Fundamental analysis involves analyzing a company's financial statements, management, competitive advantages, and markets to determine the intrinsic value of its stock. It focuses on factors like earnings, production, management, and the overall economy for futures and forex. The key aspects of fundamental analysis include examining economic, financial, qualitative and quantitative factors of a company and its industry to predict stock price movements and evaluate business performance and management. Some tools used are earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, dividend yield, and analysis of statements like the balance sheet and income statement.