Forensic Science and its Application in Litigation
- 1. Sample collection & Preservation 10/6/2022 Toxicology & Forensic Serology 1 Dr. Aamir Ali Khan Assistant Professor PhD Biochemistry
- 2. Types of Sample (Forensic Serology) 1 • Sample Required for Forensic & toxicological Testing – Blood – Urine – Stomach lavage/stomach aspirate – Saliva, – Stained cloth (blood/semen) – Pubic/Vaginal swab (semen/DNA) – Hair /Hair Follicles
- 3. 5/7/2021 Toxicology & Forensic Serology Types Of Sample 2 • Sample Collection After Post-Mortem – Human Viscera • Stomach • Small intestine • Liver • Kidney • Urine/blood/vitereous • Heart
- 4. 4 •If Patient is Alive & suspicion of poisoning Material Quantity Remarks Vomit/stomach Aspirate 300 ml if less available Whole quantity Stomach washout 500 ml if less available Whole quantity Blood 10 ml Preferably more , 100 ml Urine 100-200 ml if less available Whole quantity *Sample should be properly preserved and labeled
- 5. 5 Material Quantity Remarks Stomach Whole N/A Small intestine 100 cm adult 200 cm children, whole in infants, preferably tied end to end Liver 100 ml/whole Preferably the portion with gall bladder Spleen 500 mg 5cm thick slice of liver or whole in infants Kidneys Half in adult Whole in children Vitreous Maximum As much as can be withdrawn •After autopsy specimen to be preserve irrespective of the nature of poison
- 6. 5/7/202 1 Toxicology & Forensic Serolog y 6 •Additional sample required in special Circumstances Nature of Poison Material (to be preserved) Quantity Alcohol Peripheral blood Vitreous 10 ml Vitreous maximum Drug of abuse (barbiturates, opium etc) Blood 10 ml Carbon Monoxide Blood 10 ml Heavy metal (chronic arsenic poisoning etc) Bon e Hair Nais Shaft of bone 10 cm Scalp hair with roots Toe and finger nails Inhalation/volatile substance Lung Air tigh container, tie off trachea Injected poison Skin, subcutaneous tissue/muscle from injection mark, similar tissue opposite side as control
- 7. 7 Special Circumstances Material (to be preserved) Criminal Abortion Vagina, uterus, ovaries, any thing related to genital tract Decomposed Bodies Insect egg, maggots and pupa Exhumed bodies Soil samples from above, beneath & sides of coffin or any fluid in coffin . Control sample from distance away of coffin Embalmed bodies Embalming fluids, bone marrow Stained cloths Stained cloth and surrounding unstained area as control •Special Circumstances
- 8. Preservation of forensic sample 8 Sample Condition Location Collection procedure Liquid (blood) Scene/hospital Collect in EDTA, through syringe or gauze/cotton and air dry it Clot (blood) Scene Transfer clot to glass tube add equal volume of saline, transfer to cotton cloth & dry Wet (blood) Cloth Air dry the cloth at room temperature and transfer to paper bag , avoid contamination Wet (blood) Object Air dry at room temperature and transfer to gauze / paper envelope Stain (blood) unmovable surface e.g floor Collect by swab DO NOT SCRAP (double swab method)
- 9. Preservative for forensic sample 9 Sample Condition Preservative Urine Saturated soln/rectified spirit/hydrochloric acid Human Viscera's (liver, stomach, kidney, etc) Saturated saline if there is no chance of acid poison Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid Heart (histopathological examination) 10 percent formalin Maggots Dropped alive into boiling absolute alcohol or 10 % hot formalin Blood in carbon monoxide poisoning A layer of 1-2 cm liquid paraffin should be added immediately over the collected blood to avoid exposure to atmospheric oxygen
- 10. Preservation & Dispatch of viscera/samples 1 0 • Human viscera are preserved in four different wide mouthed glass bottle • Bottle should be filled 2/3rdand some room for gases – Bottle I: Stomach and intestine withits content – Bottle II: kidney, liver and spleen – Bottle III: may have specialsample ,heart, brain etc – Vial : separate vial for each Blood and urine – Bottle IV: Only preservative act as control
- 11. Sealing/packing of Samples 1 1 • Lid of bottled should be tightly sealed and labeled • Bottle willbe placed in viscera box (wooden box) sealed and labeled again • Key of box sealed in envelop, handover to policewith proper receiving • Police constable carry it to FSL lab alongwith – Copy of panchanama, – Autopsy report,requisition letter by MO to FSL Lab
- 12. Samples for microbiological examination
- 13. Reference 1 2 • Medical jurisprudence, forensic medicine and toxicology, BV Subrahmanyam
- 14. Sexual Assault Evidence Collection 1 3 Dr. Aamir Ali Khan Assistant Professor PhD Biochemistry
- 15. Sexual Assault Evidence Collection 1 4 • Sexual serious offense around the globe • Forensic professionals focused on the identification, recovery, packing, and analysis of evidence. • Evidence collection to D N A profiling, need timely approach &proper tools to utilize • The sperm cells more resistant then somatic to biological degradation – Thanks to Sperm nucleus (protamine), protectfrom nucleases
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- 22. Reference • Biological Evidence Analysis in Cases ofSexual AssaultDOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82164 5/7/2021