Fund flow statement
- 1. Presentation on FUND FLOW STATEMENT By G.Ravinder ITM-Business School -warangal
- 2. Why we prepare fund flow statement? The balance sheet and income statement are the traditional basic financial statement of a business enterprise. A serious limitation of these statements is that they do not provide information regarding changes in the firm’s financial position during a particular period of time. They fail to answer following question What funds were available during the accounting period and for what purpose these funds were utilized? Have long term sources been adequate to finance fixed asset purchase? Does the firm possess adequate working capital? How much funds have been generated from operations? Why did the firm not pay dividend in spite of adequate profit?
- 3. The balance sheet is merely a static statement. It is statement of asset and liabilities of the business as on particular date. The fund flow statement overcomes these limitations of basic financial statement. Fund flow statement will provide us information about different sources of fund and their various uses in particular time.
- 4. MEANING OF FUND The term fund has a variety of meaning such as cash fund, capital fund and working capital fund. 1.Cash fund –In a narrow sense, fund means only cash. ‘Cash flow statement’ portrays net effect of the various business transactions on cash into account receipts & disbursement of cash. This concept of preparing fund flow statement is not accepted, as there are many such transactions which do not affect cash but represent the flow of fund . for example : purchase of furniture on credit does not affect cash but there is flow of fund. 2. Capital fund –Here fund means all financial resources used in the business, whether in the form of men, money, material, machine & others. 3. Net working capital -Net working capital means difference between current asset and current liabilities .funds generally refers to cash or cash equivalent or to working capital.
- 5. MEANING OF FLOW The term ‘flow’ refers to changes or transfer and therefore the ‘flow of funds’ means transfer of economic values from one asset to another, from one liability to another, from one asset to liabilities or vice-versa or a combination of these. So flow of fund refers to increase or decrease in net working capital. The increase or decrease in net working capital will take place only when one account, out of two accounts to be affected in a transaction ,is a current account i.e. current asset or current liabilities and the other account is non current account i.e. fixed asset or long term liability or capital. When a change in non current account is followed by a change in another non current account, it does not amount to flow of fund. It is because, in such case, neither the working capital increase nor decrease .
- 6. For example Machinery a/c Dr To share capital a/c (Machinery purchase in consideration of share) In the above transaction both accounts are non current accounts which do not at all affect current asset and current liability. Therefore working capital will remain unaffected i.e. there will be no flow of fund. When changes in one current account results in a changes in other current account ,it also does not affect working capital i.e. there is no flow of funds . For example Cash a/c Dr To debtor a/c (Cash received from debtor) It represents an increase of cash –a current asset account and decrease of debtor again a current asset account .thus there will be no net changes in the amount of working capital, although the composition of working capital will be affected .
- 7. In the above figure the dotted line displays there will be no flow of fund & the dark line displays the flow of fund.
- 8. Preparation of Fund Flow Statement The changes which occurred in the current accounts as a result flow of fund are reflected in a statement known as ‘ schedule of changes in working capital’ . The similar changes in non current accounts are shown in ‘Fund Flow Statement’. Therefore, following two statements under this techniques . 1. Statement or Schedule of Changes in Working Capital. 2. Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds or Funds Flow Statement. Schedule of Changes in Working Capital It discloses the changes in individual item of current asset & current liabilities between two period & there effect on working capital. Working capital will increase when there is an increase in current asset and decrease in current liabilities, whereas, working capital will decrease when there is a decrease in current asset & increase in current liabilities. Net increase in working capital is treated as use of funds & the net decrease in working capital is treated as source of funds.
- 9. Statement or Schedule of Changes in Working Capital. Item (A) Current Assets Cash at bank Cash in hand Stock in trade Debtors Bills receivable Advance payment Short term investment Prepaid expense Accrued income Total (A) (B) Current Liabilities (1) Short term loans (2) Bank overdraft (3) Creditors (4) Bills payable (5) Outstanding expenses (6) Unclaim dividend Total (B) Net Working Capital (A-B) Incraese / Decrease in Working Capital Total Previous Year Current Year Effect on Incraese Rs. Working captial Decrease Rs.
- 10. Meaning of fund flow statement : This statement reveals resources from which funds were obtain by the firm hand the specific uses to which such funds were applied. The effectiveness of financial management in procuring funds from various sources & using them effectively for generating income without sacrificing the financial position of the firm is reflected in fund flow statement . Definitions of fund flow statement : In the words of Foulke, R.A. , “a statement of source and application of fund is a technical device design to analysis the changes in the financial condition of business enterprises between two dates”. According to : Almond Coleman, “ The fund flow statement summarizing the significant financial changes which were occurred between the beginning & the end of a company’s accounting periods”.
- 11. This fund flow statement has two parts : Sources of fund Application of fund The difference between these two parts that is sources & uses of funds represents net changes in working capital. The excess of sources of funds over uses of fund is the net increase in working capital & excess of uses over sources of fund is net decrease in working capital. The amount of net increase or decrease as shown in fund flow statement should be equal to the amount shown by schedule of working capital changes.
- 12. Fund Flow Statement Sources of Fund A mount Fund from operation Issue of share Issue of debenture long term loans Sale of fixed assets / Investment Non trading receipts Decrease in working capital (if any) Uses Of Funds Amount Loss from operation Redemption of preference shares Redemption of debentures Repayment of long term loans Purchase of fixed assets / Investments Payment of dividend & taxes Increase in working capital (if any)
- 13. Fund from operations : The profit made by a firm through normal operations is a major source of funds. The amount of sales as shown in the P&L A/c is a source of funds by way of increase in cash , debtor and B/R.
- 14. Profit & loss Adjustment a\c Particular Amount Depreciation Loss on sale of fixed assets Under writing commissions Discount on issue of shares & debentures Preliminary expense written off Deferred revenue expenses Goodwill written off Patent or trademark Provision for taxes (If treated non current ) Particular Amount Profit or gain on sale of fixed asset Dividend received Interest received of investment Profit on revaluation of asset Fund from operation
- 15. -Comparative Balance sheet of Z Ltd. As on year 2000 and 2001 were as follow Liabilities 2000 2001 Assets 2000 2001 Account payable Notes payable Loan on Mortgage Capital Sinking fund Retained Earning Provision for DD Accumulated Depreciation- Building furniture 15000 10000 40000 50000 16000 13950 1350 12000 3200 161500 18000 75000 40000 45000 12000 16275 1425 9000 2400 151600 Cash Account receivable Stock Sinking fund investment Land Building Furniture 11200 21300 35000 16000 10000 60000 8000 161500 8500 23500 30600 12000 10000 60000 7000 151600
- 16. You are giving information:- Net profit for the year 2001 amounted 6675. Dividend amounted to Rs.5000 was paid during the year. Prepare a statement of sources and uses of fund.
- 17. Schedule of Changes in Working Capital Items CURRENR ASSETS:- Cash Account receivable Stock TOTAL of CA (A) CUURENT LIABILITIES:- Account payable Note payable Provision for D D TOTAL of CL (B) Difference b/w (A-B) Decrease in W C 2000 Amount 11200 21300 35000 67500 15000 10000 1350 26350 41150 41150 2001 Amount 8500 23500 30600 62600 18000 7500 1425 26925 35675 5475 41150 Change in Increase 2200 2500 5475 10175 Working capital Decrease 2700 4400 3000 75 10175
- 18. Fund flow statement Sources of fund Sale of sinking fund investment Fund from operation Decrease in working capital Amount 4000 525 5475 10000 Application of fund Redemption of share capital Dividend paid Amount 5000 5000 10000
- 19. Profit & loss adjustment a\c Particular To Accumulate dep. On furniture To Dividend paid To Balance c/d Amount 200 5000 16275 21475 Particular By balance b/d By sinking fund By accumulate dep. On building By fund flow operation Amount 13950 4000 3000 525 21475
- 20. Accumulative deprecation Building Furniture Furniture a\c Particular To P/L a/c To balance c/d Amount 3000 9000 12000 Particular By balance b/d Amount 12000 12000 Particular To furniture a/c To balance c/d Amount 1000 2400 3400 Particular By balance b/d By P/L a/c Amount 3200 200 3400 Particular To balance b/d Amount 8000 8000 Particular By deprecation By balance c/d Amount 1000 7000 8000