Formats used in TV during broadcasting.ppt

TV-5304.11 - 12
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
 Name : K.V. Niranjan Rao
 Designation : Lecturer in TV & Sound
 Branch : TV & Sound ENGG.
 Semester/year : 5th
Semester
 College : Govt. Institute of Electronics
 Subject : TV Studio & Broadcasting
Techniques
 Code No : TVS-5304
 Major Topic : Studio Planning and Requirements
 Presentation Duration : 50 Mins.
 Sub Topic : Various formats used in TV studios
and outdoor
 Teaching Aids : Photos , Animations

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Objectives
Various formats in TV studios and outdoor
After this class the students will be able to know

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 Video Standards
PAL, SECAM, NTSC
 Analog
Video8, HI-8, VHS, VHS-C, SVHS, SVHS –C,
Betacam
 Digital
Digital 8, MiniDV, BetacamDV , DVDrom, DVC
Pro

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Analog Video Formats

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Video8(8mm)
Pros
 Reasonable picture quality
 Good sound quality (mono or stereo depending on model)
 Compact tapes (about the size of an audio cassette) giving
60 - 90 minutes recording
 Cheapest camcorders available
 Popular format so lots of choice
 Lightweight cameras
Cons
 Can't be played on normal VCR - Although it can
transferred to other formats for editing
 Very few 8mm editing VCRs

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Hi8
Pros
 Good picture quality (near broadcast standard - 400
horizontal lines, TV does 525)
 Top notch stereo sound
 Tape a bit more expensive than 8mm but still compact
 Can record up to 90 minutes on standard play.
 Can use 8mm tape as well ( picture quality suffers)
 Lightweight cameras
Cons
 Costs more

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VHS
Pros
 Normal VCR, so its cheap, easily available and
you can edit easier.
 The tape is bigger than 8mm, so the cameras
 Picture quality about 8mm standard - which
means its not that bad.
 Long recording time (3 to 4 hours)
Cons
 Only has a mono soundtrack
 Cameras are bulkier and heavier
 Very few cameras available.

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VHS- C
Pros
 Essentially VHS-C is smaller VHS tapes.
 Picture quality about 8mm standard.
 Compact and lightweight cameras.
 An adaptor is used (which looks like a VHS tape)
that allows VCR to play VHS-C tapes like normal
videotapes
 Cheap
Cons
 Only has a mono soundtrack
 Because of the decrease in size the tapes are shorter
(30 - 45 mins).

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S - VHS
Pros
 Excellent picture quality
 Stereo soundtrack
 Can also record onto VHS tapes (although the quality
isn't as good as using proper VHS tapes) or S-VHS-C
tapes with an adaptor.
 S-VHS VCRs are top notch - a wide choice with
excellent control over editing of sound and pictures
Cons
 Despite being the same size as VHS tape, tapes can
only be played back on S-VHS VCRs.
 Expensive.
 Bulky machines
 Few cameras to choose from.

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S-VHS-C
Pros
 Like S-VHS excellent picture quality (near broadcast
standard)
 Stereo soundtrack
 S-VHS VCRs are top notch - a wide choice with
excellent control over editing of sound and pictures.
 Compact little cameras
Cons
 Because of the decrease in size the tapes are shorter
(30 - 45 mins).
 Needs a S-VHS VCR to playback tapes.
 Not cheap.

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Betacam
 Betacam is successful in professional market
where as earlier ones are for home market
 Quality & reliability are paramount
 Uses comonent video rather than composite
 Tapes come in two sizes: S (small) & L (large)
 Tape come in half inch size with 300 lines of
horizontal resolution
 Betacam was replaced by Betacam SP
 Betacam SP was most successful and used for
ENG(Electronic News Gathering)

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Digital video formats

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Digital8
 DV quality pictures using compression ie. 500
lines resolution
 CD quality sound
 Uses cheap 8mm and Hi8 tape
 Can play back old 8mm and Hi8 tapes
 No loss of picture quality in editing provided it is
edited via Fire wire.
Pros
Cons
•It's a Sony technology
•So you have to buy a Sony camera

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MiniDV
Pros
 Offers good pictures - high on TV quality
 CD quality sound
 Designers are experimenting with design of cameras
so they are some nice machines out there .
 No loss of picture quality in editing.
 Edited on DVCvcrs or nonlinearly using fire wire card
 The price is coming down
Cons
 Editing VCRs are available, but very expensive.

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Digital Betacam ( DegiBeta)
 Also called as Digibeta or D-Beta
 Introduced as digital replacement for analog
Betacam SP
 Cassette sizes: same as other Beta versions
small tapes :40 minute
large taps : 120 minutes
 Records componenet video with 10bit YUV 4:2:
compression
 PAL resolution : 720 X 576
 NTSC resolution : 720 X 480
 Bitrate : 90 bMbit/s
 5 audio channels & 1 cue track
 Compatible with Betacam & Betacam SP

TV-5304.11 - 12
DV Video
DV (Digital Video) is a video standard by a
consortium of companies official name IEC 61834.
The DV has spawned a few variations, including
DVCAM (Sony) and DVCPRO (Panasonic).
Consumers know DV in it's smaller format MiniDV.
DV uses intraframe compression( compression
within each frame rather than between consecutive
frames)
The HDV format is a high-definition version of DV

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DV Video
Uses MPEG- 2 for compression
Uses firewire to transfer video files from camera to
editing equipment
Tape : ME (Metal Evaporate)
Track Pitch : 10 microns (SP) 6.7 microns (LP)
Track Width : 10 microns (SP) 6.7 microns (LP)
Tape Speed : 18.81 mm/sec
Record Times :
MiniDV : 80 min (SP),120 min (LP)
Standard : 3 hrs (SP), 4.6 hrs (LP)
DVCAM 184 min tape: 4.6 hrs (SP),6.9 hrs (LP)

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DVCPRO
DVCPRO is a format developed by Panasonic.
It is a variation of the DV format
DVCPRO is also known as DVCPRO
Standard or DVCPRO25
DVCPRO cassettes have a yellow lid,
DVCPRO50 have a blue lid and
DVCPRO HD have a red lid.
 DVCPRO VCRs can play both DV and DVCAM
tapes but cannot record in these formats.
MiniDV tapes can be played with an adaptor

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DVCPRO Video
Tape:MP (Metal Particle)
Tape Speed:33.82 mm/sec
Track Pitch:18 micrometres
Track Width:18 micrometres
Cassettes:63 min, 123 min, 184 min
Compression:Intra-frame, 5:1 DVC-format DCT,
Bitrate 25 Mbps
Resolution & Sampling:720x576, 4:1:1 (PAL);
720x480, 4:1:1 (NTSC)
Audio:16 bit/48 kHz. Additional analog cue track

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DVCPRO50
 DVCPRO50 is an enhanced version of DVCPRO,
aimed at the higher-end professional and ENG
market. DVCPRO50 cassettes are identified by a
blue lid.
 DVCPRO50 offers two technical advantages over
standard DVCPRO.
1. The bitrate is doubled to 50 Mbps
2. Colour-sampling resolution is 4:2:2 instead of 4:1:1
 The increased data rate means that recording time
for DVCPRO50 is half that of standard DVCPRO.
 DVCPRO50 is backwards-compatible with standard
DVCPRO

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DVCPRO HD
 DVCPRO HD is an enhanced version of
DVCPRO and DVCPRO50
 DVCPRO HD increases the data rate to
100MBps, which is why it is sometimes called
DVCPRO100. DVCPRO HD cassettes are
identified by a red lid.
 Despite the "HD" tag, DVCPRO HD is not true
high-definition in the current sense. Higher
resolutions are down sampled.

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Summary
Various formats in TV studios and outdoor

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1. VHS is ___________ format.
Ans: analog

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2. DVCPRO is ___________ format.
Ans: digital

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Frequently asked questions
1.List the various analog formats used in
television industry.
2.List the various digital formats used in
television industry

Formats used in TV during broadcasting.ppt

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