FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION in Basic Statistics with clear samples.ppt
- 2. TOPICS DISCUSSED IN THIS CHAPTER 1. Frequency Distributions 2.Data Presentations: tables and graphs in APA format measures of Distribution •Central Tendency •Relative Position •Variability and Shape
- 4. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS *Is a branch of statistics that aims to summarize and display the main features of data set using numerical measures, tables, and graphs * Intent is to describe the data that actually collected before performing any inferential analysis, such as hypothesis testing or regression.
- 5. •Frequency of a value is the number of times it occurs in a dataset. • Way of organizing data that displays the number (or percent) of individuals that obtained a particular score or fell in a particular category •Presented in a table or a graph. •Help us understand the distribution of values in the data. • Used to get “picture” of how scores were distributed. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
- 7. Four types of Frequency Distributions •Ungrouped frequency distributions: The number of observations of each value of a variable. • You can use this type of frequency distribution for categorical variables. •Grouped frequency distributions: The number of observations of each class interval of a variable. Class intervals are ordered groupings of a variable’s values. • You can use this type of frequency
- 8. •Relative frequency distributions: The proportion of observations of each value or class interval of a variable. • You can use this type of frequency distribution for any type of variable when you’re more interested in comparing frequencies than the actual number of observations. •Cumulative frequency distributions: The sum of the frequencies less than or equal to each value or class interval of a variable. • You can use this type of frequency distribution for ordinal or quantitative variables when you
- 9. How to make a frequency table? Frequency distributions are often displayed using frequency tables. A frequency table is an effective way to summarize or organize a dataset. It’s usually composed of two columns: •The values or class intervals •Their frequencies
- 10. The method for making a frequency table differs between the four types of frequency distributions. You can follow the guides below or use software such as Excel, SPSS, or R to make a frequency table.
- 19. How to graph a frequency distribution? Pie charts, bar charts, and histograms are all ways of graphing frequency distributions. The best choice depends on the type of variable and what you’re trying to
- 21. BASIC TYPES OF GRAPHS (1)bar graphs (2)histograms (3)line graphs (4) pie graphs
- 22. Bar graph the bars do not touch while the bars do touch in a histogram.
- 23. Bar graphs are used when the data are discrete or qualitative. The space between the bars of a bar graph emphasize that there are no possible values between any two categories. When the data are continuous, we use a histogram, to indicate that there are possible values between any two categories.
- 24. Line graphs can be used whenever a histogram is appropriate
- 25. Pie chart is a type of graph that represents the data in the circular graph. The slices of pie show the relative size of the data. It requires a list of categorical variables and numerical variables. The term “pie” represents the whole, and the “slices” represent the parts of the whole.
- 26. The pie chart is an important type of data representation. It contains different segments and sectors in which each segment and sector of a pie chart forms a specific portion of the total(percentage). The sum of all the data is equal to 360°. The total value of the pie is
- 28. To work out with the percentage for a pie chart, follow the steps given below: •Categorize the data •Calculate the total •Divide the categories •Convert into percentages •Finally, calculate the degrees Therefore, the pie chart formula is given as (Given Data/Total value of Data) × 360°
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