with the Mujahedeen reoccupied the forward positions and
- 11. strategic peaks of Kargil , Drass and Batalik. In the Spring of 1999 on order of Pakistan Army Chief Gen. Pervez Musharraf , Pakistani soldiers climbed up the snow-bound passes and occupied some high position . From the Siachin Glacier Pakistan was in a strong position to cut off supplies and winter dumping and thus force Indians to withdraw . Indians ultimately complained to international community and finally on pressure by the USA . Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif ordered the withdrawal of troops. Pakistan failed to get to support of international community during Kargil war and had to withdraw .
- 12. Pak-China Relationship Pakistan and China are neighboring countries . They have Common boundary of about 600 Km long . Their bilateral relation depend upon the glorious tradition and close friendship. Pakistan recognized China on its birth in October 1949 and developed good relation with it . Start of Pak-China Friendship The prime minister of both countries met in Bandung Conference in 1955 and after that the series of visits continued up till now . Settlement of Boundaries In 1961 the efforts to resolve the boundaries issue were started and it was completed in 1963 . Which strengthened the good relationship and trade pact was signed by them . Pakistan Air Line started its flights to Beijing in early sixties . Support at Indo-Pak War The President of Pakistan visited China in February 1964 and China supported the claim of Pakistan to solve Kashmir issue peacefully . In the Indo-Pak war of 1965 China supported Pakistan and provided arms. Defense Pacts Many defense pacts were concluded between Pakistan and China in 1985 according to which China provided economic and technical assistance in building the Kamra Complex and Ordinance Factory at Wah. Likewise China provided the assistance of PRs. 273 Million for setting up heavy Electric Complex in NWFP .
- 13. Support to China Pakistan also sided China and support it for its permanent membership of Security Council of UN . Pakistan played an important role in establishing the close relation of United State with China . Pakistan supported China on the issue of the presence of foreign troops in Kampochia and China supported Pakistan on the issue of Russian intervention in Afghanistan . Issues of Pakistan and China Relations In 2010 China donated 260 Million Dollars to flood hit Pakistan and sent 4 Helicopters for rescue operation . In 2011 Pakistan brought air to air SD 10 Missile from China . On 24 December 2013 China announced 6.5 Billion Dollars for the construction of Nuclear power project in Karachi . Chines companies sign 46 Billion Dollars of 51 project . On November 2014 Pakistan and China signed 19 agreements particularly of 42 Billion Dollars relating China Pakistan Economic Corridor ( CPEC ) . 20 April 2015 Chines President visited to Pakistan . 26 January 2015 Chief of Army Staff General Raheel Sharif visited to China . Conclusion Pak-China holds great important in the world . The need of the time is that both countries work to gather to make it strong . Pak-China relation is not only on the political level but people of both countries share a deep and special bond . This historic friendship termed as ‘’ stronger than steel ‘’ ‘’ sweeter than honey’’ ‘’deeper than ocean ‘’ and ‘’ higher than mountain ‘’.
- 14. Pak-Turk Relationship The relation between Pakistan and Turkey the two brotherly Are deep rooted and based on the similarity of Islamic culture . Diplomatic relations between Turkey and Pakistan were established in 1947, soon after Pakistan came into being as the then largest Muslim country on world map. Turkey was among a few countries that quickly recognized Pakistan after its creation and supported its successful bid to become a member of the United Nations . Investment Trade Turkey and Pakistan are founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization and part of the Developing 8 Countries (D-8) organization. Both nations have worked to negotiate a preferential trading agreement, aiming to considerably increase trade and investments, especially in transport, telecommunications, manufacturing, tourism and other industries. Both governments have sought to increase the volume of bilateral trade from $690 million to more than $1 billion by 2010. Pakistani exports include rice, sesame seeds, leather, textiles, fabrics, sports goods, and medical equipment. Turkey's exports to Pakistan include wheat, chickpeas, lentils, diesel, chemicals, transport vehicles, machinery and energy products . Turkish private corporations have also invested significantly in industrial and construction projects developing highways, pipelines and canals. The two countries are negotiating the Turkey-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement. Pakistan–Turkey Free Trade Agreement The Turkey-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (also known as Pakistan-Turkey FTA) is an under-negotiation free trade agreement between Pakistan and Turkey. The FTA is projected to increase bilateral trade to $5 billion between the years 2016 and 2019 and then to $10 billion by 2022 .
- 15. Aid Exchange In the aftermath of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Turkey stepped up its efforts to help the Pakistani people of the affected areas . Turkey announced a package of $150 million for the quake-hit people . The Turkish aid organization Kizilay also constructed a mosque in Pakistan's Azad Kashmir region bordering Indian Jammu & Kashmir. The mosque is being built in the Ottoman Style in Pakistan's Bagh District . Pakistan supplied Turkey with aid during the 1999 earthquake and during the 2011 Van earthquake. Military Relation Pakistan and Turkey have maintained long-standing military ties with Turkey also providing training to Pakistani air force officers in upgrading its F-16 fleet . On 2 April 1954, Pakistan and Turkey signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation . In July 2018 Pakistan’s navy signed a contract for the acquisition of four MILGEM- class (MILGEM project) ships from Turkey which is the largest single military export deal of Turkey worth $1.5 billion. Pakistan Navy Commander Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi and Erdogan cut the first metal plate of the first of the four MILGEM Ada class corvette during a ceremony held on Sep 29, 2019. Over the last decade, nearly 1,500 Pakistani military officers have received training in Turkey. The two are already collaborating on drone production, while Turkish and Pakistani troops held joint counter-terror exercises with Uzbek forces in Uzbekistan in April 2019. Both could soon join forces to develop and co-produce their own fighter jet after which they could go in together on a stealth fighter. Turkish military attaches from each branch of its armed forces have been posted in the Pakistani embassy in Ankara, and Turkey helped upgrade a batch of F-16 fighter jets for the Pakistan Air Force, manufacturing engines as well as spare parts. Both countries have come even closer militarily owing to security situation around their neighbors as well as due to instability in ties with the US recently. In November 2019, Navies of both countries participated in drills in the Mediterranean and Arabian Sea .
- 16. Pakistan–United States relations Pakistan–United States relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Pakistan and the United States. On 20 October 1947, two months and six days after Pakistan's independence, the United States established relations with Pakistan, making it amongst the first nations to establish relations with the new state. Economic Relations Pakistan is the sixth largest country in the world by population and the 40th largest economy. The United States is Pakistan’s largest export destination country, while China is Pakistan’s largest import partner. Despite ongoing security and macroeconomic concerns, Pakistan remains an attractive market for U.S. companies due to favorable demographics, English language skills, low labor costs, and natural resources; however, there are real trade and investment barriers that limit the ability of U.S. companies to enter the market and grow their businesses in Pakistan. Overall U.S.- Pakistan trade in 2018 reached a record high of $6.6 billion, an increase of 4 percent from the previous year. U.S. exports to Pakistan increased 4 percent to reach an all-time high of $2.9 billion in 2018. While bilateral trade has remained strong in 2019, Pakistan will need to pursue economic reforms to promote future economic growth. Major U.S. investments are concentrated in fast-moving consumer goods, chemicals, energy, agriculture, out-sourcing, transportation, and communications. Military relations Military relations between Pakistan and the United States have been present since the two established diplomatic relations in 1947. The United States' military relations with Pakistan have been consistently close and it has sometimes been referred to as "America's most allied ally in Asia", reflecting shared interests in security and stability in South Asia.The military establishments of both countries have cooperated in taking action against militant groups involved in the War in Afghanistan.
- 17. The Pakistan Army and Pakistan Air Force regularly engage in joint exercises with U.S. forces, while the Pakistan Navy is the second most consistent participant in Combined Task Force 150 and Combined Task Force 151 after the United States Navy. Security and Terrorism After 9/11 terrorists attack on US Pakistan become a reliable ally for US in the War on Terror. Pakistan started banned so many groups in their premises like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Lashkar-e-jhangwi and stopped them with using power. "Pivotal Al Qaeda-related arrests in Pakistan have included Abu Zubaydah (March 2002), Ramzi bin al -Shibh (September 2002), and Khalid Mohammed (March 2003)" (Joseph, 2004) . The United States also identified Indian crime figure Dawood Ibrahim as a "global terrorist" with links to both Al Qaeda and Lashkar-e- Taiba. America support India or Pakistan According to Gallup's annual World Affairs survey, India is perceived by Americans as their sixth favorite nation in the world, with 71% of Americans viewing India favorably in 2015. Gallup polls found that 74% of Americans viewed India favorably in 2017 and 72% in 2019 . Financial aid to Pakistan Financial aid to Pakistan since the 11 September 2001 attacks. Between 2002–2011, US Congress approved $18 billion in military and economic aid from the United States. However the Pakistan Treasury only received $8.647 billion in direct financial payments.