Functionality Testing [PARTIAL]

Identification Of Test Cases
Function:
Employ based on age;
Input domain is 16 to 55
> 16 - 18 : consider, part-time
> 19 - 55 : consider, full-time

Step 1:
Assign a unique number to each EC
>(EC1) 16 – 18; valid input
>(EC2) younger than 16; invalid input
>(EC4) older than 55; invalid input
Function:

Function:
Step 2:
For each EC with valid input that has not
been covered by test cases yet,
write a new test case covering as many
uncovered ECs as possible
Test Case # Test Value Expected Result EC Being Tested
TC1 17 consider, part-time EC1
TC2 27 consider, full-time EC3

Function:
Step 3:
For each EC with invalid input that has not
been covered by test cases,
write a new test case that covers one and
only one of the uncovered ECs
Test Case # Test Value Expected Result EC Being Tested
TC1 17 consider, part-time EC1
TC2 27 consider, full-time EC3
TC3 14 invalid input EC2
TC4 67 invalid input EC4

Advantages Of Equivalence Class Partitioning
> A small number of test cases are needed to adequately cover a large input domain
>> any number from 16 – 18 will yield the same result, so we don’t really have to test all of
those numbers, picking one from this EC is enough
> The probability of uncovering defects with the selected test cases based on equivalence
class partitioning is higher than that with a randomly chosen test suite of the same size
> The equivalence class partitioning approach is not restricted to input conditions alone –
the technique may also be used for output domains

Boundary Value Analysis
> The main idea in Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is to select test data near the boundary of a
data domain so that data both within and outside an equivalence class are selected
> The BVA technique is an extension and refinement of the equivalence class partitioning
technique
> In the BVA technique, the boundary conditions for each of the equivalence class are analyzed
and considered when creating test cases

Guidelines For Boundary Value Analysis
> The equivalence class specifies a range
e.g. 10 – 20; best candidates: 9, 10, 20, 21
If an equivalence class specifies a range of values, then construct test cases by considering the boundary points of the
range and points just beyond the boundaries of the range
> The equivalence class specifies a number of values
If an equivalence class specifies a number of values, then construct test cases for the minimum and the maximum value
of the number
In addition, select a value smaller than the minimum and a value larger than the maximum value.
e.g. 10, 15, 16, 12, 13, 19, 11; best candidates: 10, 19, 9, 20
> The equivalence class specifies an ordered set
If the equivalence class specifies an ordered set, such as a linear list, table, or a sequential file, then focus attention on
the first and last elements of the set.
e.g. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15; best candidates:10, 15, 9, 16

Decision Tables
Function:
Equivalence Classes:
>(EC2) younger than 16; invalid input
>(EC4) older than 55; invalid input
> Decision tables can be a source of test cases. They are used in software development and
as well as in software testing

Decision Tables
Step 1:
Identify the causes and effects
Condition Effect
age < 16 invalid input
age >= 16 AND age <= 18 consider, part-time
age >= 19 AND age <= 55 consider, full-time
age > 55 invalid input

Decision Tables
Step 2:
Create the decision tables by plotting the data from the
previous table
Conditions
age < 16 Y
age >= 16 AND age <= 18 Y
age > 55 Y
Effects
invalid input Y
consider, part-time Y
consider, full-time Y
invalid input Y

Step 3:
Create test cases
Decision Tables
Conditions
age < 16 Y
age > 55 Y
Effects
invalid input Y
consider, part-time Y
consider, full-time Y
invalid input Y
Ideas:
> any number less than 16 will output “invalid input”
> any number in range 16 and 18, inclusively, will output “consider, part-time”
> etc…

Functionality Testing [PARTIAL]

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