Hardware hacking for software people
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The document discusses various aspects of hardware hacking, particularly focusing on open hardware and RF technologies like nrf24l01, which are used for wireless communication in devices such as keyboards and microcontrollers. It provides an overview of possible DIY projects, tools, and components necessary for hardware hacking, including Arduino boards, Bus Pirate, RTL-SDR, and microscopy for inspection. The author emphasizes the importance of open documentation and sharing resources to encourage experimentation and community-driven innovation in hardware development.
Hardware hacking for software people
- 1. hardware hacking for software people Dobrica Pavlinušić http://blog.rot13.org/ FSEC 2013, Varaždin http://bit.ly/fsec2013-hh
- 2. Open Hardware is game changer! Open Hardware - documentation, schematic, gerbers, source available If it’s not open hardware, open it and start hacking on it!
- 3. Overview ● ● ● ● ● wireless 2.4GHz keyboards with nRF24L01 RTL-SDR as universal RF receiver IMS RF band: 315,433,868,915 MHz IR receiving, analysis and sending some microcontroller choices ○ Arduino - AVR, 5V, ARM 3.3V ○ Bus Pirate - PIC, 1.8-5V ○ r0ket, Maple Leaf - ARM Cortex M3, 3.3V ○ Raspberry Pi, ARM, 3.3V ○ CubieBoard, ARM A10/A20, 3.3V, more pins ● other useful supporting hardware ○ USB microscope, solder station...
- 4. Wireless keyboards http://blog.rot13.org/2012/12/is-wireless-keyboard-safe-for-your-passwords.html Three basic types of RF connectivity 1. KeyKeriki v1.0 - 27 MHz http://www.remote-exploit.org/articles/keykeriki_v1_0_-_27mhz/index.html 2. KeyKeriki v2.0 – 2.4GHz - nRF24L01 - 1 or 2 Mbit/s http://www.remote-exploit.org/articles/keykeriki_v2_0__8211_2_4ghz/index.html 3. Ubertooth One - 2.4 GHz - Bluetooth http://greatscottgadgets.com/ubertoothone/ All somewhat complicated (KeyKeriki uses multiple radios), requires soldering or expensive kits But seed of doubt is planted: are they secure?! Most newer 2.4GHz (not bluetooth!) keyboards (with dongle) use nRF24L01
- 5. nRF24L01 - cheap module http://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/nRF24L01-Mirf-Examples http://www.ebay.com/itm/251044600998 - buy in pair!
- 6. Can we sniff with nRF24L01? http://travisgoodspeed.blogspot.com/2011/02/promiscuity-is-nrf24l01s-duty.html
- 8. Open Logic Sniffer in the middle http://github.com/jawi/ols.git ols-0.9.7-RC1 self-compiled on Debian sid amd64 (Java librxtx is pain otherwise!) http://saturn.ffzg.hr/rot13/index.cgi?open_logic_sniffer
- 9. nrf24L01_plus Dobrica Pavlinušić Shared publicly Jul 20, 2013 I'm looking for #nRF24L01 #Arduino library for which I can specify number of bytes in address (so, no #define please!) Should I write another one?! Damjan Georgievski Jul 20, 2013 If I'm not mistaken I saw R0ket in Kika, so you might try http://sarwiki.informatik.hu-berlin. de/R0ket_Keyboard_sniffer and let me know if it works because I'm basing my port on that code as opposed to combination of C and python which Travis did. Dobrica Pavlinušić Jul 22, 2013 Doesn't look as a big patch to make the address length an extra argument https://github. com/kehribar/nrf24L01_plus/blob/master/nrf24. c#L69 Dobrica Pavlinušić Jul 21, 2013 True, but I also need much more low-level access because I'm porting http: //travisgoodspeed.blogspot. com/2011/02/promiscuity-is-nrf24l01s-duty.html (and have no use for most of this library). +Damjan Georgievski I read through source code of ntf24L01_plus and it really is nicest library I've seen so far. It's not Arduino API based, so I'm somewhat reluctant to base my solution on it (since part of the goal is to show how Arduino based code can be run on different platforms since I think that Arduino API is new standard for embedded development -- blog post about it is pending :-)
- 10. First try: port r0ket sniffer to Arduino ● ● ● ● ● http://www.pollin.de/shop/dt/ODE4OTgxOTk/Bausaetze_Module/Module/Microcontroller_Experimentierplatine_r0ket.html http://sarwiki.informatik.hu-berlin.de/R0ket_Keyboard_sniffer First encounter with porting Arduino SPI API Utter failure. I can’t sniff a thing! Code does work (somewhat) - there is hope in porting code from one architecture (ARM Cortex M3) to another (AVR)!
- 11. Travis Goodspeed - GoodFET http://goodfet.sourceforge.net/ http://goodfet.sourceforge.net/clients/goodfetnrf/ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● MSP430 based, have to solder it! How about port to Arduino Uno? It does support few AVR boards... Arduino Internals by Dale Wheat ...read, read,hack, google, hack… port to different AVR! (CPU freq) luckily nRF24L01 is 5V tolerant! http://git.rot13.org/?p=goodfet;a=shortlog; h=refs/heads/Arduino_Uno
- 12. Chicony KG-0609 http://saturn.ffzg.hr/rot13/index.cgi?chicony_kg_0609 http://git.rot13.org/?p=goodfet;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/Arduino_Uno dpavlin@blue:/blue-zfs/MSP430/goodfet/client$ ./goodfet.nrf sniffmacs | tee /dev/shm/keyboard Holding autotune on 2402 MHz sync,mac,r5,r6 'aa,bffffdea01,02,0f' looks valid 1 0.00094 'aa,bffffdea01,02,0f' looks valid 2 0.00187 'aa,bffffdea01,02,0f' looks valid 3 0.00143 '55,5ffffef500,02,0f' looks valid 1 0.00047 '55,5ffffef500,02,0f' looks valid 2 0.00084 'aa,bffffdea01,02,0f' looks valid 4 0.00154 'aa,bffffdea01,02,0f' looks valid 5 0.00182 'aa,bffffdea01,02,0f' looks valid 6 0.00202 '55,5ffffef500,02,0f' looks valid 3 0.00094 dpavlin@x200:/rest/cvs/goodfet/client$ ./goodfet.nrf tune aa,bffffdea01,02,0f dpavlin@blue:/blue-zfs/MSP430/goodfet/client$ Listening as bffffdea01 on 2402 MHz cc af f7 bf ff 1f e0 19 54 3b 9f 2d 2d c4 d4 cc ef f7 bc fe 7f e0 19 46 c2 5e b0 c2 5a 54 cc 2f f7 bd 42 5f e0 19 4c bf be dc d5 69 ab cc 6f f7 a2 62 ff e0 19 58 26 9e 32 25 20 82 cc af f7 a2 7f 9f e0 19 5b 61 5d bf 1a 62 50 cc ef f7 bf 1d 9f e0 19 53 1f 14 a5 14 54 c3 ./goodfet.nrf sniff 1d a5 19 0b b6 a2 6a 48 55 56 a9 14 96 cd 8e d5 14 d1 d5 42 95 12 b8 84 16 2c 4f 54 d9 59 93 d8 8f 3a d2 25 2a 99 66 a6 1a 56 95 dd ed bd 52 09 b6 19 ac 5f 11 08 2b 7a a7 7d 0a 77 74 aa d2 75 25 55 d4 a5 b6 ed 4d 4a aa 85 8d fd aa 22 85 4a d1 14 a8 ce 72 84 1b b2 dc ad 91 55 8b 4b 85 56 41 15 2a 48 1a 91
- 14. Logitech - possible? I guess so! Anybody want to try it out?
- 15. buy nRFL01 2pcs NRF24L01+ 2.4GHz Antenna Wireless Transceiver Module For Microcontr http://www.ebay.com/itm/2pcs-NRF24L01-2-4GHzAntenna-Wireless-Transceiver-Module-Microcontr/251044600998? pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a736c9ca6 You will need two of them! http://dx.com/p/upgraded-2-4ghz-nrf24l01-wirelesstransceiver-module-for-arduino-black-147596 http://dx.com/p/2-4ghz-wireless-nrf24l01-module-150867
- 16. Arduino - API first! http://blog.rot13.org/2013/07/is-arduino-api-new-standard-for-embedded-development.html ● Arduino Uno - ATmega328 ● Arduino Nano - ATmega328 - breadboard friendly ● Arduino Leonardo - ATmega32u4 - USB hacks! ● Arduino Mega - ATmega2560 - bigger, more IO ● Arduino Due - Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 ● Pinguino - PIC18 8-bit or PIC32 32-bit CPUs ● The Maple - STM32F103RB 72MHz ARM Cortex M3 ● Energia - MSP430 16MHz board for under $10 ● pcDuino - A10 1GHz ARM Cortex A8 ● Papilio FPGA - Spartan 3 or 6 FPGA - AVR8 or ZPUino Many more different boards with (some) API compatibility 5V vs 3.3V, some compatible with Arduino shield pinout
- 17. buy Arduino parts http://blog.rot13.org/2013/08/monitoring-room-temperatureusing-arduino.html ● Solderless Breadboard with 400 Tie-Point ● Breadboard Jumper Wires ● Breadboard Jumper Wire Set ● DHT11 1-Wire Single Pin Thermometer/Hygrometer Module ● DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer ● Arduino Compatible 1.6" Nokia 5110 LCD Module with Blue Backlit
- 18. nRF24L01 + Bus Pirate http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/bus-pirate-v36-universal-serial-interface-p-609.html http://sandboxelectronics.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=65&products_id=185 http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/bus-pirate-cable-p-932.html ● Bus Pirate v3.6 universal serial interface http://dangerousprototypes.com/docs/Bus_Pirate ● different voltages (1.8V-5V from MCU power, sense) and protocols ○ UART, SPI, JTAG, I2C, SUMP logic analyzer (4K samples, <~1Mhz) ● scripting mode to drive nRF24L01 from python script ○ https://github.com/dpavlin/nRF24L01-buspirate ○ my fork, reviewed by someone who knows python, hi Aka :-) ● differnet modes have differnet pinout, take care when connecting! http://dangerousprototypes.com/docs/Common_Bus_Pirate_cable_pinouts
- 19. nRF24L01 + Raspberry Pi nRF24L01 RF Transceiver https://github.com/kehribar/nrf24L01_plus http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=17061 http://arduino-for-beginners.blogspot.fr/2013/02/setup-nordic-nrf24l01-rf-modules-to.html setup it as hub for your devices Raspberry Pi is 3.3V device so don’t blindingly connect 5V Arduino sensors to it! Level shifter comes to rescue: http://www.ebay.com/itm/121032259497 there are models with less pins too!
- 20. RTL-SDR - NSND Osijek 2013 http://blog.rot13.org/2013/02/nsnd-2013-osijek-rtl-sdr-software-defined-radio.html SDR receiver 8-bit, 2.4 MS/s, 24-1766 MHz http://sdr.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/rtl-sdr ● good for IMS bands (433, 868 Mhz EU) or ADS-B (1090 Mhz) - with home-made antennas! All antennas are not equal! ● weather sensors, blinds, garage doors
- 21. What about sending IMS RF? https://code.google.com/p/rfcat/ CC1111 (RF+MCU) vs CC1101 (RF only) 443 or 868 or 915 MHz - select one Notice pin spacing! (2mm vs 2.54 mm) Chronos AP dongle now in with MSP430F5509 and CC1101 so rfcat don’t work anymore! http://saturn.ffzg. hr/arh/index.cgi? msp430_chronos
- 22. Cheaper alternative for Arduino ● ● ● ● 315 or 434 MHz only, AM modulation buy pair - easier to debug and play with! http://www.ebay.com/itm/251044600998 Separate sender and receiver module
- 23. USB IR Toy - easy IR hacking http://blog.rot13.org/2013/04/usb-ir-toy---pic-18f2550-fw-update-under-linux.html http://dangerousprototypes.com/docs/USB_Infrared_Toy You will need to upgrade PIC firmware first! Can be used as SUMP IR analyzer Record and playback IR codes with ease!
- 24. IR Arduino alternative Requires more software tweaking than IR Toy http://www.righto.com/2009/08/multi-protocol-infrared-remote-library.html ● 5 pairs Infrared Diode LED IR Emission & Receiver http://www.ebay. com/itm/281010446403 ● you will need additional resistor for IR led!
- 25. Arduino Nano + 125KHz RFID http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/index.php?title=Electronic_brick_-_125Khz_RFID_Card_Reader https://plus.google.com/115404771036822212816/posts/VPnpbJqn2xo It was cheap sell-out component (5V serial)
- 26. USB Microscope http://dx.com/p/s04-25-600x-usb-digital-photography-microscope-magnifier-w-8-led-white-light-grey-black-189450 Good for inspection 640*480 - don’t believe megapixels, has noticeable lag, zoom too high, this is only usable distance!
- 27. ERSA analogue soldering station, 80W 570 Kn, Nuškalo, temperature regulation fail > 500°C, burned tip!
- 28. Bitcoins in Mojo FPGA Mining #bitcoins at rate of 35.79 MH/s using +Embedded Micro mojo #fpga board. It's slower than GPU, but fun to watch. https://plus.google.com/115404771036822212816/posts/4sTk4DEHncH http://saturn.ffzg.hr/rot13/index.cgi?mojo
- 29. CubieBoard https://plus.google.com/115404771036822212816/posts/VPnpbJqn2xo 2mm pins!
- 30. Seeking! Questions? ● Advice on board design (KiCAD? Fritzing?) ● Infrared microwave to convert into reflow owen http://youtu.be/NCGzKDTFBSQ (and somebody who wants to have it at home :-) ● everything else I don’t have and don’t know that I need, please donate! I’m starting to learn soldering :-) ● buy me something from my whishlist at ebay ● always buy more than one component (and pass rest of them to friends)
- 31. hardware hacking for software people Dobrica Pavlinušić http://blog.rot13.org/ FSEC 2013, Varaždin http://bit.ly/fsec2013-hh